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Gettysburg College
Library
GETTYSBURG, PA.
Memorial Trust Fund
from
The Class of 1911
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SOLDIERS TRUE
THE STORY OF THE ONE HUNDRED AND
ELEVENTH REGIMENT PENNSYLVANL^
VETERAN VOLUNTEERS, AND OF
ITS CAMPAIGNS IN THE WAR
FOR THE UNION 1861— 1865
BY
JOHN RICHARDS BOYLE, D.D.
Late Adjutant, One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers
Captain and Assistant Quartermaster United States Volunteers, Companion of
the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Member
of the Philadelphia Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF
THE REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION
New York Cincinnati
EATON & MAINS JENNINGS & PYE
Copyrighted 1903, by
J. RICHARDS BOYLE
All rights reserved
TO THE
Surviving Officers and Men
OF THE
One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment
Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers
AND TO THE
Memory of Their Deceased Comrades
This Volume is Respectfully
De&icateO
PREFACE
'HIS book is not a history of the civil war, nor does it con-
tain an exhaustive account of any one of its campaigns.
It is the story of but one of the hundreds of regiments
which fought that war through to final victory. This particular
regiment does not claim precedence of service or merit over any
other, and any attempt to assume that it did would be promptly
condemned by its survivors. It was simply one battalion of Sol-
diers True, who, with their honored comrades from Pennsylvania
and every other loyal State, endeavored to perform unostenta-
tiously and faithfully the work that was assigned to them.
And yet the book is history. The actual story of the great
war can never be really known until the service of each participa-
ting regiment and battery and ship is narrated ; and, therefore, the
present volume is believed to contain an essential and important
part of the history of the American nation in the most momentous
crisis of its existence.
The work was undertaken at tlie earnest and unanimous re-
quest of the survivors of the command, and has been indorsed by
them as the official history of the regiment. But it was written
not for them and their friends only, but for all readers who are
interested in civil war studies. Its preparation has been a labor
of love, and such patience and care have attended it as the author
could command amid the daily exactions of an important city
pastorate. Imperfections will, of course, be discovered in it, but
6 Preface
all important original sources of information have been consulted,
and accuracy has steadily been striven for. The prevailing pur-
pose has been, not to obtrude biography, nor to record reminis-
cence, but to set the active life of the regiment fairly forth in the
tremendous military movements in which it played a real but,
necessarily, a minor part.
It is believed that the Itinerary of the Regiment, with the maps
illustrating it, and the Roster, printed in the Appendix, as well
as the list of casualties in the principal engagements, which latter
appear as footnotes, will be found of value.
The author gratefully acknowledges his obligations to the
Rebellion Record, Bates's History of Pennsylvania Volunteers,
Pennypacker's Life of General Meade, the Memoirs of Generals
Grant and Sherman, and General James Longstreet's From
Manassas to Appomattox, to all of which valuable books he has
freelv referred and at times has used, and to Captains Alexander
and Patterson, Lieutenant Tracy. ]\Ir. E. M. Boyle, and others of
the regiment, each of whom has generously aided him with help-
ful suggestions and material.
The illustrations of the battles of Wauhatchie and Peach Tree
Creek, and the maps, were drawn under the author's direction by
]\[r. y. S. Birkmire, and are historically correct.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PACK
I. The Creation of the Regiment ii
II. The First Touch of Fire 26
III. In Pope's Campaign 34
IV'. Antietam 52
V. The Autumn and Winter of 1862-63 66
VI. Chancellorsville 85
VII. Gettysburg 102
VIII. From the Potomac to the Tennessee 139
IX. Wauhatchie 155
X. The Chattanooga Campaign 170
XI. The Atlanta Campaign 194
XII. The Atlanta Campaign — Continued 216
XIII. The Occupation of Atlanta and the March to the
Sea.. 248
XIV. The March Through the Carolinas 273
XV. End of the Carolina Campaign and of the War.. . 294
APPENDIX
Itinerary of the Regiment 313
Roster and Military Record of Members of the
Regiment 323
Map of Operations in Virginia, Maryland, and
Pennsylvania.
Map of Operations in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia,
AND THE Carolinas.
Index 363
ILLUSTRATIONS
Colonel Matthew Schlaudecker lo
McKim Barracks, Baltimore, Md 21
Captain Wallace B. Warner 29
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General Thomas M. Walker 35
Captain Oliver H. P. Ferguson 40
Surgeon James L. Dunn 46
Private E. M. Boyle . . . , 48
Captain Arthur Corrigan 59
Captain George Selkregg 62
Captain John P. Schlaudecker 73
Lieutenant William Saeger 83
Captain William J. Alexander 98
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General George A. Cobham, Jr 103
Regimental Monument at Gettysburg 1 30
Adjutant John Richards Boyle 143
Major John Alexander Boyle 1 54
Battle of Wauhatchie 1 60
Lieutenant Albert E. Black 163
Part of Lookout Mountain Battlefield 171
Captain William A. Thomas. . . 177
Regimental Tablet on Lookout Mountain. . 180
Captain Plympton A. Mead 188
Regimental Colors, December, 1863 191
Captain James jNL Wells 205
Captain Charles Woeltge 208
Captain Martellus H. Todd 213
Sergeant George H. Osgood 226
Battle of Peach Tree Creek 234
Lieutenant Noah W. Lowell 235
Lieutenant Jesse Moore 239
Captain Hiram L. Blodgett 244
Captain William L. Patterson • • ■ 249
Lieutenant Colonel Frank J. Osgood 295
Surgeon D. Hayes Strickland 297
Captain William C. Hay . . . ; 299
COLONEL MATTHEW SCHLAUDECKER
SOLDIERS TRUE
CHAPTER I
The Creation of the Regiment
H TELEGRAM from the War Department was responsible
for it. On August 30, 1861, Matthew Schlaudecker, of
Erie, Pennsyh'ania, a major general of militia, wired
Governor Curtin for authority to recruit a regiment from the
northwestern part of the State. The governor's aid-de-camp.
Lieutenant Colonel Craig Biddle, replied that "the colonels under
last requisition are all appointed." Schlaudecker instantly ap-
pealed from Harrisburg to Washington, and directly offered the
government a regiment that was yet to be raised. On September
2 he received the following dispatch from Colonel Thomas A.
Scott, Assistant Secretary of War :
The regiment of infantry which you offer is accepted for three years
or during the war. provided you have it ready for marching orders in
thirty days. This acceptance is with the distinct understanding that this
department will revoke the commissions of all officers who may be found
incompetent for the proper discharge of their duties.
Your men will be mustered into the service of the United States in
accordance with General Orders No. 58 and 61.
One regiment, the Eighty-third Pennsylvania, had already been
recruited in and about Erie, within a few weeks, Imt the sun did
not set that day before Colonel Schlaudecker had enlisted the
nucleus of his thousand men. No better recruiting ofhcer or
drillmaster could have been found. Born in Riilzheim, Rhenish
Bavaria, thirty-five years before, soldierly in presence, prompt
and positive in action, and trained in military engineering in the
construction of the fortress of Germersheim and similar works
12 Soldiers True
on the upper Rhine, he was exceptionahy well prepared for the
difficult task of organizing a regiment from the raw material.
He had entered the State militia as a captain, and before the
civil war had risen to the rank of division general. Early in
April, 1 86 1, he had recruited three companies, and served
throughout the three months' campaign as major in what was
known as the ''Erie regiment." With characteristic energ>' he at
once opened an office in Erie, and established an encampment on
the lake shore, three miles east of the city, upon the fair grounds,
which he named Camp Reed. He scattered patriotic appeals
throughout Erie, Warren, Crawford, and Elk Counties, calling
on their best youth to hasten to the defense of their assailed and
imperiled country. He appointed provisional officers to visit
these counties and conduct recruits to his camp, and he per-
sonally followed up these visits w'ith public addresses to in-
dividuals and to the squads of eager young men who were at that
time instinctively coming together in almost every hamlet of the
State.
In this preliminary work he was most fortunate in securing the
cooperation of two men who were to prove invaluable to the
future command — Thomas 'Si. Walker, of Erie, and George A.
Cobham, Jr., of Warren, Pennsylvania. ]Mr. \\'alker, w^ho was
about tw^enty-eight years of age, was the son of Hon. John H.
Walker, a distinguished jurist, and was by profession a civil en-
gineer. He had studied at Princeton, and was a young man of
unusual ability and promise. It was his honor to become the
first major and the last colonel of the regiment, and to prove
himself one of the most gallant and capable field officers in the
volunteer army. He commanded the regiment during the greater
part of its service, and was and is honored for his conspicuous
bravery, his technical skill, his disciplinary influence, his devoted
patriotism, and his fidelity to the interests of his men. His ex-
ecutive ability was discovered in the formative period of the
command, and it steadily increased until the close of the war.
Mr. Cobham was a lineal descendant of Lord Cobham (Sir John
Soldiers True 13
Oldcastle), a Lollard martyr, who was burned at the stake in
London for his opinions, on Christmas Day, 14 17, a man who is
described by his biograplier as one who "in all the adventurous
acts of worldly manhood was ever fortunate, doughty, noble, and
valiant." The family early in the nineteenth century resided in
Liverpool, and its representative was Henry Cobliam, a wealthy
barrister. George A. Cobham, Jr., was Henry's second and
posthumous son, and was born in that city December 5, 1825, and
was therefore thirty-six years of age when he entered the service
of his adopted country. His mother, after her husband's death,
married his brotlier, for whom this son was named, and with
the family crossed the sea and settled near Warren, on a tract of
land which they purchased and named Cobham Park. Here the
two sons and their sisters grew to mature life. George was a
reticent, modest youth, of large and strong physique, industrious
habits, and sterling moral principles. He became a skilled woods-
man and an expert rifle shot. He was a natural mechanic, and it
is said that he constructed with his own hands a violin and a
pianoforte, with which instruments he and one of his sisters were
accustomed to entertain their visiting friends. He was educated
at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. When the war
began he was a contractor and bridge builder, and lived in a
handsome home in the village of Warren. In the early autumn
of 1 86 1 he recruited three companies from his home county,
which he brought to Colonel Schlaudecker, and by virtue of this
important contribution to the command he was commissioned as
the first lieutenant colonel of the regiment. As will be seen.
Colonel Cobham became an excellent ofificer and a brigade com-
mander, and was, on the day before he fell in battle, appointed a
brevet brigadier general of volunteers.
In addition to these strong men, John Alexander Boyle, a
Philadelphian, who in early life had been a minister in the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, and later, while a resident of New Jersey,
had served that State in the Legislature, and who still later had
become a practicing lawyer and located in Ridgway, Elk County,
14 Soldiers True
in pursuit of health, was recruiting a company of choice young
men in that town. He was forty-five years of age and was a
man of fine character, distinguished presence, scholarly attain-
ments, pronounced influence, and an experienced and persuasive
public speaker. His health was so delicate that his physician and
friends regarded it as a most serious risk for him to enter the serv-
ice, but to the surprise of all he endured the exposure of the field,
and even the hardships of military imprisonment, without phys-
ical harm, and was never disabled until he met death on the battle-
field. Colonel Schlaudecker sent a cordial invitation to Mr.
Boyle to join the regiment, and when they met at Erie he was so
pleased with him that he persuaded him to accept the regimental
adjutancy. The men he brought to Camp Reed became the
nucleus of Company K, and furnished a number of officers and
many excellent soldiers to the command.
Other effective officers were busy recruiting throughout Erie,
Warren, and Crawford Counties, and, while the regiment was
not filled up within the time specified in the War Department
order, it rapidly grew in numbers, and before the autumn was
over its roster was practically complete.
The fair grounds were upon the south of the highway leading
from Erie to Dunkirk, and afforded ample space for drill. The
buildings, which faced the north and east, had been converted into
barracks by the erection of tiers of bunks along their sides. They
were old and loosely built, and the winds from the lake swept
through them as through barns. Great stoves were requisitioned,
and were kept red-hot day and night. Company space was as-
signed, headquarters were established in newer buildings near by,
and the camp life of the freshly enlisted officers and men began.
The commandants of the companies were without exception
capable men, and with their subalterns were eager to master the
details of their new profession. The enlisted men ' represented
all ranks and conditions of youthful life. Their average age was
scarcely twenty-one years. A large German contingent and men
from every part of the Emerald Isle were in evidence, but the
Soldiers True 15
bulk of them were native-born. College men, professional stu-
dents, and teachers were among these recruits, but the large ma-
jority were from the farm, the mill, the shop, the office, and the
store. Not a few were just out of the great timber forests of
Warren and Elk, powerful in physique and masters of woodcraft
and the use of the rifle. Many of these rare young fellows were
to develop into capable and useful officers. Almost without ex-
ception they were filled with the grand enthusiasm of the hour,
and were solemnly conscious of their newly assumed responsi-
bility. They felt that a great national crisis was at hand, that
the integrity and life of the republic were in peril, and that the
government needed them. Bounties had not allured them into
the service. The dream of ambition had not. They were simply
youthful and guileless patriots who loved the flag and were
ready to march and die under it. They knew they were out for
no holiday campaign, but for arduous and perhaps desperate
service, and they were honestly anxious to be found efficient, and
to this end they accepted the severe discipline of the school of the
soldier with a manly and intelligent devotion that was and is
beyond all praise.
Their new life was full of surprises. The camp was, of course,
under military law, and the Articles of War and Casey's Tactics
were the two testaments that composed its Bible. The guards
were armed with the flintlock musket changed for percussion
caps. The moment a recruit crossed the sentinel's beat inward
he could not emerge again except when in line or on pass. He
was thenceforth to order all his hours, waking and sleeping, by
the clock and to the minute. Every moment of the day, from
reveille to taps, was filled with prescribed duties. He was to
learn how to be thankful for and to keep in health on the army
ration of hard bread, beef or pork, beans, coffee, and sugar. He
was to discover that the government allowed him for clothing,
for the first year, $45.97 ; for the second, $33.43 ; and for the
third, $36.86 ; and that if his requisitions exceeded this allowance
the excess would be deducted from his private's pay of $13 per
2
i6 Soldiers True
month. He was to find that his first complete uniform, with its
necessar}' accessories, would consume $31.64 of his year's al-
lowance, and that if he used more than three additional pairs of
shoes, two extra suits of underwear, and three new pairs of stock-
ings the balance of it would about be exhausted.* He was to have
the dullness taken out of his eyes and ears, the stoop removed
from his shoulders, and the slouch eliminated from his gait. He
was to master the details of the position of a soldier without arms,
and be able to take it instantly and retain it gracefully and im-
movably at his drill officer's will. He was to learn to march in
open and close order, and in lock step, w ith his comrades, until the
whole company or battalion moved or halted as one man. He
was to conquer all the facings, fiankings, and wheelings, and all
the subtleties of direction and distance, and all the cadence of
quick and double time, until the line of which he was an infini-
tesimal part could advance, oblique, or retire, at any speed without
a bend or a gap. He was to become sure of his appointed position
and movement at every command on squad, company, battalion,
or skirmish drill. He was to acquire the skill to execute, by the
count, every motion in the manual of arms, so that along the
entire regimental line the perpendicular of the "present," the
slant of the "right shoulder,"' the angle of the "trail," and the
thud of the "order" should be perfect. He was to learn the im-
portant responsibility of sentry duty, and the technique of the
bayonet exercise, the guard mount, and the dress parade. And
he was to understand how to keep his person and his arms
spotless.
The discipline at Camp Reed was as severe as our skilled Ger-
man drillmaster could make it. All the routine duty calls were
•Following is the clothing allowance for a private of infantry in 1861. This varied
slightly later, but remained substantially the same:
Uniform hat complete $1.86 Shoes $1-94
Forage cap 63 Stockings 26
Dress coat 6.71 Overcoat 7.20
Trousers 3-03 Blanket 2.95
Blouse, unlined 2.1S Knapsack complete 2.57
Flannel shirt 88 Haversack 48
Drawers 50 Canteen complete 48
Soldiers True 17
sounded by bugle from beneatb the post colors. At six-thirty in
the morning reveille summoned the companies to line in front of
their quarters when the roll was called by the first sergeant in
the presence of at least one officer. Guard mounting took place
at eight, the sick call at nine, meals and drills at other appointed
hours, retreat at five p. m., and taps at nine-thirty. The doctor's
call was soon set to doggerel rhymes and sung by the light-
hearted wits who were exempt from it. These verses were varied
and multiplied indefinitely, but the following specimens will
serve :
Qtii-niiie! Qui-nine!
Go to the doctor if you will.
If you don't you must drill!
Qui-nine!
Blue mass! Blue mass!
It's the same as cal-o-mel,
As you very soon can tell !
Blue mass!
Do-vers Poiv-ders!
You take 'em four a day —
The first one right away !
Do-vers!
\ scliool for the officers was established and met daily, while from
eight o'clock until five the drills were intermitted only for meals,
and in the evening officers, noncommissioned officers, and many of
the privates devoured the tactics. A fine brass band and drum
corps were trained, under an imposing drum major who wore
a great shako and twirled an immense baton, and the daily
dress parade, even in the absence of the belated arms, was an
impressive pageant. Colonel Schlaudecker seemed determined to
make the new battalion the best-drilled regiment in the service,
and there were men in it who believed that it was destined to
conquer the entire rebellion by itself.
The result of this discipline was a splendid esprit de corps.
1 8 Soldiers True
Officers and men became well set up, and looked and moved like
regulars. After a few weeks any second lieutenant could have
drilled a company and any captain could have maneuvered the
battalion. The platoons and companies acquired what football
players designate an effective "team action." That is, they learned
to work perfectly together. The resources of the regimental com-
mander were exhaustless. The battalion, out for drill, never
knew w^hat was coming next. The line became alert, quick, and
confident, and the evolutions were marvels of symmetry and or-
der. With one thousand men in the ranks the line of battle could
be thrown into a hollow square to the rear in a little more than a
half minute, and it could be broken into column or change its
front with the precision of an automaton. When the New Year
dawned there was no evolution known to the revised tactics that
the battalion could not have performed with credit before the
general-in-chief of the army.
Meanwhile the command had been paid, but neither its arms
nor its marching orders had arrived. For days it eagerly remained
in expectation of both, and some impatience was felt lest the war
should end before it could enter the field. At length the long-
looked-for guns came, but before they could be uncased orders
were received directing Colonel Schlaudecker to report the regi-
ment to Major General John A. Dix, commanding the Depart-
ment of Alaryland, at Baltimore. At that time the completed or-
ganization was as follows :
Field and Staff
Colonel. — ]\Iatthew Schlaudecker.
Lieutenant Colonel. — George A. Cobham. Jr.
Major. — Thomas M. Walker.
Adjutant. — John A. Boyle.
Quartermaster. — Alexander Thompson.
Surgeon. — Wallace B. Stewart.
Assistant Surgeon. — John Nicholson.
Soldiers True 19
Noncommissioned Staff
Sergeant Major. — John Corrigan.
Quartermaster Sergeant. — Otto Kammerer.
Commissary Sergeant. — Zalmon E. Peck.
Hospital Steward. — \Villiam T. IMcMurtrie.
Principal Musician. — James Baker.
The Sutlers were Messrs. Caughy antl Crawford, of Erie.
Line Officers
Company A. — Captain, Josiah Brown; First Lieutenant, John
D. Bentley; Second Lieutenant, Martellus H. Todd.
Company B. — Captain, Arthur Corrigan; First Lieutenant,
WilHam P. Langworthy ; Second Lieutenant, Wallace B. Warner.
Company C. — Captain, Richard Cross; First Lieutenant,
Oliver H. P. Ferguson ; Second Lieutenant, Hiram L. Blodgett.
Company D. — Captain, Elias M. Pierce; First Lieutenant,
William J. Alexander ; Second Lieutenant, Nelson Spencer.
Company E. — Captain, Samuel M. Davis; First Lieutenant,
Leander W. Kimhall ; Second Lieutenant, Peter S. Bancroft.
Company F. — Captain, John Braden; First Lieutenant, James
M. Wells ; Second Lieutenant, Caspar M. Kingsbury.
Company G. — Captain, William A. Thomas ; First Lieutenant,
Christian Scxauer ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph Cronenberger.
Company H. — Captain, John P. Schlaudecker ; First Lieuten-
ant, George J. Whitney ; Second Lieutenant, Samuel S. Bloom.
Company L — Captain, Frank Wagner; First Lieutenant,
Charles Woeltge ; Second Lieutenant, Ulric Schlaudecker.
Company K. — Captain, Jonas J. Pierce; First Lieutenant,
Frank J. Osgood : Second Lieutenant, George \\\ Smith.
The position of the companies in line was in this order: A, F,
D, I, C, H, E, K, G, B. The color company was C.
Marching orders were received on February 24. 1862, and
directed the regiment to move to Baltimore via Cleveland, Pitts-
20 Soldiers True
burg, and Harrisburg. The command broke camp promptly on
the 25th and reached the State capital on the 27th, where its arms
were found to be the inferior Belgian rifles. These, with the
accouterments, were immediately unpacked and issued, and after
a brief drill in the manual the regiment was marched to the capital
grounds to receive the colors from Governor Curtin. The field
and staff were finely mounted, the uniforms of the men were
fresh, the arms and equipments were new, and the battalion,
a full thousand strong, made a brave appearance as it formed
line before the doors of the arsenal on Capitol Hill. Governor
Curtin approached with the beautiful national and State flags,
the band beat ofif, and the line saluted. An eloquent address,
such as the great war governor of Pennsylvania was an adept in
delivering, accompanied the presentation of the colors, and Col-
onel Schlaudecker responded to it in a few characteristic and
soldierly words. The battalion gave three hearty cheers for the
Union and three more for the flag.
On March i the regiment arrived in Baltimore and was at once
reported to General Dix. It was assigned to the brigade of
Brigadier General Abram Duryea, and ordered to Camp McKim.
This camp consisted of well-built barracks that faced a large
square brick residence known as the McKim mansion, which
stood in the northern central outskirts of the city just south of
Greenmount Cemetery. The buildings occupied three sides of a
hollow square, which had a tall flagstaff in the center, and were
Toomy and comfortable. The mansion was used as headquarters,
and as the wives of Colonels Schlaudecker and Cobham and Ad-
jutant Boyle had accompanied the- regiment it was soon made
cheery and homelike.
A few days after the regiment reached Baltimore Second Lieu-
tenant Samuel S. Bloom resigned, and a competitive examination
of the first sergeants of the several companies was had to fill the
vacancy. John Richards Boyle, a son of the adjutant, had been
transferred as an enlisted man from the Fifty-eighth Penn-
sylvania Regiment, where he had been a first sergeant, and be-
Soldiers True 23
cause of this fact was permitted to take the examination. He was
selected by the examining committee to fill the place of Lieuten-
ant Bloom, and on March 12 was commissioned by Governor
Curtin as second lieutenant of Company H. At that time he was
not quite eighteen years of age.
Pay to the ist of January was received on March 6. In April
McKim barracks became a hospital, and the regiment was moved
to an adjoining commons and placed in Sibley tents, where it re-
mained until it took the field in May.
The stay in Baltimore is remembered with pleasure by the
whole command. The excellent markets afforded welcome ad-
ditions to the inflexiljlc ration, and the many Union-loving citizens
extended a kindly sympathy to the men and numerous courtesies
to the officers. But the time was spent in incessant work. In
addition to the usual post duty that fell to Ihe regiment, the
colonel kept up the drill with unabated energy. Eight hours a
day were devoted to it. Schools for commissioned and noncom-
missioned officers were continued ; dull privates were personally
coached ; squad, platoon, and company evolutions filled the morn-
ing hours, and battalion movements, in light or heavy marching
order, occupied the afternoons, until the time arrived for parade.
The battalion double-quicked and charged in line over the hills
that are now pierced by the Pennsylvania Railway tunnels or
covered by fine residences, until some of the men fell from ex-
haustion, but every day on parade the unmoved colonel would
warn his officers that "this regiment must come up to the scratch."
Nor was this all. At night the long roll would suddenly sound,
and official commendation would be given the companies that first
appeared in line. Through the streets of the sleeping city the
great battalion would rush at double time, the colonel setting the
pace with his horse, until more than once belated citizens and the
police thought that the enemy was at hand. These severe bat-
talion drills laid the foundation of much of the regiment's sub-
sequent efficiency in the field, but they were the cause of some
complaint at the time. The worst punishment, however, that was
24 Soldiers True
ever inflicted upon the colonel for them was the grim satisfaction
that the men took in forming the hollow square so quickly as to
shut him out of it, and this they were sometimes able to do.
Measles and intestinal disorders were prevalent in camp, and
the hospitals w^ere well filled with patients, but for the most part
the stalwart men of the command took their initiation into camp
life and the school of the soldier unusually well. One man, John
T. Blakesley, of Company D., died on January i8, while the
regiment was still at Erie, and eight died from disease during
its stay in Baltimore, namely: Company A, Orson Baker (April
24), Demas Murdock (April 25), James Hinton (May i) ; Com-
pany D, John M. Mack (April 19) ; Company F, George Pike
(March 14), Andrew J. Heath (April 10), James Lawson (April
28) ; Company I, Harrison Hewitt (April 29). Twenty-six en-
listed men were discharged during the same period on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
While the regiment was perfecting itself in drill in Baltimore
the great armies in the field were actively and successfully ag-
gressive. In the West Grant had fought and won the battles of
Forts Henry and Donelson and Pittsburg Landing and had cap-
tured Corinth, and in the East McClellan had advanced his
magnificent army up the Virginia peninsula, taking Yorktown
and Williamsburg, and establishing his base at White House, on
the Pamunkey, only twenty-four miles from Richmond. His
seven days' fight and retreat had not yet occurred. These events
filled our men with impatience. Many of the younger among
them felt sure the war would close before the One Hundred and
Eleventh Pennsylvania was permitted to crush the rebellion.
But there were others who, like General Grant, knew^ that the
struggle would be long enough to "permit every man in the army
to find his level." Orders to move to the front were expected
daily, and were awaited with feverish eagerness. At last they
came, and on May 24 Colonel Schlaudecker was directed to
transport his command by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to
Harper's Ferry, and report to Colonel Miles. That afternoon
Soldiers Tuuii 25
camp was struck and the regiment was en route. The men had
been encumbered with the unmiHtary and unpopuhir black dress
hats, ornamented with a phmie, and when the train halted on a
bridge spanning the Shenandoah River they saluted the historic
stream by pitching these hated tiles into it, and so were rid of
them forever. From that time they wore the regulation forage
cap.
■ 26 Soldiers True
CHAPTER II
The First Touch of Fire
'Y^ARPER'S ferry is romantically situated in Jefferson
I I County, West Virginia, at the confluence of the Potomac
■ ^ and Shenandoah Rivers, on the border of Maryland,
fifty-five miles northwest of Washington. The broad current of
the first of these streams, flowing at this point nearly southward,
receives the Shenandoah almost perpendicularly, and is deflected
through a deep pass in the Blue Ridge toward the east. These
high and rugged mountains terminate abruptly on the Maryland
side of the river in a precipitous height that bears the name of
that State, and rise again on the West Virginia shore in a peak
known as Loudoun Heights, and then continue their course from
it to the southwest. A mile or more beyond the town, west of
the junction of the rivers, and crossing the narrow valley be-
tween them, is a lesser elevation named Bolivar Heights. The
town itself lies between the two rivers and immediately beneath
the peaks that form the walls of the gap. The Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad passes through it, and other roads connect it with
the Shenandoah valley and adjacent sections of the State. A
railroad bridge spans the Potomac from the Maryland side.
During the war the town was but a village with one principal
street, near which the ruins of the United States arsenal, de-
stroyed early in 1861 by the enemy, were to be seen. The place
possessed strategical importance to the government, and was
garrisoned throughout the war. It was the scene of a number
of raids, and suffered a humiliating experience on September
15, 1862, when it was surrendered to Stonewall Jackson's troops.
The town had acquired a national interest through John Brown's
raid, which occurred here on October 18, 1859, and to suppress
which, rather curiously, Lieutenant Colonel Robert E. Lee was
Soldiers True 27
sent by the War Department. This tragic episode, mad as it
seemed at the time, made a startling impression on the Northern
heart. It quickened the public conscience on the subject of
slavery and aroused it to a sense of the perils with which that
institution threatened the national fabric. Every soldier in the
army was familiar with the story and its significance, and the
chorus,
"John Brown's body lies moldering in the grave.
His soul goes marching on,"
became one of the most popular of all the camp-fire refrains. The
little hamlet at the confluence of the two rivers seemed to the
boys in blue to be the seat of a national romance, and the other
quaint old village of Charlestown, eight miles from, it, where the
lonely old liberator kissed the colored child as he ascended the
scaftold on December 2, 1859, ^''^^'^ more than a romantic interest
for them — it was the scene of a martyrdom !
Just before daylight on Sunday morning, ^lay 25. 1862, the
One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment arrived at
Harper's Ferry by train from Baltimore. As the first faint rays
of light fell upon the river, and outlined the overhanging moun-
tain tops, the field and staff awoke after their tedious night ride.
The major sat with his head sunk upon his breast in unmis-
takable drowsiness. The adjutant greeted him by remarking:
"Major, you seem to be wrestling with some profound problem
this morning."
"Yes," said he, "I am. I was just trying to determine whether
that mountain yonder comes down to the river, or whether t^e
river goes up to the mountain."
"Well," returned the adjutant, as he buckled his sword belt,
"one thing is certain. JVe have come to the seat of war."
And so it seemed. As the sun rose all the bustle of a military
post was disclosed. Frowning batteries crowned the heights.
Flags were afloat. Army wagons and marching squads filled
the dusty street. Mounted ofificers with their orderlies dashed
by. Mules brayed. Artillery and infantry were unloading from
28 Soldiers True
the panting trains. The white tents of the camps flecked the
village and hillsides. The notes of drum and bugle filled the air.
x\nd into these initial scenes of war the One Hundred and Elev-
enth Regiment plunged, not to emerge again for three fateful
years.
At that moment there were three Union corps in and about
the Shenandoah valley, under Fremont, Banks, and McDowell.
These organizations represented the Alountain, Shenandoah, and
Rappahannock departments, and were independent of each other,
and of the Arm}- of the Potomac, which was on the Peninsiila
under McClellan. Opposing them were Jackson's and Ewell's
commands of Lee's Army of Northern \'irginia. Late in March
General Shields had been successfiil against the enemy near Win-
chester, but Banks had not been so fortunate. His situation de-
manded relief and called our command and others into the field,
but before these reinforcements could reach him he was defeated
at Winchester and was reported to be in retreat across the Poto-
mac at Williamsport.
Colonel D. H. Miles was in command at Harper's Ferry — his
life was to be sacrificed in its defense on the 15th of September
following — and to him Colonel Schlaudecker promptly reported
the regiment, one thousand strong, which was ordered into camp
on Bolivar Heights. The post was excited and nervous from
the exaggerated tales of the stragglers who filtered in from the
front, and the day after our arrival we were placed on cars and
hastened toward Winchester with the First District of Columbia
Regiment. A few miles out we were met by a troop train that
reported Banks to be retreating toward Martinsburg, and that
it was impossible for us to join him. Our commander, however,
had orders to report to Banks, and was determined to proceed,
and he unloaded his men to march them around the returning
trains and hurry them forward. But before they were well on
the road orders from Harper's Ferry recalled him. The regiment
arrived at the post the same evening and took position in line
of battle on Bolivar Heights, together with the One Hundred
Soldiers True
29
and Ninth Pennsylvania, the Third, Fourth, and Sixtieth New
York, the First and Second District of Coknnhia, the Third Mary-
land, the Third Delaware, the Ninety-ninth i'ennsylvania, one
regiment of cavalry, and three batteries of artillery, in a forma-
tion that extended from river to river. A heavy naval battery,
under Lieutenant Daniels, was also posted on Maryland Heights,
and pickets were thrown well to the front beyond the general line.
On the 24th Brigadier General Rufus Saxton relieved Colonel
Captain Wallace B. Warner
Miles in command of the garrison, and Brigadier General James
Cooper took command of the brigade to which we were attached.
On Wednesday morning, May 28, which was clear and warm,
the regiment, with the First Maryland Cavalry, Major Deems,
and a section of Reynolds's battery, all under command of Colonel
Schlaudecker, was ordered forward into the valley on a recon-
noissance. This time we did not take the cars and go bumping
over the old strap-track railroad, but marched bravely forth v^^ith
colors flying and band playing. The road was good and led
southwest over gentle ridges and through well-tilled farms, and
our finely clad, vigorous men swept forward with springing step.
30 Soldiers True
Beyond the lines the cavalry was thrown to the front and on the
flanks. The second platoon of Company B, under Lieutenant
W. B. Warner, was deployed as a skirmish line, and captured
and sent in a number of horses. By eleven o'clock Charlestown
was reached without opposition.
The loyal people of West Virginia had on the 3d of that month
ratified a constitution which was soon to secure their admission
as a new State into the Federal Union, but there were no evi-
dences of loyalty in Charlestown that morning. Its closed houses
and deserted streets, and the few silent and sullen men who
showed themselves, as the troops appeared, revealed to the sol-
diers that they were in the enemy's country. Again the band
tuned up, and, coming into platoon front in lines so long that
files were broken to the rear, the detachment marched the full
length of the main street to some rising ground beyond the town,
on the right, on which the regiment came into line, formed
square, posted the two field pieces, and prepared dinner, that is
to say, each man boiled his cup of coffee, and toasted his slice of
bacon, eating it between two pieces of hard bread.
That same morning Brigadier General Charles S. Winder, of
Jackson's troops, left Winchester and moved toward Harper's
Ferry. He had the Fourth, Fifth, Twenty-seventh, and Thirty-
second Virginia Infantry, and Carpenter's and Poague's bat-
teries. Five miles west of Charlestown he heard that our troops
were occupying that point, and some additional regiments were
sent him from Ewell's command. With this force he cautiously
approached the town. Under cover of a woods a mile or more
away he divided his command, sending a concealed detach-
ment of infantry down on both our flanks, and bringing the re-
mainder with the batteries up in our front. Adjutant John A.
Boyle had gone forward with the cavalry to reconnoiter, and dis-
covered the enemy's advance. Word was quickly brought of the
presence and movements of the foe, and the regiment was called
into line. At the same moment Carpenter's battery, supported
by the Thirty-third Virginia, unlimbered at the edge of the
Soldiers True 31
woods a few hundred yards in front, and sent its shells over our
heads. His guns, which were in plain view, looked like sixty-four
pounders to our untrained eyes. Reynolds responded with his
two pieces, and for twenty minutes a lively little artillery duel
was on. A charge across the wide fields against the well-sup-
ported battery was not possible.
Colonel Schlaudecker, seeing at once that he could not cope
with the superior force that was coming against him, and fearing
that his retreat would be cut off by the flanking detachments,
ordered the regiment back by the left. It filed off in double time,
the enemy advancing his guns and their supports, and delivering
some of his solid shot down the main street of the town. The
citizens also took a hand in the niclce and discharged their shot-
guns into our ranks from their windows as we passed. The
second platoon of Company B, under Lieutenant Warner,
covered the retreat, and the cavalry helped to protect the
flanks and the rear. A shell struck a fence near one of the
vedettes and sent a rail flying end over end above his head.
Reynolds pluckily halted at intervals on high ground to deliver
a few shells, but the retreat was simply a foot race between the
enemy on our flanks and ourselves. Had these regiments been
able to close in on us they could have held us until those in the
rear came up, and our capture or destruction would have re-
sulted. The situation was explained to the men, who kept their
heads, and, while disencumbering themselves of some surplus
articles, they felt that they were executing a necessary but not a
dishonorable movement. They could have been brought into line
at any time by the word of command. Lieutenant Colonel Cob-
ham in his published letters says, "We kept at bay the whole
rebel force from Charlestown to Harper's Ferry, and retreated
in good order." General Saxton had heard the approaching fire
and sent out some reinforcements. These met us a short distance
from Bolivar Heights, and with them we marched in and re-
sumed our former position, the enemy ceasing his pursuit at
Halltown, three miles out. We lost two men wounded, Private
3
32 Soldiers True
John Coborii, of Company K, and Private John Hughes, of Com-
pany F, who have the distinction of being the first soldiers of
the regiment to shed their blood upon the field. The Third
Maryland Cavalry reported one captain and eight men captured.
" Tears as if our pickets is drove in," remarked one of the
men, with a wink, as ranks were broken.
"Picketsf" disdainfully exclaimed another. "The hull front
yard, watchdog and all, is drove in, and the door slammed !"
Two brigades were now on Bolivar Heights, Cooper's occupy-
ing the right of the Charlestown road and Slough's the left. On
the night of the 29th they were withdraw^n, Slough going into
position on an inner line on Camp Hill, and Cooper crossing the
river to Maryland Heights in support of the naval battery.
Artillery were also posted to command all the approaches to the
town. On the 30th Major Gardner, with the Fifth New York
Cavalry, two hundred sharpshooters and one gun, was sent out
to develop the enemy. A sharp skirmish ensued between this
force and Jackson's advance, in which grape was used. That
night a severe electrical storm centered over the camps, and in
the midst of it the enemy bombarded Bolivar Heights. Our
heavy Parrott ordnance replied. The cannonading continued for
an hour and was resumed at midnight. The w^ar of the elements
mingling with the explosion of the shells was weird and terrific.
We were sure an infantry assault would be attempted, and were
under arms all night, but none came, and in the morning the
enemy had vanished. On Saturday, the 31st, a reconnoissance
in force was made as far as Charlestown. One hour before its
arrival the enemy's rear guard had retreated up the valley, and
the troops, worn w'ith the operations of the week, returned to
their camps. General Saxton. in his report, highly commends
both of his brigades for their service by day and night through-
out what he styles the "siege," and Lieutenant Colonel Cobham
writes that he also personally complimented our regiment.
The next morning General Franz Sigel arrived, and on Mon-
day, June 2, he relieved Saxton from command and organized
Soldiers True 33
the troops into his Second Division of Banks's corps, designating
Cooper's forces as his First Brigade. This brigade consisted of
the One Hundred and Ninth and One Hundred and Eleventh
I'ennsylvania, the Sixtieth, Seventy-eighth, and One Hundred
and Second New York, the Third Maryland, and the Second Dis-
trict of Columbia Regiments.
These two weeks were not without their lessons to the regi-
ment. It had received its baptism of fire, and although the rite
had been performed by sprinkling and not by immersion, it had
shown the officers and men that they could stand under bursting
shells by day and lie in their midst at night without weakness,
and that they could obey orders and retire intact from a field on
which they were not permitted to engage the enemy. A serious
aggressive battle could scarcely have taught them more. They
were not quite proud of what had occurred. They felt, in fact,
that the Charlestown incident had afforded them no opportunity
whatever to prove their mettle. It was not a fight, but a mere
extrication from an unavoidable predicament. It amused them
nnich, and angered them a little, perhaps, but it caused them no
loss of self-respect, and more than ever the regiment believed
itself, man for man, equal to anything that could confront it, and
was increasingly anxious to be put to serious work. The officers
realized from the experience a deepened sense of personal re-
sponsibility, not for courage alone, but for tactical wisdom and
skill. They had learned that war was a test of brain as well as
of brawn, and a task that called for sustained intelligence and cool
judgment, no less than resolution, when battles are on. The
1)a]^tismal fire of Charlestown and Harper's Ferry had merely
tempered the regimental nerve.
34 Soldiers True
CHAPTER III
In Pope^s Campaigfn
OX May 31 President Lincoln telegraphed General McClel-
lan that Jackson, Ewell, and Edward Johnson were in
force in and about the Shenandoah valley, and that
Banks's new troops at Harper's Ferry were to cooperate in an
aggressive movement in that direction. Sigel at once assumed
command of this force, as has been stated, and on June 2 ordered
it forward. That evening his brigades marched from Bolivar
Heights through Charlestown and the next day reached Win-
chester, the distance of thirty miles being covered in a drenching
rain and over miry roads. There were ten regiments of infantry,
one of cavalry, and a battalion of artiller}-. Camp was made on
the ground of Banks's recent battle, which was found to be un-
sanitary and unhealthful. From this point the command was
moved a few miles further, via Aliddletown, to Kemstown, where
it remained for nearly two weeks. On the 17th it marched to
Cedar Creek, and two days later the whole corps was concen-
trated near Strasburg and Front Royal, Sigel's division being
stationed behind Cedar Creek. Colonel Schlaudecker was placed
in command of the brigade, and Lieutenant Colonel Cobham
assumed command of the regiment, and superintended the con-
struction of a new bridge across the stream. On the 26th the
division was thrown east of Strasburg to guard the Shenandoah
River east of Passage Creek : and on the 29th Sigel was relieved
to take command of the First Corps.
The Shenandoah valley, which resounded at intervals with the
clash of arms from early in the war until Sheridan's brilliant
victorv finally cleared it of the enemy in October, 1864, was
widely and justly famed for its beauty. The Blue Ridge runs
southwestwardly through Virginia from its northern to its south-
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General Thomas M. Walker
Soldi KRs True 37
era boundaries, like the left side of an equilateral triangle. iVlniost
exactly parallel with this lofty range, and from twenty to thirty
miles to the west of it, the Shenandoah and North Mountains
extend, and between these great walls lies a rich agricultural dis-
trict, the upper part of which is known as this historic valley.
Through it for more than one hundred miles the Shenandoah
River takes its course northward. Near the center the Massa-
nutten Mountain rises and for some thirty miles divides the val-
ley into two parts. The forks of the Shenandoah, flowing on
each side of this mountain, unite just above its northern extrem-
ity, and a few miles south of this junction Cedar Creek empties
into the North Fork not far from Sheridan's famous battlefield.
Strasburg lies on the western side of the valley, with Woodstock,
Mount Jackson, New Market, and Harrison1)urg well to the south,
while Front Royal is on the eastern side, across the Shenandoah,
between Manassas and Chester gaps in the Blue Ridge.
At the time the regiment was in this region the early summer
was at its full, and had its errand been one of peace a more pleas-
ant excursion could not have been desired. The high mountains
on either hand, softened and colored by the genial atmosphere,
the stately river with its timbered margins, the fine forests, the
rolling, well-worked, and still undevastated farm lands, the
blooming flowers, the quiet villages, and the firm, intersecting
roads formed a picture most fair. Good camping ground was
had, and wood and water w^ere abundant. Straggling and for-
aging were sternly discouraged, but in one instance at least dis-
cipline in this respect utterly broke down. It was the season of
cherries, and this luscious fruit hung ripe in the house lots and
orchards all along the way from Winchester to Strasburg. Tt
was simply impossible to keep the men from the trees. Tres-
passers were threatened and punished, and the surgeons declared
in alarm that the use of this fruit would put the whole command
in the hospital, but orders and warnings were unavailing. The
entire cherry erop of the Shenandoah valley was gathered that
year by Sigel's men, and found its w^' into haversack and mess
38 Soldiers True
pan. And, strange to say, the craving of nature vindicated itself
in defiance of medical advice. This agreeable addition to the
army ration proved very wholesome, and served to correct the
minor stomachic disorders that were prevalent.
The regiment was now fairly afield, and it was inevitable that
it should experience an unusual amount of hardship. The sea-
soning process which transforms recruits into soldiers is almost
as radical as that which transmutes hides into leather, and a first
campaign is always a severe test of physical stamina. Field
service takes the romance from the soldier's life as quickly as it
removes the polish from his buttons. It is discipline of the se-
verest possible sort, and means business every hour. The in-
fantryman is loaded with from forty to sixty pounds of arms,
accouterments, rations, and clothing. His toilet articles consist
of a small comb, a towel, a piece of soap, a folding tin looking-
glass, and possibly a toothbrush and hairbrush. He must con-
quer homesickness, a malady from which some die. He must be-
come inured to heat, cold, and storm in the open weather. He
is expected to be able to march on wet or dusty roads from fif-
teen to thirty miles per day, and to live on the field ration of hard
bread, cofifee, sugar, and salt pork or beef, which he cooks as he
can for himself or consumes it as it is issued. He must learn
to endure hunger and thirst without complaint. He must march
with blistered and raw feet until these important extremities at-
tain a hornlike hardness. He must learn to have his rest broken
at night by picket duty, and by intrenching and marching, and
to make up his lost repose when and how he can by day. He
must endure certain forms of disease without leaving the ranks
that would put him to bed in civil life. And after and beyond
all else he must be ready anywhere and at any moment to do
the one thing for which he has entered the field, that is, to fight
battles. He never knows, when he is called to arms, where he is
going or what he is to do. His time, his energy, his life are in
his commander's hands. It is the severest physical training that
men can undergo, and its hardships and its heroism cannot be
Soldiers True 39
described. Men of the lymphatic temperament rarely endure it ;
those having tendencies to vital organic weakness quickly re-
tire from it or die ; and a full year's time is required even for
the strong and vigorous to become toughened and fit for the
rough and exhausting life. But the men who do not break down
become athletes. Their faces are bronzed and hard, their muscles
are like steel, and their nerve is indomitable. Their spirits are
gay, and they sing their songs and crack their jokes under the
most disheartening and grewsome circumstances. The elements
seem to have no effect upon their health. They march or camp
in scorching heat or soaking rain or freezing sleet with the same
grim strength. Wounds themselves lose much of their effect,
and it is a fact that in the later years of the war hundreds of
men recovered easily from injuries that would, in their unsea-
soned period, have been mortal, while lighter injuries, that once
would have been thought serious, were scarcely noticed, and some-
times were not even reported. Every soldier that remained in
the field learned to bear the strain with the minimum of food and
care. He became, of necessity, not only an expert soldier, but
in some degree a cook, a cobbler, a launderer, and a tailor.
The command was now in this process of transformation. In
addition to the usual collapses and severe intestinal disorders
that always attend an initial campaign, an outbreak of intermit-
tent and typhoid fevers prevailed. Colonel Schlaudecker was
invalided. Lieutenant Colonel Cobham was stricken with typhoid
in July, and was absent from the field for three months. As-
sistant Surgeon John Nicholson died on July 16, at Little Wash-
ington, Va. Second Lieutenant Philetus D. Fowler was dis-
charged for disability on July 20, and thirty-nine enlisted men
died* and fifty-seven were discharged for disease during the sum-
"Company A, Privates Charles Arrance, Alexandria, September 3; Austin Ferris,
Winchester, August 10; William Hess, Kernstown, June 28; Ames H. Maftison,
Front Royal, July 16. Company B, Musician Phineas Burnham, Alexandria, July 18;
Private Hollis Streeter, Fort McHenry, Baltimore, July 11. Company C, Privates
Montgomery Kinter, Frederick, July 10; Henry Oster, Front Royal, July 8; Gott-
leib Pfaff, Baltimore, June 23; Samuel B. Pherrin, Winchester, July 14; Baldis Reig-
hart. Winchester, July 5. Company D, Privates Arthur Bartch, Winchester, July 8;
40
Soldiers True
mer, an aggregate loss of ninety-eight, or fully ten per cent of
the regimental strength. In addition to this, there were several
hundred others, among them a considerable number of line offi-
cers, temporarily absent in the hospitals. A fortunate combina-
tion of circumstances saved the life of one of these young officers
this summer. For a month he had remained on duty battling
Capia:r. G. H. F. Ferguson
with t}phoid fever, but on August 28 he fell unconscious in the
ranks. The regimental surgeon ordered him to Washington,
z'ia ^lanassas. But Stonewall Jackson reached that point first
Francis S. Bro-wn, Winchester, July 30; Reuben Clark, Front Royal, July 11; Ver-
non F. Cad3-, Washington, D. C, July 29; Peter Lind, Alexandria, September 15;
Levi 3>{arsh, Alexandria, July 23; Edgar Smith, Alexandria, August 6. Company
E, Privates James W. Birch, Baltimore, July 19; James Coon. Baltimore, June 17;
Stephen G. Rowland, Kemstown, July z; Jacob Smock, Winchester, July 6. Com-
pany F, Private Daniel Hoskins, Jul}' 20; Benjamin N. Lewis, July 15; Holland
Parsons, July 20; Jacob Pfannkuch, Julj' 27. Company G, Privates Cyrus McMichael,
Baltimore, Julj- 18; Robert McKay, Warrenfon, July 24; John P. Thomas, W^ashington,
D. C. August 31. Company H, Privates John C. Larkham, Alexandria, July 27;
Lawrence Miller, Alexandria, August 7; Harrison G. Terrill. Little Washington, July
29. Company I, Private David Hawkins, Winchester, July 28. Company K, Sergeant
Israel Gibson, Frederick, July 16; Privates John A. De Coff, accidentally killed, Win-
chester, June 28; Uriah Taylor, Little Washington, August 6; Barney Young, Little
Washington, August 29,
Soldiers True 41
and stopped the railroad trains. The sick man, more dead than
aHve, was helped into an ami}' wagon which was starting to
Alexandria loaded with two pieces of dismounted artillery. The
canvas cover of the wagon had a hole ripped in its side, and as
the vehicle was hurried to the rear it passed another wagon going
toward Manassas. The second wagon contained the sick man's
brother, who in a fleeting glance saw him through the aperture
in the cover, and joined him. Together they reached Washing-
ton, and the patient was sent to a private house on Maryland
Avenue which the patriotic inma^tes, who were poor_ people, had
thrown open to sick or wounded officers. Here the younger
brother wrote a note to a distant relative in the city explaining
the situation and asking him to call. It happened that the father
of these boys, an officer in the regiment, had been taken prisoner
at Cedar Mountain, and was at that time in Libby Prison. Their
mother had determined to get to Richmond to do what she could
for his comfort, as he was not a robust man. Slie was at this
relative's house when her son's letter arrived, arranging to be
passed through the Union lines, and in this way she found the
almost dying young officer, and, abandoning her plan, nursed
him back to health, at the home of this kind friend.
From about July 20 Major Walker was the only field officer
present, and he commanded the regiment with signal ability untd
late in the following October.
On June 26 the three corps operating in this part of the State
were organized into the Army of Mrginia. Fremont was relieved
by Sigel, and Major General John Pope was placed in command
of the new army. Two weeks later Halleck was created general-
in-chief of all the armies of the United States. Pope was at that
time forty years of age. and had been in successful command in
the West, especially in his capture of Island Number Ten on the
Mississippi River. He was a man of sanguine temperament,
rather short in stature, and strongly formed, and he took his new
command with confidence and hope. His plan was to move in
force toward Gordonsville and Charlotteville to cut off anv of
42 Soldiers True
the enemy who might again attempt to penetrate the Shenandoah
valley, and at the same time to prevent concentration in front of
Washington. He issued severe orders against disloyal noncom-
batants within his lines, requiring them to take the oath of alle-
giance or to be deported South, and threatened to treat as spies
any who, being thus expelled, should thereafter be found within
the area of his command. He also addressed his troops in or-
ders expressing confident assurances of an aggressive and vic-
torious campaign. Satisfied that the enemy had left the valley,
he proposed to place his army east of the Blue Ridge on a line
facing southwest and reaching from Sperryville on his right
through Culpeper Court House to Fredericksburg on the left.
His cavalry covered his front from the mountains to Fredericks-
burg. In the three corps nearly forty-seven thousand men had
reported to him. Sigel with the First was to cross the Shenan-
doah, pass Manassas Gap, and march down to Sperryville. Banks
was ordered to follow and take position on Sigel's left, and Mc-
Dowell was directed to place Rickett's division at Warrenton
bridge, where the turnpike of that name crosses the Rappahan-
nock, and to leave King's division on the extreme left at Fred-
ericksburg, where it was already posted.
On July 5 Cooper's brigade, which was still attached to
Banks's corps, reached Front Royal, where General Cooper was
accidentally disabled and left the field. On the nth it was at
\\'arrenton. At four o'clock on the morning of the 19th it reached
Gaines crossroads, and the next day it encamped one mile from
Washington and six from Sperr}'\nlle. Brigadier General C. C.
Augur had assumed command of the division, which consisted of
three brigades under Brigadier Generals Geary, Prince, and
Greene. The Second Brigade under Prince, contained the One
Hundred and Xinth and One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsyl-
vania, the Third Maryland, a battalion of the Eighth and Twelfth
regulars, and Robinson's Fourth ]\Iaine Batter}-. On August 6
the division marched for Culpeper Court House via Woodstock,
crossing Hazel River, and arrived at the Court House late on the
Soldiers True 43
evening of the 8th, General I'ope reacliing there in person on the
same day. At noon on Saturday, August 9, the command was
moved southward on the Orange Court House road six miles,
where it was halted in a woods on the left of the road, and was
informed that it was about to meet the enemy.
Meanwhile Lee, taking advantage of McClellan's inactivity at
Harrison's Landing, had sent Jackson with his own and Ewell's
and A. P. Hill's divisions and Stuart's and Robertson's cavalry
to Gordonsville, and these forces had advanced toward Pope's
center at Culpeper. Eight miles south of this county seat is
Slaughter Mountain, a height lofty enough to be a landmark,
with a small creek known as Cedar Run flowing near its base,
and here the enemy was found in force. Crawford's brigade
had reached the ground the previous evening, and Banks was
ordered to move up to him and check the enemy. Augur
promptly posted his division on Crawford's left, in two lines, his
right on the Orange Court House road, and his left extending
tow^ard Slaughter (or Cedar) Mountain. Knap's battery was
stationed near his center, with McGilvery's on the extreme left
and Robinson's between the two. The ground in front was as-
cending, but mostly open and covered with high corn, and on the
right of the Orange road was a thick woods one fourth of a
mile in extent, behind which the left of the enemy's infantry w^as
massed. The mountain rose on the left. Prince's brigade passed
through the woods in which it had halted, and down the creek,
where it came into line under a sharp artillery fire, and awaited
orders.
Captain Pitcher's battalion of regulars and the One Hundred
and Eleventh Pennsylvania stood side by side, and the captain
addressed his command, stating that it was about to meet the
enemy in battle for the first time, and that it was in the presence
of volunteer troops, and that every man should set a regular sol-
dier's example to these men. The brave speech was plainly
heard by our command. ]\Iajor Walker instantly called the
regiment to attention, and said :
44 Soldiers True
Men of the One Hundred and Eleventh : You have heard Captain
Pitcher's soldierly words to his battalion. I want to say to you as you go
into this fight, that as they remember they are regulars, so you are to re-
member that you are volunteers^ and while you can load and fire a musket
you must not allow regular soldiers, the enemy, or anyone else to outfight
you ! Do you hear ?
In the meantime under Aug^ur's orders Pitcher's battaHon
was deployed as skirmishers along the whole division front, and
their gallant movements in the open ground received the official
praise of the enemy. Under a heavy artillery fire Williams's First
Division moved forward, and Augur, ordering his batteries to
cease firing, sent his men in, and Geary was at once hotly en-
gaged. Greene was left in support of McGilvery's battery. Prince
aligned himself to Geary, on the latter's left, in two lines, and
moved forward over a low ridge, a parallel road, and across a
ditch into the cornfield, beyond which on higher ground stood
the enemy's infantry line, consisting of Winder's division and
Early's brigade of Jackson's corps. The brigade was received
with a storm of bullets. The One Hundred and Eleventh Penn-
sylvania and the Third Maryland were in the first line, and they
continued to advance, firing, until within close range, where they
stood in unprotected line and delivered a deliberate and continued
fire. The standing corn about them was cut down as with knives.
The batteries on both sides were in hot practice, and the roll of
musketry was incessant. The enemy, however, were in much
greater force, and after a time found a wav around our left flank,
and poured a destructive fire in from a point somewhat in the
rear. General Prince describes it as "a converging fire of full
thirty degrees." The second line was ordered up and placed
cii echelon, one hundred paces in rear of the front. It was cau-
tioned to fire to the left and to clear our line, but it poured a vol-
ley into the ranks of the Third Maryland Regiment which broke
that command to the rear. The One Hundred and Eleventh was
thus left alone, and finding the firing on the right declining, and
being unable to hold the entire line of the enemy unsupported, it
slowly retired over the crest of the hill to the crossroad in the
Soldiers True 45
rear, and then rallied on the Third Maryland. Meanwhile Gen-
erals Augur and Geary had heen wounded, and General Prince
was in command of the division. As the fire of the First Division
slackened Prince rode, unattended even by an orderly, through
the cornfield to ascertain the cause, and coming to a place where
the stalks still remained his horse was seized by the bridle and
he found himself in the enemy's hands. lie had been captured
by Private John M. Booker, of the Twenty-third Virginia, one
of Taliaferro's men, whose lines had advanced to that point.
It was now scven-forty-five o'clock. The hot afternoon had
given way to dusk, and the clear, full moon appeared in the east.
At times Jackson's troops had been thrown into disorder, but
A. P. Hill had reinforced him, and Banks's weak corps was over-
mastered. Unsupported by troops that were within easy call and
that heard the sound of battle at Culpeper, where the headquar-
ters of the commanding general were, and outflanked, the in-
fantry line of the division retired, and re-formed in the woods
from which they had emerged at the beginning of the battle,
when they met Rickett's division coming to their aid. The bri-
gade lost four hundred and fifty-two, the division nine hundred
and forty-six, and the corps twenty-three hundred and eighty-
one men. The regimental loss was nine men killed, one officer. Lieu-
tenant Jesse Moore, and seventy-one men woimded, and Adju-
tant John A. Boyle and eight men captured, a total of ninety.*
*Killed: Company B, JPrivate William McClellan. Company C, Corporal E. V. Sedg-
wick, Private Henry Murray. Company D, First Sergeant James '1'. Sliutt, Corporal
James S. Newcomb. Company E, Privates Henry J. Bolster, Patrick Tierney. Com-
pany F, Private Commo. P. Varney. Company K, Private William Shervin.
fFounrfed; Company A, Privates John G. Bradley, Marion Day (died at Baltimore,
September i6, 1862), Tyrus Goodwin, Milo Gross, Washington Huckelberry (died at
Alexandria, October 9, 1862), John W. Lilly (died), Anthony Malvin, Charles S.
Reynolds, Jefferson Triscuit (disch. January 7, 1863), Welder E. Walding, William H.
Walling. Company B, Corporal Edward A. Young, Privates Charles Lobdell, Silas
Shay (died), John T. Watson. Company C, Corporal Jacob Futter, Privates William
Brindle, Joseph Batcman (died), John Estelle, William H. Martin, Charles P.
Scott, V. H. Smith, William B. Werntz. Company D, Sergeant Calvin II. Blanchard,
Corporal Warren Mann, Privates Stephen Baker, Joel R. Gardner, Charles Hultberg,
Matthias Stonaker, Henry Ziegler. Company E, Sergeant Elias A. Wood (died at
Fairfax .Seminary, September i, 1862), Privates Hiram P. Boyd, Silas C. Camp,
Sylvester Gehr (disch. December 20, 1862), Henry C. Hites, Benjamin J. Matti.son,
Jacob N. Miller, Jacob J. Peiffer, George W. Quiggle (disch. December 20, 1862), Ran-
46
Soldiers True
The enemy reported a loss of twelve hundred and seventy-six,
including Brigadier General Charles S. Winder, whom we had
encountered at Charlestown and who is described as Jackson's
"most promising brigadier." Adjutant Boyle was captured as
the regiment was retiring from the cornfield. A shell passed
within a few inches of his left side. Its concussion threw him
down and took his breath, and before he could arise the enemy's
advance was upon him. He was taken to Libby Prison, in Rich-
Surgeon James L. Dunn
mond, Vv'here he passed forty-four days, when he was paroled and
sent to Annapolis. He rejoined the regiment in December. A
peculiar fact in the regiment's experience on this day was that
Company G reported no casualties.
som T. Sikes. Company F, Sergeant Robert Gough, Sergeant Alexander T. Dickson,
Sergeant David Martz, Corporal Christian Atkinson (died August 28, 1862), Privates
George Bogue (died August 12, 1862), Henry H. Bemis, John Hughes, John Kane
(disch. October 28, 1862), Morgan Melleck (died August 2y, 1862), George Rogers
(disch. December 8, 1862), Powell Rockwell, William Southard. Company H, Sergeant
.\bram W. Higernell, Privates Jerrold Fox, Samuel Hagel. John Moritz (loss of
leg, died at Culpeper Court House, August 13, 1862), Michael McCanver, Hiram
Prussia, Albert M. Walton, Manley B. Warner (died August 15, 1862). Company 1,
Corporals Jacob Moyer (died September 2, 1862), Benjamin F. Ross, Adolphus Teel,
Privates William Braden, Samuel Davis, G. Schreckengost, Michael Schlager. Com-
pany K, Corporal William Brooks, Privates Joseph George, Frederick Reaver (died
September 5, 1862).
Soldiers True 47
Thus ended the engagement that is known to us as the battle
of Cedar (but which is more accurately Slaughter) Mountain.
It was gallantly fought, but was lost by what appears an unac-
countable lack of support. Pope was personally near the field,
and he could have crushed Jackson if he had employed his avail-
able forces. But he had in fact already permitted his real oppor-
tunity to escape him. The time that he had allowed to elapse in
the concentration of his army and in the indecisive movements
of July was fatal to his aggressive plans. By the 15th of August
Longstreet with twelve brigades had been sent by rail from the
peninsula to Gordonsville, and on the same day Lee joined him
at that point, and ordered a movement that was intended to in-
terpose between Pope's left and any reinforcements that might
be sent to him from McClcllan. And so began that series of
operations in the valley of the Rappahannock and east of it that
were once more to bring all the troops that were in the field in
Virginia, on both sides, face to face.
Seeing that the bulk of Lee's army was in his front Poi>e be-
gan his retrograde movement. McClellan's corps were sent
promptly to his assistance. Burnside, wath the Ninth, was already
at Acquia Creek, Cox was ordered from western Virginia, and the
peninsula troops were soon cii route. On August 18 the Army of
Virginia was ordered across the Rappahannock, Sigel by way of
the Sulphur Springs Ford ten miles above the railroad. Banks
at the railroad crossing, and McDowell at Barnett's Ford below.
Banks's corps was scarcely seven thousand strong. It marched
from Culpeper at night, and on the 19th the whole army and its
trains were across and the troops in position guarding the fords.
Lee was at Raccoon Ford, on the Rapidan, and his army, between
that point and Orange Court House, was marching toward the
•Rappahannock. Halleck complained to Pope that military news
was being betrayed, and ordered him to remove all newspaper
correspondents from the army, to halt all mail matter proceeding
from his camps, and to permit no telegrams to be sent except by
himself. The same day Williams, who was temporarily in com-
4
48
Soldiers True
mand of Banks's corps, was moved down the river to McDowell's
left.
On the 2 1 St a heavy skirmish took place near Rappahannock
Station, on the west side of the river. A reconnoissance was
made as far as Stevensburg. where a sharp encounter was had
with Longstreet. Auger's division, now under Greene, was in
line in a woods just south of the railroad, from which this skir-
mish was visible. These woods were heavily shelled by the ene-
E. M. Boyle
my's batteries posted on the west side, but without casualties to
our command. That night and on the following day heavy rains
occurred wdiich swelled the river bank full, and Lee's army, which
had arrived, found a freshet across its path. The Confederate
cavalryman, Stuart, had, however, crossed the river at Waterloo
and Hunt's ]\lill and dashed in with fifteen hundred men upon
Catlett's Station, near which were Pope's headquarters. He
burglarized the general's tent, in the latter's absence, and carried
aw^ay his coat and hat, which he exhibited in great glee among
his soldiers. But this reprisal did not compensate for Pope's cap-
Soldiers True 49
ture of that officer's assistant adjutant general at N'erdierville a
few days before, with dispatches announcing the forward move-
ment of Lee's army.
Stuart's raid on Catlett's Station came near making trouble
for our regimental chaplain and the youngest member of the regi-
ment. Chaplain Williams and E. M. Boyle, the adjutant's young
son, a lad only sixteen years of age who was not yet enlisted, but
was with the command as a volunteer orderly at headquarters,
were with the wagon train at that point, and on the approach of
Stuart's cavalry in the evening escaped to an adjacent woods.
These woods were ridden over by Stuart's troopers, but the tw^o
fugitives hid themselves under prostrate trees, and although the
chaplain became separated from his young companion during
the stormy night both eluded the enemy and came into camp
the next morning.
On the 23d Jackson made an unsuccessful attempt to effect a
permanent lodgment on the east side at Sulphur Springs, but on
the 25th, supported by Stuart, he crossed and passed through
Thoroughfare Gap in the Bull Run Mountains to Gainesville and
Bristoe Station, reaching the latter point, after a march of thirty
miles, on the evening of the 26th, and that night sent a detach-
ment seven miles farther to Manassas Junction, to destroy the
stores and track at that depot, thus flanking Pope's line by the
right. On the 24th Banks's corps was ordered to Bealeton and
Bristoe, and on the 26th it was near Warrenton on the road lead-
ing to Sulphur Springs and Fayetteville. The following day,
the 27th, Pope reported the enemy at White Plains, and an-
nounced that, his position being no longer tenable, he would re-
tire to Manassas Junction. On the 27th Banks was at Warren-
ton Junction guarding the railroad trains, and from this date he
was charged with the protection of these trains and the wagons.
With them his corps, numbering scarcely five thousand men for
duty, fell backward to Centerville. arriving there on the 30th,
and from thence to Washington.
The second battle of Bull Run was fought on Thursday, the
50 Soldiers True
28th, and that of Chantilly on Monday, September i, but Banks
was not engaged. His march, however, after crossing the Rap-
pahannock had been severe and exhausting. On the 22d he had
moved from the railroad crossing up the river to Beverly Ford
and onward toward Sulphur Springs. On the 24th he marched
to Waterloo, and was ordered to retiirn to Rappahannock Sta-
tion. The night of the 26th was spent on the road. On the 27th
he was at Warrenton Junction. On the 28th he was at Kettle
Run, near the junction. From thence he passed Bull Run to
Centerville, and then, after breaking up the depot at Fairfax
Court House, he proceeded by the Braddock road and Annan-
dale to Fort Worth, Washington. The weather, with the excep-
tion of the storm referred to, was oppressively hot. The roads
were deep with powdered dust. Water was scarce and foul, and
at times unobtainable. The tongues of the men in some in-
stances swelled, and their parched lips cracked, from thirst. They
chewed bullets, when their tobacco was gone, to excite the sali-
vary' secretions. They were well-nigh choked with the dust
clouds raised by the marching troops, the artillery, and the wagon
trains. They were marched by day and night. At times, as at
the battle of Second Bull Run, they were without food. Many
of them were ill with dysentery and low fevers. And so worn
did they become that on the night marches, as momentary halts
were made, they dropped in their tracks as one man, overcome
with weariness and loss of sleep, and the officers were obliged to
rouse them man by man as the column moved on again. No man
who made the march with Pope from Culpeper to Washington
ever forgot the experience.
With the unfortunate controversies to which this campaign
gave rise this volume need have nothing to do. Whether Pope
was simply overmatched by Lee, or whether some of his corps
commanders were incompetent and others failed to cooperate
faithfully with him, as he bitterly alleged, will not here be dis-
cussed. Suffice it to say that the Union general's task proved too
great for him, and that the darkest hour that the nation saw
Soldiers True 51
during the civil war was the return of our armies in Virginia
to the defenses of Washington, under the orders of the general-
in-chief, on September 2, 1862.
The losses in the campaign under Pope were fourteen thou-
sand four hundred and sixty-two, of whom four thousand one
hundred and fifty-seven had been captured.
52 Soldiers True
CHAPTER IV
Antietam
ON September 5, 1862, Pope was relieved from command of
the Army of \'irginia, and that organization, as such,
passed out of existence. An order of the War Department
dated the 2d had placed McClellan in command of "all the troops
for the defense of the capital," and on the 5th he was verbally
directed to assume command of the entire force about Washing-
ton, "without regard to departmental lines." Thus the national
troops that had been operating in Virginia once more constituted
the Army of the Potomac with McClellan again at their head.
The three corps that had been under Pope were, by order,
designated the" First. Eleventh, and Twelfth Corps respectively.
By the end of the first week in September it was definitely
known that Lee's army was crossing the Potomac into Maryland
by the fords near Leesburg, and all fears of an attack upon the
capital vanished. Banks was left in command of the defenses of
Washington, and McClellan put his army in motion in pursuit of
Lee. It consisted of the First Corps under Hooker, the Second
under Sumner, one division of the Fourth under Couch, the Fifth
under Porter, the Sixth under Franklin, the Ninth under Burn-
side, the Twelfth under Williams, and five brigades of cavalry
under Pleasonton, with artillery attached to the various divisions,
in all fifty-five brigades and about eighty-seven thousand men.
Lee had two large and compact corps under Longstreet and
Jackson, and a division of cavalry under Stuart, a total of thirty-
seven brigades containing some sixty thousand men, whose ef-
fective numbers were said to have been reduced one third by
straggling and desertion.
Under the reorganization of the army Greene's division of
Banks's corps became the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps,
SoLuiiiKS True 53
and continued as such until the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were
consolidated as the Twentieth in 1864. The One Hundred and
Eleventh Pennsylvania remained in it throughout the entire
period of its existence.
While near Washington Major Walker, who was still in com-
mand of the regiment owing to the illness and absence of the
other two field officers, by an earnest personal appeal to the
Secretary of War, had secured to the regiment a new issue of
arms. The Belgian nntskets had proved inferior, and our men
had lost confidence in them, and these were now replaced with
the Enfield rifled muskets, which proved a great improvement and
which were continued in service until the next spring, when the
new Springfield arms took their place.
On September 3 the corps was ordered to Tenallylown. On
the 6th it reached Rockville, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
On the 9th it made an easy march directly northward to Middle-
brook, and the next day, still moving north, it was at Damascus.
From this point it proceeded on a road extending northwest to
Ijamsville Crossroads, arriving on the 12th, and the day there-
after it encamped in Frederick, with the whole army within sup-
porting distance. The marches had been short, the weather
though warm was pleasant, and the men felt rested and were in
good spirits.
On this day, September 13, a peculiar and surprising piece of
good fortune befell General McClcllan. A copy of an order
issued by General Lee on the 9th. directing the movements of his
army, fell by an unexplained accident into the Union com-
mander's hands. This especial cojiy of the order was sent by
Jackson to D. H. Hill, but it never reached him. Our corps came
into Frederick on the day that the enemy left the town and partly
occupied his camps. This important paper was found by a sol-
dier of the Twenty-seventh Indiana Regiment, of the Third Bri-
gade, First Division of the Twelfth Corps, and by Colonel Silas
Colgrove, of that regiment, it was instantly turned over to Mc-
Clellan. who was thus placed in possession of the most valuable
54 Soldiers True
information that could have come to him at that moment. The
position and plan of the eneni}- were fully revealed to him. And
so it came to pass for a second time that summer that Lee's con-
fidential order to his subordinates was delivered to his antagonist.
By this order McClellan was advised that Jackson on the loth
had marched for Sharpsburg and across the Potomac to Martins-
burg, where he was to destroy the railroad and intercept the gar-
rison at Harper's Ferry if it should escape and attempt to join
the Army of the Potomac; that McLaws, R. H. Anderson, and
Walker were to attack and if possible to capture Harper's Ferry
(which they did) ; that Longstreet was at Boonsboro with
the trains ; and that after Jackson's raid he was to return to Lee
at Boonsboro or Hagerstown, where concentration was to be
had. Lee's plan of campaign was, as usual, skillful, but it was
unusually audacious. His invasion of Maryland was a political
as well as a military movement. In the belief that he could cer-
tainly overthrow the Army of the Potomac in battle, he had, on
September 8, addressed a letter to the Confederate president urg-
ing upon his government the propriety of publicly demanding
the recognition of the independence of the Confederacy, on the
ground that the war for the LTnion was a failure, and that such a
demand would unfavorably influence the approaching elections
in the North. He no doubt was convinced that a successful battle
on ]\Iaryland soil together with such a proclamation would end
the war in favor of the South. But the finding of the "lost order"
was the first step toward his disillusion.
McClellan acted promptly upon the advantage he had gained,
and on the very next day brought that part of Lee's army that
was at hand to battle at South Mountain. He sent Franklin and
Couch to Burkittsville, at the foot of Crampton's Pass, and his
remaining corps to Middletown, near Turner's Pass, some six
miles farther north. Franklin was expected to seize and cross
the mountain at Crampton's Pass and cut ofT Jackson's forces,
w^hile Lee was to be met and beaten at Turner's. Franklin cap-
tured the pass after a sharp engagement in which he lost five
Soldiers True 55
Iiuiulrcd and tliiiiy-tlirce men, but was halted at night by Mc-
Laws a mile or so south of the mountain. Meantime Lee had
determined to resist the passage of McClellan's main body at
Turner's Pass. He called Longstreet into consultation on the
evening of the 13th, and was advised that it would be better to
return to the Sharpsburg Heights, beyond the Antietam, and give
battle there; but he was unyielding. And so it was ordained
that on Sunday, September 14, his invasion was to be checked
by the disastrous battle that took place upon the rugged and
precipitous flanks and on the crest of South Mountain, and the
victorious Army of the Potomac was to place itself west of the
Blue Ridge. This engagement was fought by the right wing of
our army under Burnside, consisting of the First and Ninth
Corps under Hooker and Reno, and Cox's Kanawha division, and
was a decided victory for the Union arms. The total losses were
one thousand eight hundred and thirteen, among the killed being
the gallant and efficient commander of the Ninth Corps, Major
General Jesse L. Reno. The Twelfth Corps, which thus far in
the campaign had been under Brigadier General A. S. Williams,
of its First Division, was not engaged. On the morning of the
15th Major General Joseph K. F. Mansfield assumed its com-
mand, a post he was to hold for Init two days only, when he was
to yield up his life on a far more sanguinary field than South
Mountain. Early on that day the pursuit of the retiring enemy
was begun by the cavalry and the corps of Sumner, Hooker, and
Mansfield toward Boonsboro. The remaining corps, keeping
close to Franklin, moved toward Sharpsburg. On the i6th the
army found Lee in strong position on the Sharpsburg Heights,
which extend north and south between Antietam Creek and the
Potomac River.
The field that was to become historic on Wednesday, September
17, 1862, is in Washington County, northwestern Maryland. It
lies in a beautiful country, a few miles above Harper's Ferry,
where the Blue Ridge is pierced by the noble Potomac. These
fine mountains wall it in on the east. Parallel with them on the
56 Soldiers True
west from Harper's Ferry to Boonsboro is a range of hills known
as Elk Ridge, and between these highlands is the narrow and
fertile Pleasant Valley. On the west of the latter range is the
bed of the long, sinuous, and placid Antietam Creek, which flows
nearly southward from the borders of Pennsylvania and is de-
flected westward into the Potomac a few miles south of the bat-
tlefield. Hagerstown is twenty miles northward, and the great
river, which describes a deep rearward bend at this point, lies
two or three miles to the west, and directly behind the scene of
operation. The village of Sharpsburg occupies a perpendicular
line with the bend in the river, and is midway between its curves.
The Antietam Creek winds its way some distance to the east of
the town and its outlying suburbs. It is spanned by four bridges
and is fordable at intervals. From Sharpsburg extending almost
directly north is the Hagerstown turnpike, and to the northeast
the Boonsboro road stretches away. A high and somewhat
rugged ridge marks the southern and eastern front of the town,
which is known as the Sharpsburg Heights, and a series of lime-
stone crests break the country into other ridges toward the north.
Hills also line the banks of the creek and afford positions for ar-
tillery. Between these undulations and upon them are well-tilled
fields, orchards, and farm houses, with intermingling woodland ;
and one and one half miles north of the village on the left or
west of the Hagerstown turnpike, at the time of the battle, stood
a white brick Dunker church, flanked on the north, west, and
south by a woods that marked the crest of a hill and hid a broken
and rocky soil.
Lee had posted his army on the high ground south, east, and
north of the village, his right resting on the creek near what is
known as the Burnside bridge. His front was three miles in
length, and, crossing the Hagerstown pike near the Dunker
church, bent backward, like the end of a whip, toward the river.
Longstreet held the right, and part of the left center of the line,
and Jackson, who had marched from Harper's Ferry with all his
troops except A. P. Hill's division, was on the left, supported by
Soldiers True 57
the cavalry. The Confederate front was practically from the
river above to the river below. The position was strong for
defense, but it was a ciil-dc-sac in case of disastrous defeat, for
the wide and deep Potomac was dangerously close at the rear.
McClellan brought his troops into position on the east of the
creek, with Hooker, Sumner, and Mansfield on the right, Frank-
lin and Porter nearer its center, and Burnside on the left.
On the afternoon of the i6th Hooker was ordered to ford the
Antietam from the vicinity of Keedysville to turn the enemy's
left, and severely engaged a part of Longstreet's corps under
Hood without seriously disturbing the enemy's line, although the
contest was continued with great determination until after dark.
About nine o'clock rain began to fall, all firing ceased, and the
armed gladiators, who were so soon to spring again at each other,
sank down in their damp bivouacs to snatch a few hours' repose.
The Twelfth Corps, meanwhile, was ordered to Hooker's sup-
port, and its two decimated divisions kept up their weary march
through the rain on the Boonsboro turnpike to Keedysville. They
crossed the creek after midnight and about two o'clock in the
morning halted near the farm of J. Pofifenberger, about one and
one half miles in rear of Hooker's position, facing Lee's left
center. Formed in closed column of companies the regiments
spread their damp blankets on the soaked ground and extracted
such comfort as they could from their hard tack and water, be-
fore sinking into the forgetfulness of exhaustion. Our brigade,
commanded by Colonel Henry J. Stainrook, consisted of the One
Himdred and Eleventh Pennsylvania, the One Hundred and Sec-
ond New York, the Third Maryland, and the One Hundred and
Ninth Pennsylvania, the latter being absent on detached service.
At daylight the corps was aroused by picket firing on its front.
and, forming in column of companies closed in mass, moved
toward the firing line without breakfast, General Mansfield lead-
ing it in person. The First Division, under Crawford, was in the
advance and deployed under fire into line of battle on the right.
Greene's Second Division, quickly following, came in on the left,
58 Soldiers True
also under fire, and as these dispositions were making General
Mansfield fell mortally wounded. It was six-thirty o'clock, and
just before the march began an effort was made to prepare coffee,
but before it was ready the men were ordered into the ranks and
passed forward over plowed ground and through cornfields, to-
ward a w'oods from which the fire was Increasing. Greene had but
one thousand seven hundred men, and his First Brigade, under
Lieutenant Colonel Hector Tyndale, held his right, the Second
Brigade extending his line to the left. The Third Brigade was
detached. The Twentj'-eighth Pennsylvania of the First Brigade
and the One Hundred and Eleventh stood side by side throughout
the day, fighting, as Major Walker said in his report, "as one
man." The line advanced, firing, tow^ard the woods, broke the
enemy's line, and charged through the timber, capturing a number
of prisoners. Arriving at the farther edge of the woods, the enemy
were seen re-forming in a field just in front. Beyond this open
space, on a ridge, parallel to the battle line, was the Dunker
church on the Hagerstown pike, the rough ground and heavy
timber around it holding and concealing Hill's, Hood's, and Law-
ton's infantry of Longstreet's Corps. Jackson's right was in the
field between these lines and ourselves. His left was in deadly
conflict with Hooker, and along the whole of his and our front
the fighting was by this time terrific. Poffenberger's farm house
on our left front was in flames. The roar of the heavy batteries,
the scream and explosion of shells, and the sharp rattle of the
musketry fire enveloped the field and deafened the ear. But amid
it all the w^ord "forward"' was passed, and from the skirting of
the first woods the line moved again across the open, up the slope
and to the left of the church, the enemy giving way slowly, sul-
lenly, and steadily.
Reaching the brow of the hill, a halt was made, Hampton's bat-
ten.' galloped up. Knap and Cothran whirled their rifled guns
into position on our right, and the woods on the north of the
church were filled wdth bursting shells. An additional battery
of four Napoleon guns aided in the attack for a few^ minutes, but
Soldiers True
59
its aniiiiunitiuii was low and it was withdrawn. Soon from the
thick woods beyond the church a hnc of infantry charged for-
ward against Hampton's guns. They came on with a yell, but,
fixing bayonets with a celerity and coolness that marked the
veteran spirit of the men who defended that battery, our line
leaped up, rushed to the very axles of the cannon, and as the
latter poured forth their canister our rifles delivered a deadly fire
into the faces of the foe at less than fifty yards. It looked for a
Captain Arthur Corrigan
few minutes as if it would be a hand-to-hand struggle, but the
charging line lacked weight, and it disappeared. The aggression,
however, was quickly renewed on the right, and we faced and
closed up in that direction, and after some very heavy fighting
succeeded in discouraging it. As the enemy's fire slackened we
advanced for several hundred yards into the woods beyond the
pike and held our position there for nearly two hours. Jackson
and Hooker had fought each other to a standstill. Hooker was
wounded and carried from the field. Jackson withdrew nearly
all his troops for ammunition and rest. Stark, of his corps, was
6o Soldiers True
killed ; Lawton, Ripley, and Jones were wounded. Every one of
Colquitt's field officers was dead or disabled. One third of Law-
ton's, Trimble's, and Hays's brigades were killed or wounded,
and Hill's troops had suffered proportionately.* Lee's report
states that at the close of the battle Garnett's brigade had but
one hundred men, Evans could muster but one hundred and
twenty in his, while those of Lawton and Armistead combined
were barely six hundred strong.
Thus the day wore on. There were no intrenchments of any
kind. Artillery and infantry alike were unprotected. The lines
shifted slightly at times as opportunity for advantage was pre-
sented. \\'ithout nervousness or haste the men monotonously
loaded and discharged their pieces, and the officers walked back
and forth shouting orders or alertly watching the field. Every
moment men went down, some with wounds so slight that they
were unheeded, some to be disabled for life, and some to rise no
more. Throats were parched with thirst. Faces were blackened
with smoke, lips were smeared and cracked with the powder from
bitten cartridges. The gims were so hot that their brass bands
were discolored. Belts sagged loosely over empty stomachs.
Hands were swollen with the incessant use of the ramrod.
Shoulders were lamed by the recoil of the pieces. But only the
spirit of battle was behind the resolute jaws and the blazing eyes
of that battalion of western Pennsylvanians. ]Major Walker
watched them with admiration and was proud of them. He was
not given to praise, but in his report he complimented Acting
Adjutant Kingsbury and Lieutenant Woeltge by name and com-
mended every other officer for bravery. He might have included
ever}- enlisted man also on his roll of honor, for each performed
his full duty, and by his conduct challenged his commander's
judgment. Xoon came and went, but there was no lull in the
storm. Hampton's battery had fired two hundred and seventeen
rounds of ammunition. Our regiment had expended one hun-
dred and twenty rounds per man. Our colors were pierced by
•Longstreet's From Manassas to Appomattox, p. 243.
Sor.DiERS True 6i
t\vciil}-tivc iK'w bulk't lujlcs. 'Jlie color sergeant was wounded,
and l*\)ust, who was to carry the Hag from this day until January,
1865, took his place. Captain Corrigan, of Company B, had been
killed ill the first open field. Captain Peter S. Bancroft, of Com-
pany E, was so desperately wounded during the charge on the
battery that the humerus was disarticulated at his right shoulder,
and a section of it removed. Major Walker, Captain Frank Wag-
ner and First Lieutenant Charles Woeltge, of Company I, and
Lieutenants M. H. Todd, of Company A, George Selkregg, of
Company F, Joseph Cronenberger, of Company G, and Albert E.
Black, of Company K, were wounded. Twenty-three enlisted men
were killed, among them Jacob N. Miller, of Company E, who,
shot through the abdomen, died as he pressed back his protruding
viscera with his own hands, seventy-five were wounded, and
eight were captured — the latter in a movement that will be
presently referred to — an aggregate loss of one hundred and
fifteen. The command had taken into the battle thirteen officers
and two hundred and thirty men. In seven hours it had lost more
than forty-seven per cent of its numbers."
*Killcd : Company R, Captain Artluir Corrigan, Cor])oral John S. Good, Private Cliaun-
cey McCIellan. Company C, Sergeant Theodore W. Mills, Corporal J. Van P.uskirk,
Private Ira Leach. Company D, Privates David L. Brown, Wheeler Ploss. Company
E, Corporal Alsinus Keep, Private Jacob N. Miller. Company F, Privates Christian
H. Fritts, Robert M. Graham, Orville A. Howard. Company G, Corporal Levi A.
Abbott, Private George W. Carpenter. Company H, Privates John A. Berckeel, JoIin
Donovan, Fritz Langendocfer, Robert S. Martin. Company I, Privates Lafayette F.
Alderman, William Denney, Isaac Davis, Isaac Pittinger, William Ross. IVounded:
Company A, Lieutenant M. H. Todd, Sergeant Austin Corbin, Private W'illiam Bas-
sett (loss of leg, disch. October 29, 1862), William D. Calkins, William H. Clark (died
October 13, 1862), Franklin M. Pierce (mortally), Edward Richards, A. G. \'anlouven
(loss of arm). Company B, Corporals Charles B. Haight and Henry W'. Elsworth,
Private John M. Richardson. Company C, Sergeant Ebenezer F. Allen, Corporals
Robert Donnell and Galusha Truman (died September 21, 1862), Privates Frederick
G. Beck, George W. Day. Company D, Sergeant Calvin H. lUanchard, Corporals Henry
Lowman, George C. Oliver, Privates Darius Aber (loss of arm, disch. January 13,
1863), Nelson Anderson (mortally), John .\nderson (mortally), DeWitt C. Erassing-
ton (disch. January 11, 1863), Jacob Fahlman, William Fredenburgh (died Xovember 8,
1862), Adam Knopf (died October 11, 1S62), George Peters, William H. Simmons
(disch. December 11, 1862), Charles Sodagreen (disch. January 11, 1863), Peter N.
Stanford, D. Porter Siggins, R. A. Winchester (loss of arm, disch. December 31,
1862). Company E, Captain Peter S. Bancroft, Corporal George Quiggle (disch. Jan-
uary ID, 1863), Privates John F. Cain, Charles Strayer. Company F, Lieutenant
George Selkregg, Sergeants Ashbel Orton (disch. February i, 1863), Henry W. Tracy,
Corporal Frederick Clark, Privates Don O. Allen, Curtis Bisbee, Norton C. Bush,
62
Soldiers True
The division line in occupying the second woods had been ad-
vanced beyond its flanking supports, and it stood at last alone,
decimated and weary, but resolutely keeping up its fire. At one-
thirty o'clock a new regiment, under the heavy impact of the
enemy, broke through our ranks and bore the thin brigade line
backward, and the enemy, quick to see his advantage, followed,
and pressed us to the first woods before we could rally, thus losing
Captain George Selkregg
to us, as Major Walker sadly remarks, "a part of the ground we
had fought so hard to gain." Shortly after this Sumner brought
Sedgwick's division of the Second Corps forward. These three
brigades swept gallantly into the Dunker church thicket, where
Peter Franz, Dennis Parsons, Nathan W. Reed, Oliver Roberts, William W. Thomp-
son, Edwin R. Wellington. Company G, Lieutenant Joseph Cronenberger, Sergeant
Stephen Allen, Privates Albert Burdick (died I'ebruary ii, 1863), William Corey.
Daniel Cronin, Albert Irish, M. P. Snodgrass, M. M. Sherwood, Jonathan Waters,
Thomas Yokes. Company H, Privates Frank Dudenhoeffer, Jerrold Fox, John Ham-
mer, Henry Ktihn, Michael Martin, Charles Quinn, Josiah Walker. Company I, Cap-
tain Frank Wagner, Lieutenant Charles Woeltge, Sergeant Robert Kern, Privates
Philip Fawnhaus, Joseph Gill, Jacob Kissling, Daniel W. Kean, Andrew Martz, Arthur
McCann, Serenus Ross. Company K, Lieutenant Albert E. Black, Privates John R.
Armor (died September 18, 1862), John Dougherty, Jacob Gerenflow, Alexander
. Patterson.
Soldi liRs True 63
they encountcrcHl on their front the fonr fresh brigades of Mc-
Laws, on their left Walker's brigade, and on their right two con-
cealed regiments under the Confederate colonels Stafford and
Grigsby. A converging fire was poured in upon our lines, but the
other divisions of the Second, under Richardson and French,
leaped to support on their left and enabled them to break Hill's
line and retake the Dunker woods. Franklin wished to assist
this attack, and if he had Lee's left center would have been de-
stroyed, but Sumner declined his aid. Our success here should
have pierced the enemy's front at this point and given us the
battle. Longstreet says of it, "Had he [Sumner] formed the
corps into lines of divisions in close echelon, and moved as a
corps, he would have marched through and opened the way for
Porter's command at bridge No. 2, and Pleasonton's cavalry, and
for Burnside at the third bridge, and forced the battle back to
the river bank."''' As it was, when night fell, our right was in
possession of the field of contention, Lee's left was bent still far-
ther toward the Potomac, and his center was beaten to ex-
haustion.
In the meantime P>urnside, on the left, had captured his bridge
and magnificently scaled the Sharpsburg Heights, which were
desperately defended by Longstreet's brigades and A. P. Hill's
division of Jackson's corps that had marched that day from
Harper's Ferry and arrived on the field just in time. Every man
and every gun that Lee could bring into action were on the
ground for the final struggle. The L^nion lines pressed forward
to the Pleights and suburl)s of Sharpsburg. Infantry fronts
were locked in fiercest collision. P>atteries were captured and re-
taken. Night itself was required to end the desperate conflict;
but when its mantle finally fell, and the long hours of battle were
over, the Army of the Potomac had wrested victory from its
determined antagonist at all parts of the field. Lee's army was
hemmed in on a narrow tongue of land, with the Potomac at
his back and on his flanks, and the worn but victorious corps of
*From Manassas to Affonmtto.v, p. 247.
64 Soldiers True
McClellan at his throat. All his forces had been engaged and had
performed prodigies of valor. D. H. Hill had fought with a
musket, and Longstreet had held the horses of his staff while
they manned the guns of one of his batteries. But the Confed-
erates had spent their strength. And yet the Fifth Corps, Por-
ter's, of the Army of the Potomac, had been called on for prac-
tically nothing throughout the day, its total casualties being but
118. All day long it lay on the east of the creek at the center,
its three strong divisions under Morell, Sykes, and Humphreys
eager and waiting to be ordered in. Nor had the Sixth, Frank-
lin's, been seriously affected by the battle.* The conclusion seems
inevitable that if these troops had been used at the critical mo-
ments, and the corps on which the brunt of the engagement had
fallen had been sustained by a Grant-like aggressiveness on
part of the commander on the field, the Army of Northern
Virginia would never have recrossed the Potomac as a miHtary
organization.
Lee, personally, was not well at the time of the battle. A few
days before both he and Jackson had met with accidents that
partly disabled them. Lee's horse by a sudden start had broken
a bone in one of the general's hands and sprained his other arm,
and for some days he was obliged to ride in an ambulance. But
he was at his best as a soldier as he fought his defensive battle
on the Sharpsburg Heights. Jackson was not characteristically
in evidence, although he was present throughout the day. Long-
street, next to Lee, seemed mostly responsible for the field, and
was the dominating figure on the Southern side.
On our side IMcClellan fought his aggressive battle with his
usual caution and intelligence, but without tactical energy. His
corps commanders and their subordinates performed their duty
valiantly and skillfully. The regimental and company officers
were brave and faithful, and the men were above criticism as
American soldiers. On the i8th the Army of the Potomac should
•The losses by corps were: First, 2,500; Second, 5,138; Fourth (one division), 9;
Fifth, 118; Sixth, 439; Ninth, 2,349; Twelfth, 1,746; Cavalry, 30.
Soldiers True 65
have renewed the fight and pressed it to a still more deeisive issue,
but instead both sides remained inaetive. Lee eould not take the
initiative, and McClellan would not. The dead were buried, the
wounded were cared for, and on the 19th Lee was permitted to
retire unmolested into Virginia, by the Shepherdstown crossings.
His brave invasion, which had occupied just thirteen days — dur-
ing which he had been twice defeated — had resulted in complete
failure. General Longstreet, with great historic candor, says of
this invasion : "The razing of the walls of Jericho by encircling
marches of priests and soldiers, at the signal of long-drawn
blasts of sacred horns and shouts of multitude, was scarcely a
greater miracle than the transformation of the conquering army
of the South into a horde of disorganized fugitives, before an
army that two weeks earlier was flying to cover under its home-
ward ramparts. . . . That the disaster was not overwhelming
they had to thank the plodding methods of the Union com-
mander.""''
After the withdrawal of our command from the front early in
the afternoon we took position in support of Franklin in rear of
Hooker, and there remained until we recrossed the Potomac.
Antietam was the bloodiest single day of the civil war. The
losses sustained by the Army of the Potomac were twelve thou-
sand four hundred and ten men. Lee's loss is not officially re-
ported, but on the campaign he reports thirteen thousand six hun-
dred and eighty-seven casualties. He probably sacrificed that
number on the 17th of September alone.
That day was also the bloodiest single day in the history of
the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment. Of
its service on the field General Greene wrote to Governor Curtin
that "the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment behaved gal-
lantly at the battle of Antietam, where I was witness of its good
conduct," and for its work at the Dunker church Colonel Stain-
rook, commanding the brigade, presented it on the field with a
stand of colors.
*From Manassas to Appomattox, pp. 283, 284.
66 Soldiers True
CHAPTER V
The Autumn and Winter of 1862-63
>HE spectacle of a great battlefield, after the rage and roar
of conflict have ceased, is one that tries the nerve and
moves the heart of the most phlegmatic of men. It is a
scene of cruel desolation and death. Burned buildings, broken
trees, trampled and furrowed ground, scattered arms, wrecked
caissons, dead and wounded horses, hospital detachments search-
ing for wounded men, pools of blood, and ghastly and mutilated
forms of dead men, still contorted with their final mortal agony,
constitute a gallery of horrors that can never be forgotten. The
excitement of battle renders those engaged oblivious of its ter-
rible carnage, but when all is over and the sufferings of the
wounded are seen, the mournful work of finding and caring
for the dead is to be done, and the comrades of yesterday are con-
signed to their rude and hastily made graves, humanity reasserts
itself and the soldier's stern heart is solemn and tender. If the
military situation permits, each regiment buries its own dead
near where they fell, and, if possible, marks their graves. Val-
uables and keepsakes found on the bodies are placed in the hands
of company commanders, who transmit them with letters of con-
dolence to surviving relatives ; brief records of the casualties are
made on the muster rolls, and the army sweeps on to new scenes
of blood.
On September i8 these sad offices were performed along the
Union lines on the field of Antietam. The following day march
was made toward Harper's Ferry, and Sandy Hook, Maryland,
was reached at three o'clock. On the 22d the division arrived at
the Ferry, forded the Shenandoah, and took position on Loudoun
Heights, in a camp strewn with rocks, but which at least afforded
pure air and a view of an extended and attractive landscape.
Soldi i:ks True 67
Major General Henry W. Slocum was assigned to llic com-
mand of the Twelfth Corps. He was graduated at West Point
in 1852, and was now thirt}-five years of age. Entering the field
in the three months' service as colonel of the Twenty-seventh
New York Regiment, he was badly wounded at Bull Run. Pro-
moted to brigadier general on August 9, 1861, and to major gen-
eral on July 4. 1862, he had served with usefulness and honor on
the Peninsular and Antietam campaigns. His assignment to the
corps gave great sat'isfaction, and his prolonged association with
it constantly strengthened the confidence of the command in his
ability. General Slocum was personally a handsome man, with
a slender figure that grew portly with subsequent years, courteous
in manner, and high-minded and conscientious as a soldier. At
the close of the war he had risen to the command of an army
under General Sherman.
General John W. Geary, recovered from his fiesh wound at
Cedar Mountain, resumed command of the division, and retained
it until the end of the war. He was a man of imposing presence,
being several inches more than six feet in height, and powerfully
built. He was a Pennsylvanian, and forty-three years of age, a
lawyer by profession and a civil engineer in practice. He had
served in the Mexican War as lieutenant colonel of the Second
Pennsylvania, and was subsequently the first mayor of San Fran-
cisco, and a territorial governor of Kansas. He recruited the
Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Regiment in 1861, and was ap-
pointed brigadier general April 2^. 1862. He was credited with
political aspirations, and was twice elected governor of Penn-
sylvania after the war. His death occurred suddenly in Harris-
burg on February 8. 1873, a few weeks after the expiration of
his official term.
The One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment was transferred
from his Second P>rigade to the Third, and was associated with
the One Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania, and the Seventy-
eighth, the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh, and the One Hun-
dred and Forty-sixth New York. Brigadier General George S.
68 Soldiers True
Greene, of New York, was its commander. He was a graduate
of the West Point Military Academy of the class of 1823, and
was sixty-one years of age. He lived to be ninety, and was after
the war associated with some notable engineering work in the
city of New York. In 1861 he reentered the military service as
colonel of the Sixtieth New York Infantry, and was promoted
brigadier general on April 28, 1862. He was a severe disci-
plinarian, somewhat abrupt in manner, but a brave and capable
officer, who, notwithstanding his years, served uninterruptedly in
the field until a serious wound received at Wauhatchie, Tenn., in-
capacitated him for further active duty.
The regiment was greatly depleted by its campaign, but soon
after its arrival convalescents began to report from the hospitals
and within a month its strength was increased by several hundred
men. Efforts were also made for the assignment to it of recruits,
and Major Walker and Lieutenant James M. Wells were sent to
Harrisburg to secure them, but none were sent to us. Clothing
was issued to the men, rest was had, the command was paid to
September i, rations were plentiful, and the weather was fair.
The result was that within a few weeks the condition of the
regiment was greatly improved. Colonel Schlaudecker returned
and was placed temporarily in command of the brigade. Lieu-
tenant Colonel Cobham, fully recovered from his severe illness,
reported for duty. Adjutant Boyle w^as a little later exchanged
and welcomed at headquarters. A number of the line officers,
who had been absent on sick leave, reappeared. Drills were
reestablished, inspections were instituted, and the routine of camp
life was resumed, and soon all traces of the recent campaign
disappeared.
On October 26 the division was removed from Loudoun
Heights and encamped in the valley on the eastern side. On the
30th it relieved Sumner's corps on Bolivar Heights, and was
assigned to picket duty between the Potomac and Shenandoah
Rivers, General Greene assuming command of the brigade, and
Colonel Schlaudecker reporting sick. All the troops in and about
Soldiers True 69
Harper's Ferry, except Geary's division, were moved out and a
new campaign was expected and demanded, but nothing serious
was attempted, and the President, worn out with McClellan's in-
decision, relieved him from command of the Army of the Potomac
on November 5, and conferred it upon Major General Ambrose
E. Burnside.
On Novemher 6 Colonel Schlaudccker resigned the service on
account of ill health. He had been with the regiment but little since
it entered the field, but his great work in recruiting and drilling
the organization, and in creating its high esprit de corps, had
been invaluable. No more efficient field officer in the camp or on
the drill ground could be desired, and the command parted from
him with genuine regret. At dress parade on the i6th his resig-
nation was announced, and he took leave of the battalion he loved
so well with deep feeling. He was to be no longer among us,
but his interest in the regiment never ceased, and his friendly
hand was always open to any of its members. Forty years after
he bade it farewell he was accustomed to refer to it as the "good
old regiment."
His retirement created a vacancy in the highest office in the
command. Lieutenant Colonel Cobham was in the line of pro-
motion, but, although he was respected and trusted by all, he had.
through no fault of his own, been absent during the greater part
of the campaign that was just closed, and Major Walker had
bravely and abl}^ commanded. The latter officer had proved his
efficiency in two severe battles and upon a trying retreat, and had
won the admiration and love of officers and men. It was under-
stood that Lieutenant Colonel Cobham appreciated this fact, and
w^ith his usual courtesy suggested that the officers should express
their preference by vote for the colonelcy. The result showed a
majority for the major, but the lieutenant colonel was duly com-
missioned as colonel by Governor Curtin, and Walker succeeded
him as lieutenant colonel. The same vote of the officers elected
Adjutant John A. Boyle major, and he was commissioned as such.
The numerical strength of the regiment, however, was insufficient
70 Soldiers True
to admit of three field officers, and it was not until a few months
later that the new major was actually mustered in.
On December 2 Geary's division made a reconnoissance into
the Shenandoah valley. It left at daylight and, marching twenty-
three miles in ten hours, reached Berryville, where it drove away
the enemy's pickets, entered the town, and moved one mile toward
\Mnchester. The next morning it advanced slowly for five miles
and occupied the enemy's deserted camp. On the following day
at noon it occupied Winchester and raised the flag over the Con-
federate fortifications. A few of the ladies of the city saluted
the troops by displaying the national colors and were heartily
cheered. Two 'hundred sick, among whom smallpox was prevail-
ing, were paroled at the hospital. In the late afternoon the return
march, zia Charlestown, was begun, and five miles farther camp
was made for the. night. Some arms, horses, cattle, and pork
were captured, and a supply of honey was found on which the
men regaled themselves. On the 5th the weather turned bitterly
cold, and snow fell to the depth of four inches, drifting badly in
the high wind. That night was one of great discomfort, the men
having only such slTelter as the trees and a few cornshocks af-
forded. The next day at noon the division arrived at Harper's
Ferry. The object of the march had been to ascertain if the
enemy was in any force between Harper's Ferry and Winchester.
The regiment was under fire in support of one of the batteries
near Berrjville, but suffered no loss. A previous march was
made on November 26 to Charlestown. The command left at
midnight, and arrived at Cockrall's Mills, on the Shenandoah, at
an early hour. Here the enemy made a stand, and our batteries
were ordered up, and the regiment was sent in as their support,
but the foe retired, and we occupied the camps where his cooked
breakfast was left, and thankfully accepted his unintentional hos-
pitality. Some prisoners and arms were captured, together with
a quantity of flour, and a cloth mill that was manufacturing
material for Confederate uniforms was destroyed. From the
Mills the command proceeded tQ Charlestown, between which
Soldiers True 71
place and Halltown the Seventh and Twelfth \'irginia Cavalry
were put to flight. This time n'c were the Banking force. The
One Hundred and ICleventh and three other regiments of the
brigade, under Lieutenant Colonel Cohham, attempted to cut off
the retreat, but the cavalry slipped through and escaped. Our
spoils were only some horses and beef cattle. Returning to
llar{)er's Ferry, our picket lines were estal)lished three miles to
the front, and were there maintained during the remainder of
our stay.
On October 26 McClellan hatl placed the Army of the Potomac
across the river as far as the vicinity of Warrenton, where he was
relieved of its command. Lee had posted Longstreet at Culpeper
Court House and Madison Court House, while Jackson, with the
exception of one of his divisions, was in the Shenandoah valley.
Burnside reorganized his army into four Grand Divisions, and
proposed to move around Lee's right, I'ia Fredericksburg, and
threaten Richmond by that shorter route. The result was the
concentration of the Union army on the east side of the Rappa-
hannock from Falmouth to Acquia Creek, and of the Confederates
on the heights behind Fredericksburg, and the sanguinary and
disastrous battle of December 13, 1862. The Eleventh and
Twelfth Corps, under Sigel, constituted what was known as the
Reserve Grand Division and was not engaged in the Fredericks-
burg battle, being held behind the line, between Fairfax and
Stafford Court Houses.
With the corps the regiment marched from Harper's Ferry on
December 10, at five o'clock in the morning, through snow and
mud, and passing through Leesburg and Centerville arrived near
Fairfax Court House on the 13th. It pushed on to gain sup-
porting distance to the army over almost impassable roads, across
the Occoquan River, which it forded, to the vicinity of Dumfries,
where the news of the battle of Fredericksburg was received, and
the command was ordered to return to Fairfax Station. It ar-
rived there on the 19th at noon, and went into camp on the right
of the Alexandria turnpike in a fine hardwood grove, and was
72 Soldiers True
charged with the duty of guarding the mihtary stores at tht
railroad depot. Here wall and Sibley tents were issued and the
command settled down to a brief period of rest. On Christmas
Day a special order was published from division headquarters
heartily commending the troops for their bravery in battle and
their fortitude in marching, and which, with the season's com-
pliments, expressed the hope — which, alas ! was not to be realized
— that before the recurrence of this great religious anniversary
the rebellion would be overthrown and the citizen soldiery of
the republic would again be in the enjoyment of home and peace.
But while these felicitations were being expressed a reconnois-
sance toward Dumfries was making, and the regiment with some
others, was pushed across the Occoquan again. A skirmish en-
sued with Stuart's cavalry on the hills beyond that stream in
which it supported Knap's battery but suffered no loss. At nine
o'clock on the evening of the 28th it set out on its return, marched
all night, and on New Year's Eve it arrived at its former camp
near Fairfax Station. The next afternoon the regimental sutler,
Joseph S. Raiber, of Baltimore, who had been appointed to suc-
ceed Messrs. Caughy and Crawford in that ofifice, arrived from
Washington with a wagon load of supplies. These consisted for
the most part of personal articles for the officers, a stock of Ger-
man delicatessen goods, and, among other things, a barrel of
ale, which was set up in the back part of the sutler's quarters.
That evening as this beverage was being dispensed by Raiber's
clerk to the thirsty customers who thronged his tent it was dis-
covered, to the dismay of the sutler, that the ale barrel was pre-
maturely failing. Certain of the soldiers who lacked the means
to purchase the tempting drink had stealthily tapped the cask
from the outside and rear, and made away with its contents.
And there was rejoicing that night in the tents of Kedar, and
corresponding gloom among the tribe of Joseph.
During our stay at Fairfax the regimental quartermaster's de-
partment became the evening rendezvous for a goodly number of
officers and men. A Shakespearean actor had been discovered in
SuLiJiEKS True
73
the brigade who was invited over to give readings. A fire of
logs was kept burning brightly on which corn was parched, and
around it the audience gathered, while our histrionic artist re-
cited with intelligence and efifect the great passages from the
immortal tragedies of the bard of Avon. At times the substance
of w'hole plays was rendered, and the entertainment was pro-
longed to unlawful hours. Quite a Shakespearean revival ensued,
quotations from "Hamlet" and "The Merchant of Venice" gave
*
Captain John P. Schlaudecker
tone to ordinary conversation, and "What ho!" and "Good, my
lord!" became common forms of speech between the most fa-
miliar friends and upon the most informal occasions.
On January 19, 1863, camp was broken and the division was
again on the road leading south. Ihe weather was clear and
cold, and the roads, during the first and second day out, were
hard and good. But on the afternoon of the 20th the tempera-
ture rose, and by nine o'clock that night a January thaw had set
in and a rain began to fall that did not cease for nearly four
days. Every stream was swollen to its rim, and the roads be-
74 Soldiers True
came sheets of running water or quagmires of tenacious mud.
It was impossible to advance more than a few miles daily. On
one day the trains made but two and one half miles, and they
were from early morning until late at night doing that. The
wagons were double-teamed and pried out of holes hub deep by
the guards. In some cases they were abandoned. Animals and
men were mud-covered and exhausted. Orders were issued from
corps headquarters to burn such wagons as could not be brought
forward. But by skill and persistence our regimental teams came
through without loss. Wagonmaster Saeger was equal to the
emergency, and his capable and veteran drivers — James Hender-
son, Wesley Culver, George Gibbert, black "Aleck," and Carl —
who knew how to extract the last ounce of strength out of a
blown and discouraged horse, and then to care for him after the
day's agony was over, served their country well with black whip
and vituperation.
The sufferings of the men were well-nigh intolerable.
Drenched to the skin, with chafed and freezing feet, they splashed
through endless spongy mire, and waded streams breast high, on
scanty rations, and without complaint, and when the miserable day
was done they faced the furious elements at night with heroic en-
durance. Thus the Occoquan River and Dumfries with its angry
creek were passed. To kindle a camp fire in such a deluge seemed
impossible, but necessity forced them to the task. Matches were
ruined and out of the question. Pieces of wood, torn from the
interior of outbuildings, or split out from the heart of wet rails,
or grubbed up from roots, were whittled down with pocket
knives and were kindled by shreds of paper or of lint scraped
from a dry fragment of clothing, and ignited by percussion caps
and powder. It was delicate work to start a fire mider such
circumstances, but it was always done, and a single blaze, once
alight, would yield a hundred others, and in a few minutes after
the weary column had filed into a field or woods for the night their
bivouacs would be agleam with grateful light. Brush, rails, logs,
even green wood, were piled on, and soon the aroma of boiling
Soldiers True 75
coitcc ami sputtering" bacon caused the cares that infested the
day to be forgotten. The tobacco pipe added its incense to the
yiekhng air. Steaming men stood in the thick wood smoke about
the fire, turning themselves hke fowls on spits until they were
warm if not dry, and then sank down to sleep in defiance of the
unfriendly elements. So it went on until the evening of the 24th,
when the command reached Stafford Court House. The next
day the brigade was detached for guard, fatigue, and provost
duty at Acquia Landing, on the Potomac River, and in the after-
noon marched the six miles intervening, having been just one
wretched week on the way.
Acquia Landing is at the mouth of the creek of that name which
empties into the Potomac some forty miles south of Washington.
It is directly east of and twelve miles from Fredericksburg, and
was Burnside's base of supplies. A railroad connected it with
Falmouth at his front. The river at this point is wide and beau-
tiful, the l)anks on the \lrginia side are high, and the Maryland
shore lies green and indented toward the east. At the time of
the regiment's arrival a great fleet of transports and war craft
were anchored off shore, and the large dock was piled high with
the incoming supplies for the great army. The railroad was full
of box-car trains, and long lines of army wagons were passing
to and from their brigade camps. The regiment went into camp
in a woods not far from the dock on the left of the railroad
track, and its wagons were parked near the beach.
On the same day, January 25, 1863, Major General Joseph
Hooker relieved General Burnside as commander of the Army of
the Potomac. He was a native of Massachusetts, and was the
oldest man ever appointed to this responsible position. When
they assumed command of this army McClellan was not thirty-
five years of age, Burnside was thirty-eight, and Meade, who
succeeded Flooker, was in his forty-eighth year. Hooker was
thirteen months older than Meade and was in his forty-ninth
year when he received this promotion. He had graduated at
West Point in 1837, and served in the First United States Ar-
76 Soldiers True
tillery until 1846, when he was made assistant adjutant general
with the rank of captain. He received the brevets of major and
lieutenant colonel in the ^Mexican War, and resigned from the
army in 1853. O" ^^^y ^7' 1861, he was commissioned brigadier
general of volunteers, and on Alay 5, one year later, he was made
a major general. P^or his work at Antietam he was appointed
brigadier general in the regular army, and w'as brevetted major
general on ]\Iarch 13, 1865. He was retired with full rank
October 15, 1868, and died in Garden City, New York, from
paralysis, October 31, 1879. General Hooker was a fine-looking
officer, of florid complexion and sanguine temperament. He was
tall, soldierly, courteous, and self-confident. His dashing courage
had given him the sobriquet among the soldiers of "Fighting
Joe." President Lincoln had not selected him for this responsible
place without reservation,* but Hooker had no sooner taken com-
mand than he began to infuse his magnetism and energy into the
whole army. He abolished Burnside's organization by Grand
Divisions and reestablished the corps system. He reorganized the
cavalry and brought it into a new and greater efficiency. He
improved his own favorite branch of the service, the artillery;
and he set himself with great care to improve the condition and
*In a letter transmitted with the appointment Mr. Lincoln had written: "I have
done this upon what appear to me sufficient reasons, and yet I think it best for you
to know that there are some things in regard to which I am not quite satisfied with
you. I believe you to be a brave and skillful soldier, which, of course, I like. I
also believe you do not mix politics with your profession, in which you are right.
You have confidence in yourself, which is a valuable if not an indispensable quality.
You are ambitious, which within reasonable bounds does good rather than harm. But
I think that during General Burnside's command of the army you have taken counsel
of your ambition and thwarted him as much as you could, in which you did a great
wrong to the country and to a most meritorious and honorable brother officer. I
have heard in such a way as to believe it of your recently saying that both the army
and the government needed a dictator. Of course it was not for this, but in spite of
it, that I have given you the command. Only those generals who gain success can
set up as dictators. What I now ask of you is military success, and I will risk the
dictatorship. The government will support you to the utmost of its ability, which
is neither more nor less than it has done and will do for all commanders. I much
fear that the spirit which you have aided to infuse into the army, of criticising their
commander and withholding confidence from him, will now turn upon you. I shall
assist you as far as I can to put it down. Neither you nor Napoleon, were he alive
again, could get any good out of an army while such a spirit prevails in it. And
now, beware of rashness! Beware of rashness! But with energy and sleepless vig-
ilance go forward, and give us victories."
Soldiers True 'jy
morale of the infantry. He insisted that the camps should be
made comfortable and sanitary. Sites were carefully selected and
log foundations for the tents were made, their interstices being
closed with clay. Chimneys of cross sticks and clay were erected
with internal fireplaces. Orders concerning cleanliness were
issued, and rigid general inspections were enforced. General
reviews were had. The unheard-of luxury of fresh soft bread
was introduced. The chief commissary of the Twelfth Corps
was the pioneer of this luxurious innovation. Lieutenant Col-
onel S. H. Sturdevant obtained an issue of flour in place of hard
bread. He at first secured use of the vaults of the Treasury
building, in Washington, as an army bakery, and shipped the new
bread to Acquia Landing on early morning steamboats, thus ef-
fecting the issue during the day. Later, ovens were erected in
the field, and the Army of the Potomac for the first and only time
in its history received sweet fresh bread as a ration. The men
feasted on it, and this bread, and the limited supply of vegetables
which the short and convenient base made it possible for them to
secure, soon vastly improved their physical condition. Clothing
and blankets were also supplied, and winter quarters between
the Rappahannock and the Potomac assumed an air of comfort
that had theretofore been unknown.
The army was promptly paid to November i, packages of
underclothing and edibles were sent from home by the boat load,
and the soldiers were loud in their praises of their new com-
mander. Within a few weeks of his accession to the command
his popularity was unbounded. "Fighting Joe" was the hero
of the camp, and his men were ready to follow him anywhere.
The rising spirits of the army found expression in all sorts of
sports. Theaters were improvised and comical entertainments
were given. Camp journals were published. Sack and meal
races were run. Greased pigs were chased and oiled poles were
climbed. Leaves of absence and furloughs were granted for
periods of ten days, and these were increased in number for
excellency of discipline. The One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment
78 . Soldiers True
received special distinction in this respect. The inspectors-
general reported so highly upon the state of its camp, its clean-
liness, and its proficiency, that it was permitted, under special
order from army headquarters, to send home an additional officer
and man for every one hundred present for duty, during the
whole winter. It was the only Pennsylvania regiment in the
Army of the Potomac which was thus honored, and a goodly
number of its officers and men availed themselves of the great
privilege of beholding civilization and visiting their loved homes
once again. Some of them embraced the opportunity to cement
existing affectional ties at the marriage altar, and returned bear-
ing highly prized photographs of lovely young women, some of
whom, alas ! became brides only to suffer an early widowhood.
The day after our arrival at Acquia Landing General Bursside,
accompanied by Generals Sumner, Franklin, and Parke — the
latter Burnside's chief-of-staff — all of whom were relieved from
duty, came down from Falmouth and took boat for Washington.
Those of the regiment who had heard of their coming lined up
on the dock to see them, and gave them a sincere farewell. They
had the appearance of capable officers, and the general hope was
expressed that they would not be lost to the service. Two days
later a violent snowstorm covered the ground to the depth of
six inches. This was followed by a cold snap that continued
until February 4, when a sudden and genial change of tempera-
ture brought out the first bird of the season, a delicate and bril-
liant little ball of fire known here as the redbird. On the 9th we
removed camp one and a half miles up the creek to high and
level ground on the right of a ravine, convenient to water and
an open plain excellently adapted for battalion or brigade drill,
and on this spot, separated from the other regiments and near
to brigade headquarters, we settled down for a two months' stay.
General Geary frequently visited this camp, and always expressed
his gratification at its superior condition.
The regiment was at this time transferred to the Second Bri-
gade, of which Brigadier General Thomas L. Kane was the com-
Soldiers True .79
iiiander. He was a younj^cr brother of Elisha Kent Kane, tlie
arctic explorer, and was from Pennsylvania. He had been edu-
cated in France, and had attained some public celebrity as a
writer for French periodicals, and for arranging a peace settle-
ment between the Territory of Utah and the Mormons in 1858.
He had also published a book on the Mormon question. In 1861
he enlisted the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Regiment — the or-
iginal "Pucktails" — which he commanded at Dranesville, where
he was w'ounded. He was again wounded, and was captured at
Harrisonburg, in the Shenandoah valley, and on his exchange
he was, on September 7, 1862, named as a brigadier general for
gallant service in the field. General Kane was also the founder
of the town that bears his name, in McKean County, Pennsyl-
vania, and there he died on December 26, 1883. He was a man
much under the medium stature, having black hair and a dark
complexion, and was so disabled by his wounds that he could
not mount his horse unaided. He possessed a voice wath which
he could easily drill his brigade, and was as polite and gracious
as a Parisian. He was scholarly in his tastes, and was brave to
rashness when under fire. His assistant adjutant general was
Captain John P. Green, one of the bravest of soldiers and one of
the most courteous of gentlemen, who has since the war become
the first vice president of the greatest railroad corporation in the
world.
The work of the regiment at Acquia Landing was exacting, but
not severe. In addition to the regular camp duty, it guarded the
immense public stores that were always on hand, and furnished
large fatigue and provost details. These details were, of course,
exposed always to the weather, which continued variable and was
at times cold or inclement. They unloaded boats and loaded
cars, but compared to field service this work was pastime and
only kept the men in healthful exercise. There was time in the
evenings for checkers, chess, and other games, and for reading
and even study. A few of the officers took up German under
some of the excellent German scholars that w^ere among them,
6
8o Soldiers True
and Milton, Longfelluu, and other poets were not neglected.
Dickens was the favorite novelist, and Sam Weller and Mark
Tapley were almost claimed as members of the regiment. There
was music, too, on the evening air, both in German and English ;
there were burlesques, serenades, practical jokes, and fires by
which tents were destroyed. And so the time rolled merrily away.
The winter of 1862-63 was memorable not because of the respite
it afforded the armies on both sides from the hard realities of
war. On the first day of January of that crucial year in the great
struggle the President of the United States issued the Proclama-
tion of Emancipation. It inspired the army no less than it
thrilled the country. Thoughtful men knew that this was the
issue, and they beheld in the immortal proclamation not only the
knell of the hateful institution of slavery, but the moral principle
that pealed forth victory for the nation. They knew that God
must be upon the side of human liberty, and they felt that this
deliverance aligned the government to his will and guaranteed
to it his aid. Henceforth the war was to be prosecuted, as it
had been from the beginning, for the preservation of the Union,
but for its preservation on the basis of national justice and hu-
manity. The soldiers saw this almost to a man, and the>
responded to it with a mighty enthusiasm. The field officers of
the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment realized this sentiment
and determined to afford the command an opportunity to express
itself on the proclamation. Major Boyle was requested to draft
resolutions on the subject, strongly affirming President Lincoln's
action, which he did with great care and force. On dress parade
this paper was read and explained ; the men were instructed that
they had full liberty to vote upon it as they wished, and it was
adopted with the heartiest unanimity.
Not long after this incident the great President paid his notable
visit to the army. It was in April, and he spent several days in
reviewing the various corps, and in looking upon their camps.
That was the only time that thousands of his boys in blue ever
beheld his sad and noble face, and they gazed upon him with a
Soldiers True 8i
love and reverence thai few rulers in the world's history have
ever commanded from their hrother men. He appeared before
the Twelfth Corps at Stafford Court House on the loth. An
imposing cavalcade of general oflficers, their staffs and escorts
were about him. His little son Thomas, who was familiarly
known as "Tad," was with him mounted on his pony. Lincoln
sat his horse in front of his large and brilliant escort a grand and
silent figure, sh.arply silhouetted in the gray spring air. The
majesty and pathos of humanity were upon him, and to those
troops he seemed an apostle of God. They filed past him with a
swing inspired by his presence, but tears were in their salute.
But few of them ever saw him again. When the remnant of
that splendid body of American youth marched past the reviewing
stand of the nation's chief executive twenty-five months later, in
Washington, the great emancipator had become the great martyr,
and another man was in his place. But those young men never
outlived the hour when they looked upon Abraham Lincoln, and
saw the bleak wind toss his dark locks about his uncovered brow\
The few^ of them wdio remain are old men now% but that hour is
to them a great one even yet. It brought before them the greatest
man of the nineteenth century.
Corps badges were adopted and authorized on March 21, repre-
senting the national colors in the First, Second, and Third Divi-
sions respectively. The Twelfth Corps was given the star as its
designation, and the men of Geary's Second Division wore it in
white. It was a decoration of wdiich they were justly proud, and
it was never dishonored.
Many changes occurred during the autumn and winter in the
personnel of the regiment. A goodly number of recruits were
received, but many of the original officers and men were lost to
the command. Surgeon Wallace B. Stewart resigned on Novem-
ber 27, 1862, and Assistant Surgeon James Stokes on January 15,
1863. Assistant Surgeon Henry F. Conrad w^as promoted sur-
geon of the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth Pennsylvania.
Quartermaster Alexander Thompson resigned on March 23, and
82 Soldiers True
Chaplain Lorenzo D. Williams on March i6, 1863. Second Lieu-
tenant Xelson E. Ames died August 28, 1862; Captain John
Braden died at his home in North East, Pennsylvania, on March
II, 1863; and Captains Josiah Brown and John D. Bentley, of
Company A, Captain Langworthy. of Company B, Captain Rich-
ard Cross, of Company C, Captain Elias M. Pierce, of Company
D, Captains Samuel M. Davis and Peter S. Bancroft, of Company
E, Captain Frank Wagner, of Company I, and Captain Jonas J.
Pierce, of Company K, and Lieutenants W'arren yi. Foster and
Xelson Spencer, of Company D, Leander W. Kimball, of Com-
pany E, Joseph Cronenberger, of Company G, George J. Whitney,
of Company H, Llric Schlaudecker, of Company I. and George
W. Smith, of Company K. all resigned, a total of twenty-two ofifi-
cers. Twenty-three enlisted men died,* and one hundred and
ninety-one were discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability.
an aggregate of two hundred and thirty-seven. Surgeon George
P. Oliver was assigned to the regiment on January 11. 1863, and
Assistant Surgeons Joseph F. Ake and D. Hayes Strickland on
February 10 and April 9. First Lieutenant James ]\I. Wells, of
Company F, was promoted adjutant, February 14, and captain
of Company F, May 16. First Lieutenant Hiram L. Blodgett, of
Company C, succeeded him as adjutant.
Since the regiment entered the field in May, 1862, the following
line oflficers had been promoted : Company A, First Lieutenant
* Company A, Sergeant Porter Lewis, at Harner's Ferry, December 2, 1862; Pri-
vates Perry Baker, at Harper's Ferry, N'ovemoer 28, 1862. Company B, Privates
Richard Haskell, at Harper's Ferry, November 14, 1862; Daniel McXally, at Har-
per's Ferry, December i, 1862; Henry Pike, at Fairfax Station, October 21, 1862.
Company C, Private Otis M. Tanner, February 23, 1863. Company E, Privates Cor-
nelius P. Boyer, at Washington, D. C, December 22, 1862; Alexander L. Brown,
drowned March 6, 1863; Walter Evans, at Washington, D. C, April 2, 1863; Oscar
Rowdenbush, at Washington, D. C, March 29, 1863; Samuel W'ilcox, at Acquia
Creek, March 15, 1863; Ezra W'illiams, at Baltimore, October 14, 1862. Company F,
Privates Amos Booles, January 26, 1863; Leonard Brown, February 19, 1863; Jerome
Morton, January 5, 1863; Silas W. Rider, December 29, 1862. Company G, Privates
George Beatty, at Philadelphia, October 3, 1862; James Hall, at Harper's Ferry,
January 16. 1863; Philip Young, at Harper's Ferry, December 15, 1862. Company
H, Sergeant Alsinus Andrews, at Acquia Creek, February 21, 1863. Company I,
Sergeant David M. Ribblet, at Harper's Ferry, January i, 1863; Private Frederick
Schugart, at Acquia Creek, April i, 1863. Conspany K, Private Absalom Conrad,
Annapolis, October i, 1862.
Soi-DIKKS TRUli
83
Marlclhis li. Tudd to be captain, and l'"ii"st Sergeant Cyrus A.
Hayes to be second lieutenant, January 16. 1863. Company D,
First Lieutenant William I'. Langworthy to be captain, and Sec-
ond Lieutenant Wallace B. Warner to be first lieutenant, Novem-
ber 24, 1862. First Lieutenant W^allace B. Warner to be captain,
l''el)rnary 10, 1863; and First Sergeant Jolm J. Haight to be
second lieutenant, January 15, and first lieutenant, February 10,
1863. Company C. First Lieutenant Hiram L. Blodgett to be
Lieutenant William Saeger. R. Q. M.
adjutant. May 18. 1863; and Second Lieutenant William C. Hay
to be first lieutenant, ]\Iay 23, 1863. Company E, First Sergeant
Francis A. Guthrie to be first lieutenant, Xovember 20, 1862, and
captain, May 18, 1863; First Sergeant William L. Patterson to
be second lieutenant, February 14 ; and Second Lieutenant
William L. Patterson to be first lieutenant. May 18, 1863. Com-
pany F, Adjutant James 'SI. Wells to be captain. May 16; and
Second Lieutenant Caspar M. Kingsbury to be first lieutenant,
February 14, 1863. Company G, First Sergeant Valentine Hitch-
cock to be second lieutenant, January 19, 1863. Company H,
84 Soldiers True
Second Lieutenant John R. Boyle to be first lieutenant, May i,
1863. Company I, First Lieutenant Charles Woeltge to be cap-
tain, and Sergeant John C. Teel to be first lieutenant, January 15,
1863; and William Saeger to be second lieutenant, January 15,
and regimental quartermaster. May 21, 1863. Company K, First
Lieutenant Frank J. Osgood to be captain, and First Sergeant
All)ert E. Black to be second lieutenant, July 14, 1862; Second
Lieutenant Albert E. Black to be first lieutenant, Xovember 2,
1862; and First Sergeant Plympton A. Mead to be second lieu-
tenant, January 15, 1863.
Sor,DiRKS True 85
CHAPTER VI
Chancellorsville
aNDER the new and better organization of the Army of
the Potomac which Hooker effected early in February,
1863. the First, Second, Third, Fifth, Sixth, Eleventh,
and Twelfth Corps were placed in command of Major Generals
Reynolds, Couch, Sickles, Meade, Sedgwick, Sigel (afterward
Howard), and Slocum respectively. The cavalry was also con-
stituted a corps, with Brigadier General George Stoneman in
command. On April 30 the army mustered within a fraction of
one hundred and fourteen thousand men present for duty. It
had never been in such efificient form. Every arm of the -Tvice
had felt the masterly touch of Hooker's executive influence.
Thoroughly rested, well clothed, well fed, and confident, it was
ready for a great campaign. Its munitions of war were the best
known at that day. Its rank and file were seasoned and dis-
ciplined. Its line and field officers were generally experienced
and enjoyed the full confidence of their subordinates. Among
its corps commanders were men who within a few months were
to achieve high fame for themselves and win great honor for their
country. That army could and would on its spring campaign
have delivered the most crushing blow that the rebellion had
received, had it not been for the mysterious and fatal breakdown
of its leader in the very crisis of its work.
Early in April Hooker had perfected his plans. Absentees
were recalled, and careful preparations were made for a bold
aggressive movement. The hour was auspicious. Lee had care-
fully fortified his side of the Rappahannock at all the crossings
as far north as United States Ford, some thirteen miles above
Fredericksburg, where hg deflected his work:s to the re^^r to der
86 Soldiers True
fend the roads from Chancellorsville to Spottaylvania Court
House, and he felt so secure that he had se•^t Longstreet with
Hood's and Pickett's divisions to the south side of the James
River near Petersburg. Hooker planned to turn his adversary's
left by a wide flanking march across the Rappahannock and Rapi-
dan Rivers, in the hope of compelling him to come out of his in-
trenchments and accept battle in an open field of the Union com-
mander's own selection. The movement depended for its success
upon secrecy and celerity. It was absolutely necessary that the
bulk of the Army of the Potomac should be thrown southwest
of the river and established upon Lee's flank, without the latter's
knowledge, if the desired tactical advantage was to be had, and
Hooker executed this part of his plan with exceptional ability.
He placed Sedgwick in command of the First, Third, and his
own corps with instructions to make a demonstiation in great
force at Tranklin's crossing, and thus hold the attention of the
enemy and mask the real movement. This was done on April
29; That same day Stoneman crossed the river at United States
Ford and fell with vigor on Lee's railroad communications, ef-
fectively destroying them for nearly twenty miles. At the same
time the remaining corps of the army were swinging rapidly
around Lee's line from the north. Three crossings were to be
used — Banks's Ford, seven miles above Fredericksburg; United
States Ford, six miles farther up ; and Kelly's Ford, twenty-five
miles north of Fredericksburg. These fords were to be promptly
forced, the Rapidan was to be passed at Ely's Ford and Ger-
manna Bridge, and the four flanking corps were to concentrate
at Chancellorsville, on the eastern edge of the Wilderness. The
rivers were from two hundred to three hundred feet wide at the
places of crossing, and at the time were high, rapid, and barely
fordable.
On Monday, April 27, the army was in silent motion, with
eight days' rations and sixty rounds of ammunition carried on
the persons of the men. On that day the Eleventh and Twelfth
Corps moved by Avay of Stafford Court House to Hart wood
SoLDiiiKS True 87
Church. i\t four o'clock on the afternoon of the 28th they were
at Kelly's Ford. Crossing at four o'clock the next morning, they
advanced to the Rapidan, Geary's division in front. Cavalry
opposition was met all the way, and at Germanna Bridge a post
of one hundred and twenty-five infantry was captured. The
river was in flood, and the enemy had destroyed the bridge. Part
of the troops waded the current with difficulty, while a temporary
foot bridge was thrown over it, on which the remainder of the
commands crossed at night in a heavy shower, and encamped
beyond the stream. At daylight on the 30th the march was re-
sumed southward, resisting a cavalry attack from its rig^ and
early in the afternoon the two corps arrived at Chancellorsville
and went into line just beyond the Chancellor House, in a woods
on the right of the plank road, having made a march of more
than sixty miles in little over three days. Sykes's and Grif-
fin's divisions of Meade's Fifth Corps followed Slocum and
Howard at Kelly's Ford, and crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford,
south of Germanna, reaching Chancellorsville at noon. The
Rapidan empties into the Rappahannock above United States
Ford. This movement had uncovered the crossing at that point,
and two divisions of Couch's Second Corps passed over during
the afternoon, and these were followed by Sickles's Third Corps
at nine o'clock on the morning of May i. Hooker had met his
advance corps in person on the field on the afternoon of the 30th.
Four of his army corps were now with him at Chancellorsville,
and three were thirteen miles away under Sedgwick at Freder-
icksburg. The commander of the Army of the Potomac had
completely deceived and surprised his wary adversary, and had
placed him between the two strong, though widely separated,
wings of his army. His movement had been brilliantly executed
without a hitch. Lee's communications were seriously broken
and imperiled by the cavalry that was still in his rear, and his
army seemed to be caught in the jaws of a vise. Hooker felt
that he was on the threshold of a most decisive victory, and was
greatly elated. He issued a general order immediately on his
88 Soldiers True
arrival* which shows that he regarded the victory as being already
as good as won. And his strange overconfidence led him that
evening into a privately made remark that greatly shocked those
who heard it. and must ever be deprecated by all who wish to
respect his character and his memory. f
A more unpromising location in which to give battle could
scarcely have been chosen than Chancellorsville. The country
near it was flat and barren, and thickly overgrown with scrub
oaks and heavy underbrush. It was. in fact, on the eastern edge
of the jungle in which Grant fought the battle of the Wilderness
one year later, and this jungle covered the greater part of the
field. It derived its name not from any village, for there was
none, but from a large cleared farm, on which stood the Chan-
cellor House, a brick dwelling having a high front veranda. At
a right angle with this house a plank road extended through the
thick woods beyond toward Fredericksburg. Diverging from this
road eastward toward the river the old turnpike ran a mile or
less from and nearly parallel to it for six miles, when it con-
verged upon it. And still eastward was a country highway
known as the river road — three roads in all leading south.
Sharply intersecting the Chancellor farm south of the mansion,
and nearly east and west, was the road opening down to United
States Ford. Other roads on the west wound through the
wilderness and came upon the plank road in the rear. A mile
or more to the north of the Chancellor House was Dowdall's tav-
ern, and between these points were a country church, a cemetery,
and a marsh. Between one and two miles south, toward Fred-
*"It is with heartfelt satisfaction," this boastful utterance declares, "that the com-
manding general announces to the army that the operations of the last three days
have determined that our enemy must ingloriously fly, or come out from behind
his defenses and give us battle on our own ground, where certain destruction awaits
him."
tGeneral Hooker took supper on the evening of April 30 with General Slocum and
a few members of the latter's staff. Among these was the late Lieutenant Colonel
S. H. Sturdevant, chief commissary of the Twelfth Corps, and an intimate personal
friend of the author. Colonel Sturdevant declared that during the meal Hooker,
making a violent gesture, said: "The Army of Northern \'irginia is the legitimate
property of the Army of the Potomac. We will take possession of it to-morrow, and
.Mmighty God himself cannot prevent it!"
Soldiers True 89
cricksburg. was a line of liills extending from the river toward
the west. The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps formed a line facing
the south and curving sliarply to the west from the right of the
plank road to a little brook known as Hunting River, the Eleventh
on the right. On the east of the plank road extending to the
river were the Second and Fifth Corps, Meade being on the left
flank. Sickles with the Third was massed near them. There
was little or no cavalry at hand, an omission that was to prove
fatal, for Howard's Eleventh Corps presented an entirely unde-
fended flank near the run. (3n his front and left was a clearing
known as Fairview. Geary's division of the Twelfth Corps was
immediately on the right of the plank road, his first brigade on
the left, the second in the center, and the third on the right and
connecting with Williams's division. During the night of the
30th he constructed abatis and placed obstructions on the road.
Knap's and Hampton's batteries were posted on rising ground
to command the front.
Friday morning dawned and nearly passed before any move-
ment was made. At eleven o'clock Meade was ordered forward
by the river road. With Griffin and Humphreys on that road and
Sykes with liis regulars on the turnpike he passed bravely out.
Slocum was on his right on the plank road, while Howard was
massed one mile behind him. This strong force proceeded one
and one quarter miles to the hills just mentioned, where they en-
countered the enemy's advance. Sykes gained the crest on a
double-quick. Weed's battery was brought up, and the command-
ing position was secured on which the battle of Chancellorsville
should have been fought. Kane's brigade led Geary's division,
the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania being in the ad-
vance, deployed as skirmishers. It broke its way into the thicket,
over fallen logs, through brier patches, and amid the tangled un-
derbrush, and engaged an enemy that it could not see. Artillery
fire swept our line, but by alternately lying down and rushing for-
ward the march was kept up until open ground in front was
gained and the enemy's position was ascertained, and the corps
go Soldiers True
was preparing to establish itself in alignment with Sykes. on the
left, and with the Third and Eleventh Corps, which all supposed
would be brought up on the right. To the dismay of Meade and
Slocum, however, at one o'clock orders were received by them to
retire to their original positions at Chancellorsville.
Meantime Couch had come up to ]\Ieade with Hancock's divi
sion, and it was fully expected that the whole army was moving to
position on this advanced and favorable ground. Instead of
this, the morning's valuable work was wasted, and the successful
columns moved back, while the enemy in full view formed
his lines and posted his batteries on the eminence which had
been ours, and from which he was to harass our lower and weaker
lines. "My God !" exclaimed Meade, in horror, as he beheld the
blunder, "if we cannot hold the top of a hill we certainly cannot
hold the bottom of it !'"* The chief engineer of the army, General
Warren, urged the advance movement, and greatly desired the
occupation of this high ground, but Hooker was obdurate. He
had decided to fight a defensive battle on an untenable field. His
line was so sharply refused to the rear on the right of the plank
road that it nearly formed a salient, and before the battle was
ended it was one. It was commanded by the enemy's guns, it
was crowded, and it was surrounded on front and right flank by
an entangling thicket that hindered movement and hid the foe.
It was. in short, a death trap.
The regiment covered the rear as the brigade moved back
under a hea\y fire, but in excellent order. After the division
had taken its place in the works Colonel Cobham was ordered
out to bring in a section of Knap's batter\-. which the command
did with small loss. Private John C. Ellis, of Company G. was
shot in the back of the head and reported killed, but a few weeks
later he reappeared for duty none the worse for his experience, the
bullet having passed around his head beneath the scalp and es-
caped through his cheek. The enemy followed up and tried our
lines repeatedly with infantry and artillery, but without serious
*Pennypacker's Life of General Meade, p. ii6.
Soldiers True 91
cJTcct. Thus the in'oiiiisini; oijcralioiis of the whole day were
brought to naught, and tlie splenchd ad\antage uf the great llank
movement was unaccountably surrendered.
That night the Army of the Potomac, for the first time since
it had left the peninsula, put itself into intrenchments. A great
part of it had no spades or axes, but with bayonets, tin plates,
pieces of boards, and bare hands the men managed to build a
formidable line of works. Logs, roots, and stones were utilized,
and, filled in with earth, presented by morning an effective shelter.
As the men of the Twelfth Corps labored through the night they
stirred up a large covey of whip-poor-will. These nocturnal birds
seemed to fill the low thickets, and on noiseless, invisible wing
they darted through the lines and over the jungle, uttering their
piercing, defiant cry. The sound was a trifle uncanny, and some
of the superstitious thought it ominous. The tremble of the
cleft air, the fleeting shadow, the apparently disembodied note,
now here, now there, suggested evil spirits, but the listening men
answered the call, and cries of "Whip-hee-zvcll !" "Won't-we-
Joef" and "Yes-we-7C'/7/.''' echoed along the trenches and silenced
the wild birds.
Lee was prompt to profit by Hooker's strange indecision. He
had deployed Anderson's division on his right, and leaving Early,
of Jackson's corps, and one brigade of McLaws's division strongly
supported by artillery to hold Sedgwick, he had prolonged his
advancing line by the remainder of McLaws's and Jackson's troops
on his left. With these forces he confronted Hooker's front at
Chancellorsville, which was now defended by Meade and Couch
on the left, Slocum in the center, and Sickles and Howard on the
right in the order named, the center constituting an angle with
both flanks refused toward the rear. During the night of
May I Lee and Jackson were in council, and with the utmost
secrecy the bold flank movement was planned by which the three
divisions of the latter officer were to be swung around Chancel-
lorsville to the left by a series of w'ood roads, in a forced march of
more than twenty miles, for the purpose of surprising and crush-
92 Soldiers True
ing Hooker's right, and inclosing him on the river. The move-
ment was to be covered by Fitzhugh Lee's cavalry under Stuart,
which was to keep between Jackson and Hooker to mask the for-
mer and guard his trains. It was a hazardous, almost a reckless,
maneuver, for it split the Confederate army into three parts and
exposed it to overthrow in detail. But, as we shall see, it com-
pletely deceived the Union commander and resulted in the most
brilliant stroke of Stonewall Jackson's career, though it cost him
his life.
To divert attention from this movement, Lee actively attacked
Hooker's left front on the morning of the 2d in a series of en-
gagements that nearly attained the magnitude of a battle. The
Twelfth Corps was kept busy in repulsing assaults on its works,
and reconnoitering the front. At three o'clock Kane's brigade
was again sent forward over the rough ground that it had
occupied on the previous day, with orders to silence a battery
that was annoying its line. It charged five hundred yards
through the jungle under a terrific fire, to close range, where,
lying upon the ground, it received a storm of canister shot from
artillery it could not see, and from which point, before it could
rush the guns, it was peremptorily ordered back to the trenches.
During this charge Colonel Cobham narrowly escaped death. He
had recently returned from a leave of absence, and carried in the
breast pocket of his coat a large wallet filled with currency and
official papers. Behind this wallet in his vest was a new gold
watch. A bullet struck the wallet point-blank, penetrated its con-
tents, and shattered the watch into fragments, but fortunately
made no wound beyond a severe bruise. Lieutenant Patterson,
of Company E, was wounded at the same time.
In the meantime the dense clouds of dust that Jackson's march
occasioned were noticed far away in the southwest. Hooker and
many of his principal officers believed this indicated the retreat
of Lee's army toward Gordonsville. They were fully convinced
that the Confederate chief, finding himself outgeneraled and out-
numbered, was, as Hooker had in part predicted, "ingloriously
SoLDFERs True 93
llying."' Ik' tclcs^ rallied his cliicf ul stall", "We kiKJU the (.uc'iu)
is tlccinjj;. tryiiii;' to save his trains." dciieral Slucuin nj<.\c (Knvn
to the hue at the i)laiik road, and pointing to the rising clouds
of dust exclaimed, "Lee is surely in retreat, and we must be ready
to fall upon his rear and destroy him !" A wave of great elation
rolled along the trenches, and cheers hlled the air. At three-
thirty o'clock Sickless divisions, under llirney. Uerr}-, and Whip-
ple, Birne\" leading, were ordered forward in pursuit. They
-sprang over the works in the directicjn of the Catharpin and I'"ur-
nace roads and disappeared in the thicket. Tearing through the
briers and bushes without much regard for alignment, they
hurried on until they reached the b\irnace long after Jackson
had passed, and witlunU suspecting his presence. They came
upon the rear of his train, defended by one regiment, and were
preparing for attack, when they were excitedly ordered back with
the astounding information that Jackson was on our right t. ik,
and it was with difficulty and not without peril that they regained
the lines. Williams, of Slocum's first division, had been sent to
support Sickles, but on his return he w^as unable to resume his
entire position on Geary's right, and massed two of his brigades
on the left of the plank road connecting behind Geary, with Berry
on the right.
Between five and six o'clock the tornado broke on Howard's
undefended flank. No cavalry was guarding him. and no dan-
ger was feared. His men were taken unawares. Some of them
had stacked arms and were lounging carelessly about. It was
a criminal situation. Before a stand could be made Jackson's
twenty-six thotisand men burst upon them from the woods like
demons. Brigade after brigade broke and fled. Without arms
or hats the panic-stricken Germans who had "fought mit Sigel,"
and who now "ran mit Howard," rolled rearward, a helpless,
crazed mob, intent on nothing but personal safety. It was the
most disgraceful stampede of the war. Behind the Twelfth Corps
intrenchmcnts, over the plain to the Chancellor House, into the
woods behind it, through lines of brave men. unheeding the com-
94 Soldiers True
mands and the swords of officers, the insanely terrified horde
struggled back in awful and unmanly fright. To Geary's men,
just returned to their trenches, it looked as if the end of all things
had come. Never had the American army witnessed such a panic.
But the white star soldiers were undismayed. They were furious
with wrath. Men and officers alike leaped upon the flying fugi-
tives with musket butt and sword point and forced some of them
into the works. They mocked them, they cursed them, they
would willingly have shot them to have halted the mad stampede.
But it was useless. A great part of the men of the Eleventh
Corps were for the time eliminated from the army, and, trembling
and sobbing, even such as were halted by their comrades stole
away in the twilight, crying, "The river! The river!"
During these few minutes of panic a prompt and magnificent
resistance was organized. Pleasonton rallied twenty-four guns
from different batteries, and the gallant Captain Best assembled
thirty-eight others upon the slight crest near Fairview, and these
pieces poured a hurricane of shells over the heads of our men
into the faces of the advancing enemy at five hundred yards.
The Eighth Pennsylvania Cavalry, imder Major Keenan, charged
like a later "light brigade" into the ranks of the foe. Berry's
division, with William Hays's on his right, rushed in with in-
trepid valor. Birney took position in front of Williams on
Geary's right. Meade hurried Sykes at double-quick out on the
Ely's Ford road, and Reynolds, who had just arrived, prolonged
Sykes's line to the Rapidan. The remainder of Meade's corps
and Couch were on the Mineral Spring road, holding the left,
where Anderson and McLaws were adding to the demonstration,
in hope of weakening the resistance to Jackson. For four hours
the battle raged like a tempest. The evening sky was filled with
the fire of bursting shells from the throats of more than one hun-
dred guns, and the roll of musketry on the right and left was
incessant. It was a grand and an exciting spectacle in which
a mighty army, cruelly disadvantaged, was fighting for its life.
Hooker's headquarters were in the midst of the fire, and were for
Soldiers True 95
the moment scritnisly llireatciicd. JJut Pleasonton's prumpl dis-
positions, and the rcmarkaljle battle made Ijy the artillery and
infantry in Jackson's front, together with Meade's movement of
Sykes's division and Reynolds's timely arrival, finally checked the
enemy's assault. Jackson's men were weary with their long
march, and had expended their strength in their first tremendous
im])act. Their leader was mortally wounded in the early dark-
ness, probably by his own men as he was examining the field, and
by ten o'clock the roar of conflict subsided.
On Sunday morning, May 3, the First and Fifth Corps
stretched northeast and northwest in rear of Chancellorsville,
converging upon the plank road near the mansion. The Eleventh
Corps was in rear on the left. The Second, Twelfth, and Third
were practically in their former lines across the plank road, their
flanks refused to the rear. There was no feeling of discourage-
ment in the army. The rout of the Eleventh Corps was regarded
as an incident, serious and dramatic, it is true, but an incident of
battle only. The other troops were intact. Reynolds had not
been engaged, and the repulse of Jackson was considered as a pos-
itive victory. At least seventy thousand men were in line confi-
dent and expectant, and calmly awaiting orders to renew and win
the battle. All they needed was a leader to direct the work. But
by a hard stroke of fate the Army of the Potomac was to find
itself that day upon an unfortunately chosen field of battle with-
out a head. For reasons that have never been fully explained
General Hooker was not himself at Chancellorsville. After ably
planning and executing his march to the field he seems to have
])ersonally collapsed. His confidence suddenly forsook him. He
assuiued defensive tactics. He wasted nearly two days of the
most valuable time in hesitation. He positively refused, in de-
fiance of his chief engineer and his ablest corps commanders, to
put his army on favorable ground which was already in his pos-
session. He failed to locate his adversary, and permitted himself
to be grossly and fatally deceived regarding a prolonged tactical
movement that he ought to have foreseen and forestalled, for the
7
96 Soldiers True
reason that it was made within sight. He virtually transferred
the command to Couch on the 3d, and then forbade Couch to ex-
ercise command as he, Hooker, was still on the field. At a council
of war held on the night of the 4th, with Reynolds, Couch,
Sickles, Meade, and Howard present, he left the question of con-
tinuing the battle to these officers, and retired personally from the
council. Four of these five corps commanders were in favor of
renewing the contest, although one of them (Couch) was un-
willing to do so under Hooker. The next day Reynolds, Couch,
and Meade determined upon a resumption of hostilities, even with-
out the head of the army, Reynolds saying to ]\Ieade that he
would support him, and that together they would do what fighting
there was to be done, and Meade sent a stafif officer to find Hooker
and ask for orders. The commaning general was found sound
asleep on the other side of the Rappahannock River, and he per-
sisted in his order for the retreat of the army.*
All this was entirely uncharacteristic of "Fighting Joe"
Hooker. What was the matter ? On the morning of the 3d as he
was leaning against a pillar on the Chancellor House veranda it
was struck by a cannon shot, and the general was hurled to the
ground and partly stunned. But this does not account for his
hesitation and inactivity on the ist and 2d. The charge of in-
toxication was circulated after the battle, but although it is well
understood that Hooker was not a total abstainer it is entirely
incredible that the commander of a United States army could
lose a great battle through such criminal misconduct as this and
not be brought to account for it. His corps commanders would
have preferred charges against him on the field, and he would
have been dishonorably dismissed the service, and probably shot,
if this had been true. General Francis A. Walker, in his biog-
raphy of Hancock f probably suggests at least a part of the truth
in the case. He says : "The writer has always believed that they
[General Hooker's actions at Chancellorsville] were due partly
to lack of that firm moral stamina which is so often found to ac-
*Pennypacker's Life of General Meade, pp. 124, 125. +P. 78.
Soldiers True 97
company a spirit of arrogance and boaslfulncss, but chielly to
a nervous collapse occasioned by the excitement and fatigue of
the four preceding days." If this is the whole truth, Hooker's
immediate recovery from his "nervous collapse" was as remark-
able as his sudden seizure by it. Our own judgment is that his
responsibility was too heavy for him. He was unequal to a great
independent command.
The battle of the day was to involve the left and center. On
the left Couch and Hancock resisted every attack with unvar)ing
success. Picket firing had been heavy all night, and soon after
daylight the enemy assaulted the Third and Twelfth Corps, which
were advanced and exposed at the center. J. E. B. Stuart had
succeeded Jackson, and he brought in his three divisions with
great impetuosity. The woods were alive with his men, who
charged Sickles and Geary again and again. Like the waves of
the sea on a rock-bound coast, they dashed at the works, only to
be broken and driven back in fragments. Re-forming and rein-
forced, on they came again, to halt in sheets of fire and be con-
sumed. The "rebel yell" resounded where the note of the whip-
poor-will had been heard. The woods took fire, and nature's
smoke and flame combined to destroy those whom human missiles
spared. Hand-to-hand conflicts took place. Colonel Cobham
captured the flag of the Fifth Alabama Regiment with the officer
who had snatched it from the dying color-bearer. This officer
was Captain Elijah !>. Moseley. His sword was surrendered to
Captain Alexander, of Company D, who, in 1878, discovered him
through the postmaster at Selma, Alabama, and returned the
sword to him. Captain Moseley was deeply touched by this
courtesy, and in a letter to Captain Alexander says : "Your kind-
ness in seeking my address to return to me private pro])erty loads
me with gratitude, and places you, in my estimation, far above
the common man ; as one who at the same time can be just and
generous to the vanquished. . . . Does Colonel George A. Cob-
ham still live? I often remember with gratitude his kindness to
me on that eventful day of my life. When captured, if you re-
98
Soldiers True
member, I was quite ill, and but for tlie colonel's kindness in
forwarding me to the surgeon I must have died. If alive, and in
your vicinity, present him with my kindest remembrance."
The Third Corps was suffering severely, reinforcements were
called for and refused, although Meade and Reynolds were only
one mile distant and were not engaged, and Meade earnestly de-
sired to strike Stuart's flank with the Fifth Corps. At eight
o'clock, exhausted of men and ammunition, Sickles began to re-
Captain W. J. Alexander
tire. The enemy pressed forward and captured his works, enfi-
lading Geary's position from the right. Musketry fire blazed
down the line. Shells plowed through the ranks. Fire came up
from the left. Lieutenant C. M. Kingsbury was shot through the
chest with an unexploded shell. Heads and limbs were blown
off. The trenches became untenable, and our men leaped the
breastworks, preferring the enemy's side to their own. Never
had the command seen such a withering artillery fire. Hancock
stood fast on the left, but Geary was practically left alone on his
line. Hemmed in on three sides, he obeyed an order to bring oiT
Soldiers True 99
his men at nine o'clock, and retired in good order to the rear of
the Chancellor House, which was in flames, where he threw up
new rifle pits in a woods. The smoke and heat of the field vvere
stifling, and in it many of the dead were consumed and not a few
of the wounded perished. The Bullock clearing over which the
command passed was strewn with the victims of the day and
the previous evening. The men were suffering for water and
were beginning to want for food, their eight days' rations being
exhausted. Hancock followed Geary, and the w'hole advanced
line to the south was abandoned. The enemy brought his artillery
up and poured in a converging fire from his encircling front upon
the center marked by the Chancellor House. It was terrific and
did not slacken until afternoon, but no further infantry ap-
proaches were attempted. Two fifths of the army had not as yet
been seriously engaged, and ample strength remained to assume
the offensive and dislodge the foe, but Hooker was himself fin-
ished. There was no fight left in him.
All this time Sedgwick, with the Sixth Corps, had been prac-
tically unheard from. Having failed to uncover Banks's Ford
by his withdrawal from his advanced position to Chancellorsville,
on the 1st, Hooker had cut himself off from Sedgwick and had
prevented the latter from joining him. On the 2d his dispatch
to the President shows that he was hoping against hope that the
Sixth Corps would relieve the pressure against him by threaten-
ing Lee's rear. But the situation at the front had enabled Lee to
detach part of McLaws's command to Early's assistance against
Scdgwnck. Tiie latter was caught between these forces at Salem
Church, five miles out of Fredericksburg. On the 4th Anderson
with three brigades reinforced McLaws, and thus, threatened by
a too dangerous force, Sedgwick on that night escaped by Banks's
Ford to the other side of the Rappahannock.
Jackson's three divisions, under Stuart, alone remained with
Lee in Hooker's front, and with the troops at the latter's com-
mand they should have been driven off. But all day on Monday
the commanding general kept the army inactive in its trenches
100 Soldiers True
on the new and shorter line, to the great relief, no doubt, of the
enemy. On Tuesday, the 5th, arrangements for recrossing the
river were made, and by Wednesday morning the army was over,
and one of the best planned and worst conducted battles of the
war passed into history.
The battle of Chancellorsville ended not by the defeat or vic-
tory of either army, but by the peremptory order of General
Hooker. Its result was an entirely unnecessary disaster to the
Union arms. The proud army was disappointed and humiliated.
The men had no thought that they were beaten, and would have
remained there, as they stayed near there one year later, for a
week if it had been necessary. Every corps commander except
Sickles was in favor of continuing the battle, and one of them, at
least, as we now know, could have fought it to success. Meade
was anxious to remain. Howard longed for the opportunity to
retrieve the honor of his corps. Reynolds dispatched Meade that
"some one should be waked up to take command of this army,"
and he might well think so. for his own corps had not fired a shot.
Couch resigned his command in impatient disgust, and Slocum
declared to President Lincoln that he would never again take the
Twelfth Corps into action under Hooker. The Army of the Po-
tomac outnumbered the Army of Northern Virginia almost two
to one, and despite its wretched dispositions and lack of tactical
leadership it could and should have overwhelmed it. The result
cannot be excused.
On the evening of May 3 General Kane, worn out and ill,
turned over the command of his brigade to Colonel Cobham. The
next day it was removed to a hill on the Mineral Spring road, and
once more intrenched itself. A heavy downpour of rain, a lower
temperature, and the total absence of rations added to its dis-
comfort. The men were without tents or other shelter, and for
forty-eight hours were without food. The river was rapidly
rising, and for a time it seemed that nature itself was demanding
a renewal of the battle. But the pontoons held, and after mid-
night on Tuesday the command passed over United States Ford
SoLUlliUS TkUli lOI
and went into bivouac. Rations were received and divided
with other regiments that were still unsupplied. The march
was resumed, z'iii Hartwood Church and Stafford Court House,
and on Thursday, the 7th, the old camps at Acquia Creek
were reoccupied.
Lee's loss in the campaign was reported as ten thousand two
hundred and eighty-one. Hooker's casualties at Chancellorsville
were twelve thousand one hundred and forty-five; Sedgwick's
were more than forty-seven hundred ; and the aggregate loss to the
whole army was seventeen thousand two hundred and eighty-
seven. The Twelfth Corps reported a loss of twenty-eight hun-
dred and eighty-three, Geary's division twelve hundred and nine,
and the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment twenty-four. First
Lieutenant Caspar M. Kingsbury, of Company F, was killed.
Major Boyle was slightly w^ounded in the hand, and Second Lieu-
tenant William L. Patterson was wounded. Five enlisted men
were killed, twelve were wounded, and six were reported missing.
The official rolls report the names of only five of the wounded.*
In some cases the record is "wounded in action," and it is impos-
sible to designate the time and place. Nearly all the regimental
casualties took place on Sunday, IVIay 3, and that they were so
light is due largely to the fact that for the first time the regiment
fought behind breastworks.
* Killed: Company A, Private Kendrick Huntley. Company H, Sergeant Edson
C. Hills. Company F, Private Gustavus Comstock. Company K, Privates Thomas C.
Morrison, George W. Hills. Wounded : Company A, Private Clayton D. Reynolds.
Company B, Private Andrew J. Cevell. Company E, Private William D. Norton.
Company G. Private John C. Ellis. Company H, Sergeant Abram \V. Higernell.
I02 Soldiers True
CHAPTER VII
Gettysburg:
BOR six weeks after the brief and unfortunate Chancellors-
ville campaign the Army of the Potomac remained in
its camps between Fredericksburg and the Potomac
River. The First and Sixth Corps were near White Oak Church,
one division of the latter guarding FrankHn's crossing below the
town. The Second and Third were near Falmouth. The Fifth
covered the river as far north as United States Ford. The
Eleventh was near Brooke's Station, on the Acquia Creek Rail-
road, and the Twelfth was at Acquia Creek and Stafford Court
House. The cavalry was at Brooke's Station and Warrenton
Junction, with headquarters at Manassas. Lee was in force in his
old position on the heights of Fredericksburg. Both armies were
gathering strength for new and decisive operations. The weather
had settled into the charm of early summer, and the high ground,
the luxuriant young foliage, and the glad notes of the robin and
bluebird made the camps of Geary's division a military picnic.
Drills and inspections were resumed, sick and wounded men re-
turned, the causes of the recent misfortune were well and gen-
erally understood, and a profound feeling of earnestness was in
the hearts of the men. They realized that Chancellorsville must
be atoned. Its result rankled within them, and they looked to
their commander for the opportunity of vindication. Their faith
in Hooker was shaken, but it was not destroyed. His general
order summing up the recent operations did not satisfy them, but
it gave them hope, and they were eager to be afield again.
During the interval of inaction at Acquia Creek the wife and
daughter of the major visited the regimental camp. Captain
Green, the assistant adjutant general of the brigade, courteously
Colonel and Brevet Brigadier General George A. Cobhann, Jr.
Soldi i:ks True 105
gave up his quarters to them, and these lathes spent several very
interesting days in looking upon camp life. Their presence was
a social event to the officers, and little excursions in ambulances
through the extensive camps gave them some conception of the
magnitude and routine life of a great army. They remained
until the march to Gettysburg began, when they bade farewell to
the beloved husband and father whom they were never again to
see in life in this world.
Lee, in the meantime, was preparing for the greatest strategical
stroke of his life. His unsuccessful invasion of Maryland in
September, 1862, had not satisfied him, and he now proposed to
respond to Hooker's recent flanking movement by a far greater
one, which would not only turn the Union commander's right
but would place the Southern army across the Potomac and upon
Penns\lvania soil, and thus threaten Harrisburg, Baltimore,
Washington, and Philadelphia, and transfer the theater of war
to a Xorthern State. He believed that a successful movement of
this magnitude would break down the support of the national
government and secure foreign intervention for the Southern
Confederacy, and so terminate the war in its favor. Longstreet,
Lee's ablest officer, favored, instead, combinations in the West
for the relief of Vicksburg, wdiich was being invested by Grant,
but yielded his views on condition that the Northern invasion
should involve only the contribution of supplies and the risk of
defensive battles. This officer was recalled with his detached
troops to Lee's front, and the army was reorganized into three
strong corps, Longstreet commanding the First, and Ewell and
A. P. Hill, who were promoted lieutenant generals, the Second
and Third. It consisted of thirty-nine brigades of infantry, five
of cavalry, and fifteen battalions of artillery, of four batteries of
four guns each, which, with the reserve, aggregated two hundred
and eighty-seven pieces and constituted a total force of nearly
eighty thousand men. The Army of the Potomac had fifty-one
infantry brigades, many of them greatly decimated, eight
l)rigades of cavalry, and about three hundred and seventy pieces
io6 Soldiers True
of artillery, in all an effective strength of nearly one hundred
thousand.
Lee's carefully considered plan was to send Ewell's Second
Corps to the Potomac through the Shenandoah valley, protected by
the Blue Ridge and South Mountain, and across the river through
western Maryland into southeastern Pennsylvania. Jenkins's
and Imboden's cavalry was to accompany its march, and all avail-
able supplies were to be captured cii route. The First Corps and
the bulk of Stuart's cavalry were ordered to advance east of the
Blue Ridge, occupying its gaps, with their trains behind the
mountains, threatening Hooker's rear and masked by Stuart.
The Third Corps was to pass behind the First. Beauregard was
to be recalled to Mrginia. with such troops as he could bring,
and with Pickett's division of the First Corps, was expected to
veil the general movement and threaten Washington if possible.
The Third Corps was to be the last to leave Hooker's front at
Fredericksburg. The Second and Third Corps were to cross the
Potomac at Williamsport and Shepherdstown in divided columns
and march through Hagerstown and Chambersburg toward Har-
risburg and Wrightsville. The First was to go over at Williams-
port, and Stuart's cavalry, also crossing at this point, was to ad-
vance rapidly toward Baltimore. These orders were subsequently
so modified that Stuart was permitted to make a raid in rear of
Hooker, a movement that deprived Lee of his presence at the
crisis of the campaign. The general march of the Southern army
was begun on June 3.
Hooker's observations revealed the fact that Lee was vacating
his front, and he sent Pleasonton across the Rappahannock to
Brandy Station, where on the 9th Stuart was found and a spirited
cavalry engagement took place, and dispatches were captured that
disclosed some of the facts in the case. On the 13th. assured that
Lee was moving. Hooker broke camp and marched east and north
with his whole army to find him. On the 14th the Twelfth Corps
was at Dumfries, on the 15th it reached Fairfax Court House, on
the 17th it was near Dranesville, and on the i8th it arrived at
Soldiers True 107
Leesburi^-, tlnx-c miles from I'jhvards Ferry, (jii the Potomac,
where it remained until the 26th. Colonel Cohham had retained
coniniand of the brigade since Chancellorsville, and he was or-
dered into Fort Beauregard, at Leesburg, with instructions to
intrench the hill on which it stood. Knap's battery was posted
with his troops, and Cohham was directed to defend the ferry
against any of the enemy who might appear. Ball's Bluff battle-
field was near this ground, and a number of the command visited
the scene of Colonel Baker's death, and saw the rows of graves
and the bleaching bones of horses that marked the tragic spot.
On the 24t]i tlie l)rigade pickets were attacked but were not
driven in.
While at this place the regiment witnessed a military execu-
tion. Three men from another command in the corps had been
convicted of desertion and sentenced to be shot. The divisions
were drawn up on three sides of a hollow square. Three graves
were dug in a line facing them, and unpainted pine coffins were
placed in front of them. The prisoners, without hats or coats,
and manacled, were driven up in ambulances under charge of the
provost guard. A chaplain said a brief prayer. The culprits
were seated on the cofifins, facing the troops, and were blind-
folded. The ambulances drove to one side, and a platoon of the
guard took position in front of the condemned men. Their guns
had been loaded by others, some with ball and some with blank
cartridges, so that no man might know that he fired the shot that
was to take a comrade out of the world. It was morning and
the summer sun shone fair. The ranks stood silent and at at-
tention. Xot a sound was heard but a bird's distant note. No
one seemed to breathe. The prisoners with bowed heads and
compressed lips waited unmoved but in horror inexpressible for
the fatal word. "Ready !" rang out the sharp command, and the
click of twenty gimlocks was heard. "Aim!" "Fire!" came the
word, and with their breasts covered with blood the three bodies
fell forward, and the poor fellows who had been guilty of one of
the highest oflfenses known to military law had paid with their
io8 Soldiers True
young lives the penalty of their crime. The troops shouldered
arms, and every regiment marched past the coffins and the
ghastly forms of the dead, and as the living filed from the field
the earth hid the sorry spectacle from sight forever. The sicken-
ing exhibition had been deemed necessary in the interest of
discipline.
By this time Ewell had defeated Milroy at Winchester, and was
at Chambersburg and Carlisle, terrifying the inhabitants of the
Cumberland valley and alarming Harrisburg. York and Gettys-
burg had surrendered to Gordon. Stuart, who had marched
around the Army of the Potomac, was anxiously trying to rejoin
Lee on Hooker's right, but was intercepted and held off by
Pleasonton's cavalry. Longstreet and Hill were beyond the
Potomac, and Hooker was crossing south of them at Ed-
wards Ferry. Rain was descending in torrents, and the
Twelfth Corps marched on June 26th to the mouth of the
Monocacy, in ^Maryland, in mud and storm. The next day the
headquarters of the army were at Frederick. The First and
Third Corps were at Middletown. the Second was at Bamesville,
the Fifth was near Frederick, the Sixth was near Poolesville, and
the Twelfth was at Knoxville. Buford's cavalry division was
near Jefferson, and Gregg's was approaching Frederick, Hooker's
purpose being to concentrate at the latter point and interrupt
Lee's line of conmiunication. To do this he intended to detach
the Twelfth Corps and use it in connection with the garrison at
Harper's Ferry. General Halleck refused his request for the
Harper's Ferry troops, and Hooker immediately asked to be re-
lieved from command. Longstreet says :* "If General Hooker
had been granted the authority for which he applied he
would have struck our trains, exposed from Chambersburg
to the Potomac, without a cavalryman to ride and report the
trouble."
Hooker was relieved by a War Department order dated June
Q."], and he relinquished the command at daylight on the following
*From Manassas to Appomattox, p. 348.
Soldiers True 109
nioriiiiig- in a general urdcr to the arniy.'^ This was a startling-
illustration of what President Lincoln on a later occasion desig-
nated as "swaiJijing- horses while crossing a stream," but, while
the peril of the experiment was felt by all, it was regarded by
many of the more thoughtful officers of high rank as a fortunate
occurrence.
George Gordon Meade, who was so suddenly summoned from
command of the Fifth Corps to that of the Army of the Potomac,
was born of American parents, at Cadiz, Spain, on December 31,
1815. Plis father was a citizen of Philadelphia, and his mother
was from Perth Amboy, New Jersey. They resided abroad for
seventeen years, and returned to the United States wdien their
son was a little child. The father died before the boy was thirteen
years of age. From a boarding school near Philadelphia the lad
was placed under the tuition of Salmon P. Chase, afterward
Secretary of the United States Treasury, and through his in-
fluence was appointed to the Military Academy in 183 1. He
graduated number nineteen in a class of fifty-six, and was the
only member of his class to attain distinction in the army. He
w^as assigned to the Third /Vrtillery, but resigned the following
year and engaged in civil engineering. In 1842 he reentered the
army as a topographical engineer, and served with credit during
the Mexican War. He subsequently did very important work in
a geodetic survey of the Great Lakes as captain of engineers. On
August 31, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier general of vol-
unteers and commanded first a brigade and then the division con-
taining the fifteen Pennsylvania reserve regiments. He was
twice wounded at Newmarket Crossroads, on the peninsula, but
was in the field and on duty during Pope's campaign. At
.\ntietam he commanded the Third Division of the First Corps,
and after the wounding of TTooker, the corps itself. On Novem-
* In this communication he says: "In conformity with the orders of the War De-
partment, dated June 27, 1863, I relinquish command of the Army of the Potomac.
It is transferred to Major General George G. Meade, a hrave and accomplished officer,
who has nobly earned the confidence and esteem of this army on many a well-fought
field."
no Soldiers True
ber 29, 1862, he was appointed major general of volunteers. At
Fredericksburg he charged the Confederate left with his division
in a movement that has been compared to Pickett's celebrated
charge at Gettysburg, and for a time secured a foothold upon the
enemy's lines. After that battle he was placed in command of
the Center Grand Division until this formation was abolished,
when he came to the head of the Fifth Corps, which he led at
Chancellorsville, as we have seen, and was commanding it at the
moment of his promotion.
General Meade was in his forty-eighth year, tall and slender in
person, with full dark beard and thin, partly gray hair. His fore-
head was high and white, his eyes large and expressive, his nose
prominent, his manner positive, calm, and resened. but at times
vehement. His mind was highly trained and logical, and his
temperament was impetuous. He possessed great natural dignity,
an innate and lofty pride, a vigorous conscience, an unyielding
will. He lacked the magnetism that excites superficial applause.
but embodied the greatness and fidelity that inspire respect and
attract worth. It is said* that his ear was so well trained that,
awakened at night by distant firing, he could tell in an instant
whence the sound proceeded and what troops were engaged, and
that his eye for topography was so skilled that on looking at a
range of hills he could describe the nature of the ground beyond
them, and tell where the streams were and in what direction they
flowed. He was. without doubt, the third man in the great trium-
virate of military leaders that the civil war produced on the
Northern side. When the struggle had ended Lee said of him
that he feared him more than any man he had ever met in battle.
After ser\nng with great distinction in this position, and in
others of high responsibilit}- after the war, he died at his home in
Philadelphia from pneumonia, complicated by his wounds, and
is buried in an unobtrusive grave in Laurel Hill Cemetery, in
that citA-, beneath a stone that does not even refer to his splendid
militar)- service.
*PennTpacker's Life of General Meade, p. 8.
Soldiers True hi
Such, in a word, was the man who, without notice, was called
from his bivouac to take command of a vast army in the presence
of tlie enemy; whose honor it was, within tln-ee days, to lead that
army successfully to the greatest battlefield of the war, and who
was to remain at its head until the war had ended. Said General
Humphreys in 1872, "Meade, at Gettysburg-, had a more difficult
task than Wellington at Waterloo, and he performed it equally
well, although he had no Bliicher to turn the scale in his favor."
At daybreak he received the command from Hooker, who imme-
diately left the field, and at seven o'clock he telegraphed Halleck
his acceptance of the great trust.* The next morning at four
o'clock his army was in motion northward, in a heavy rainstorm,
on a line extending from Emmittsburg on the west to Manchester
on the east, with cavalry well on the flanks, thus covering all the
roads leading south to Baltimore and Washington. On the way
he discovered the strategic position on Pipe Creek, which his
engineers surveyed and on which they located positions for the
several corps. He pushed on, and on the evening of June 30
his headquarters were at Taneytown, fourteen miles from Gettys-
burg, in Pennsylvania ; the First Corps was at Marsh Creek, six
miles from that place ; the Second at Uniontown, twenty-two
miles distant ; the Third at Bridgeport, twelve miles away ; the
Fifth at Union Mills, fifteen miles ; the Sixth at Manchester,
thirty-four miles ; the Eleventh at Emmittsburg, twelve miles ;
and the Twelfth at Littlestown, nine miles, the latter having
come from Frederick via Taneytown. Buford was in Gettys-
burg.
These movements brought Lee to bay. On the night of the
28th, menaced by this pursuit, he turned his columns backward
for concentration at Cashtow^n, eight miles northwest of Gettys-
*His dispatch said: "The order placing me in command of this army is received.
As a soldier I obey it, and to the utmost of my ability will execute it. Totally un-
expected as it has been, and in ignorance of the exact location of the troops and
position of the enemy, I can only now say that it appears to me I must move toward
the Susquehanna, keeping Washington and Baltimore well covered, and if the enemy
is checked in his attempt to cross the Susquehanna, or if he turns toward Baltimore,
t(i give him battle."
8
1 12 Soldiers True
burg, and by the evening" of the 30th his headquarters were at
Greenwood, eight miles west of Cashtown. Longstreet's corps
was stretched from this point back to Chambersburg, twenty-four
miles west of Gettysburg ; Ewell was at Heidlersburg, ten miles
northeast, and at Green Village, twenty-three miles northeast,
and Hill was at Fayetteville and Cashtown. Thus Meade's army
was on the south and Lee's on the north of Gettysburg.
The Union army had been received on its march through Mary-
land with much enthusiasm. The streets of some of the towns
were filled with welcoming people and the national flag was freely
displayed. When the Pennsylvania line was crossed by the
Twelfth Corps below Littlestown the men from that State seemed
to take new strength from their native heath. All felt that a
great battle was imminent, and the words, "Remember Chancel-
lorsville,"' passed through the ranks like a slogan.
On that day Stuart, seeking for Lee, had encountered Kil-
patrick near Hanover, and had marched for Carlisle. Meade, in
anticipation of battle, had directed Humphreys to study the
ground about Emmittsburg, and Reynolds to examine the condi-
tions at Gettysburg. He knew that the enemy was near at hand,
and directed his corps commanders to address their troops in
orders reciting the tremendous issues that were at stake, and to
hold themselves in readiness for instant action with three days'
rations and sixty rounds of ammunition on the persons of the
men, and with no trains except ammunition wagons and ambu-
lances. And thus the sun set on the eve of the greatest battle of
the century.
It was the crisis of the civil war, and the country was on the
verge of a moral panic. Governor Curtin hastily assembled for
the defense of his State such emergency militia as he could
muster, under the efficient leadership of General Couch. General
French, at Harper's Ferry, was ordered to send the government
property at that place to the capital, to protect the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad in ISIeade's rear, and to be ready, in case of neces-
sity, to throw his troops into the Washington fortifications. The
Soldiers True 113
newspapers were in liysleries. Uusiness came to a slandslill.
Treasure was hidden or spirited away. The streets of the great cit-
ies were filled with pallid, nervous men who eagerly watched the
bulletin boards and anxiously feared for the morrow. Churches
were tiironged with solemn and tearful worshipers. From a half
million homes prayers ascended for the Army of the Potomac,
on whose prowess the fate of the nation hung. In his secret
chamber, at the capital, Abraham Lincoln was on his knees con-
fessing to God that the l)urden of his responsibility had become
unbearable, and invoking the aid of the Lord of battles with an
intensity that brought to him the assurance of the divine favor
and approaching victory. Never before in modern times were
such stupendous issues intrusted to an army in the field as rested
in that hour upon the march-worn, weary Army of the Potomac
and its brave, resolute commander, who from the moment he
assumed its command, for a whole week, was to permit himself
no rest, day or night, until the result was reached. The hopes of
nearly thirty million people and the life of the American repu1)lic
were staked on the strength of Meade's battle line.
Gettysburg is just south of the center of x\dams County, Penn-
sylvania, and is the county seat. It is about ten miles north of
the Maryland line. At the time of the battle it was a village of
some fifteen hundred inhabitants. The South Mountain, which
separates the beautiful section of which it is the center from the
Cumberland valley, lies ten or twelve miles north of the town.
Nine public roads, most of them turnpikes, lead from it toward
nearly every point of the compass. Of these the Carlisle, Mum-
masburg, Chamlicrsburg. and Hagerstown pikes run north, north-
west, and south of west. The Taneytown pike goes directly
south, and the Emmittsburg and Baltimore pikes lead southwest
and southeast respectively. The York pike and the Hanover
road extend northeast and east. South of the town, in lines al-
most north and south, are tw^o nearly parallel ridges, several miles
in length and about one mile apart, which are known as Seminary
and Cemetery Ridges, the latter being the eastward and higher
114 Soldiers True
elevation. Just west of Seminary Ridge is a lesser hill known as
McPherson's Ridge, along whose base flows southward Wil-
loughby Run, and to the north and east are Oak Ridge and other
elevated crests. On the northern point of Cemetery Ridge is the
pretty village churchyard from which it derives its name. Past
the gates of this cemetery the Baltimore pike leads out, and just
across it is a somewhat higher point known as East Cemetery
Hill. Immediately on the right of the latter and extending east-
ward is a fine wooded height of considerable extent called Culp's
Hill, and beyond this across Rock Creek is Wolf's Hill. In pro-
longation of Cemeter)^ Hill on the south is a high rough bowlder-
strewn hill, three hundred feet in height, named Little Round
Top, and beyond this again is a still higher cone-shaped eminence
known as Round Top. A few hundred yards in front of these
rugged heights, toward Seminary Ridge, is a mass of huge
bowlders appropriately designated the Devil's Den, with high
broken ground to the north of it, and between Seminary and
Cemetery Ridges the Emmittsburg pike runs diagonally down.
A diminutive stream, called Plum Run, flows southward at the
foot of the two Round Tops. Within the town was a Lutheran
college, and a female academy at the northern extremity of
Seminary Ridge gave that crest its name. The field of operations,
and the wide-spreading country beyond them are dotted with fine
farms and comfortable rural homes, and at the time of the battle
the wheatfields were hanging heavy with ripened grain, and the
orchards were filled with trees laden with young fruit. On that
last day of June, 1863, men were in the fields, w^omen were in
their kitchens, and children were at school, all unconscious of
the tempest of death that was gathering in their midst.
General Meade's orders for July i placed Reynolds in com-
mand of the First, Third, and Eleventh Corps, and directed him
to march the First and Eleventh to Gettysburg and the Third to
Emmittsburg that day. The Second was to proceed to Taney-
town, the Fifth to Hanover, and the Twelfth (these last two
under Slocum) to Two Taverns. The Sixth remained at Man-
SoLuiEus True 115
Chester, thirty-four miles away. On that Wednesday morning
at five o'clock A. P. Hill placed the two divisions of Heth and
Pender in motion from Cashtown by the Chambersburg pike,
toward Gettysburg. At ten o'clock they found Gamble's brigade
of Buford's cavalry at Willoughby Run, beyond McPherson's
Ridge, northwest of the town, which at once engaged them.
Reynolds was entering Gettysburg as the firing began, at the
head of Wadsworth's division of the First Corps, and hurried it
across the fields in instant support. He deployed the brigades as
quickly as they arrived, along McPherson's Ridge in a woods and
on the open fields, and posted his batteries before Doubleday, who
had succeeded him in command of the corps, had appeared. As
this officer came up the gallant Reynolds, Avhile still making his
dispositions, was shot dead from his horse by a sharpshooter of
the Twenty-sixth North Carolina, named Benjamin Thorpe, and
Doubleday was in charge of the field, and extended the line to
the right. Cutler's and Meredith's brigades of Wadsworth's
division were by this time desperately struggling with Heth's
men. One regiment was nearly surrounded but was cut out by a
brilliant charge. Several hundred of the enemy were forced into
an unfinished railroad cut, where they surrendered. Meredith's
brigade dashed into a woods on the left through which the Con-
federate general Archer was advancing and captured Archer and
one thousand of his men. Rowley's division was brought into
line, and Robinson's was placed in reserve on Seminary Ridge.
Devens's cavalry was sent out on the right to guard that ap-
proach. At eleven-thirty o'clock Howard appeared and took com-
mand of the field. An hour later his three divisions, under Bar-
low, Schimmelpfennig, and Steinwehr, arrived and prolonged
the line in rear of the right to Oak Ridge, Steinwehr in reserve.
About this same time the cavalry announced the approach of
Ewell from Heidlersberg, and threatening Howard's flank.
Rodes, of Ewell's corps, connected and engaged on Hill's left.
Robinson was ordered in to strengthen the Union line, and the
battle raged from the center to the left with increased fury, but
ii6 Soldiers True
the three fine divisions of the First Corps held their ground
against all of Hill's corps and part of Ewell's.
The crest of Oak Ridge had, however, not been occupied. Upon
this Early's division of Ewell's corps, with artillery as well as
infantry, now advanced, Gordon's brigade in front. It charged
Barlow's division from the right flank with great spirit. Barlow
was desperately wounded, and Lieutenant Bayard Wilkinson, of
the Fourth United States Artillery, had a leg nearly severed from
his body by a shell. The intrepid youth (he was but nineteen
years of age) with his penknife detached the dangling limb, and
dragged himself to the almshouse barn, several hundred yards
away, where his body was subsequently found. Howard's line
crumbled and fell back, at first in good order and then in confu-
sion, through the town to Cemetery Ridge. Four o'clock had
come, and the First Corps line, which had stood like a wall for
six hours against desperate odds, was overwhelmed and gave
way. The sixteen thousand five hundred men who were en-
gaged that day on the Union side yielded to the twenty-six thou-
sand five hundred who had opposed them, and the advanced posi-
tion that Reynolds had taken w^as abandoned. Through the
town they retreated to the high ground ofi^ered in the hills below
it, and Lee arrived on the field just in time to see the retreat and
establish his headquarters on Seminary Ridge.
As Rowley's division moved back. Color Sergeant Benjamin
Crippen, of the One Hundred and Forty-third Pennsylvania, of
Stone's brigade, caught his flag to his heart with his left arm and,
turning about defiantly shook his fist at the advancing enemy. In
this attitude he was shot dead, and his regimental monument on
McPherson's Ridge commemorates his courage in bas-relief por-
trait. John Burns, a citizen of Gettysburg, seventy years of age.
volunteered for the day in this division and fought with the One
Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania, and subsequently with Mere-
dith's brigade. He was wounded three times.
At one o'clock Meade, at Taneytown. had heard of Reynolds's
death, and immediately sent Hancock, of the Second Corps, for-
SoLDiiius True 117
ward to take command of the field. All the other corps were
hurried to the front, the Twelfth marching by the Baltimore pike.
Sedgwick, uitli the Sixth, left Manchester at nine o'clock that
night and arrived at four the following afternoon, making a forced
march through the dust and heat of thirty-four miles. Hancock
rode in an ambulance in order to study his maps as he proceeded,
and reached Cemetery Hill just as Howard's and Doubleday's
men were hurrying back.
The streets of the town were filled with the broken commands
on which the fire of the enemy was still kept up. Every public
building was crowded with the wounded. Shot and shell ex-
ploded in dooryards, or plowed through the houses of the people,
or lodged in walls. A chaplain was killed on the steps of a church
as he was entering to minister to the dying. A young girl was
struck down by a bullet as she was baking bread in her father's
house. A shell cleared a supper table from which the family had
just arisen. A brigadier general sought safety in a woodpile, and
was not extricated for three days. The body of General Reynolds
lay stretched on the floor of a small stone house. Soldiers were
falling, the dusty streets were wet with blood, and hundreds of
prisoners were captured.
Hancock's swift eye had discovered the strategic value of
Cemetery Hill, and as the troops streamed out of the confusion
he rallied and posted them on conquering ground. The Eleventh
Corps was brought into line in the cemetery and on East Cem-
etery Hill. Wadsworth's division was sent to the right on Culp's
Hill. Doubleday's other divisions were given position on How-
ard's left southward through the cemetery. Batteries were
established on both sides of the Baltimore pike on the eminences,
and the enemy's advance was checked. At five-thirty o'clock
Slocum arrived, and after turning over the command to him
Hancock galloped back to find and report to Meade.
The Third and Twelfth Corps both came up on the Baltimore
pike, and Williams was sent with the First Division of the latter
across Rock Creek on the right of the First Corps. Sickles was
ii8 Soldiers True
placed on Doubleday's left, and Geary was ordered still farther
to the left. His Second Brigade (Cobham's) by Slocum's direc-
tion was temporarily posted in the rear of the pike in reserve,
and his First and Third Brigades prolonged Sickles's line.
Geary was thus brought to the slope of Little Round Top, and,-
at once perceiving its value, promptly occupied it with the Fifth
Ohio and One Hundred and Forty-seventh Pennsylvania Regi-
ments of his First Brigade, these being the first Union troops
posted on that important point.
The line thus established was the final position of the army in
the battle. It was nearly four miles in length and was in the
shape of a fish hook, the shank extending from the Round Tops
on the left to Cemetery Hill, where it curved eastw^ard to its
point on Gulp's Hill. After midnight ^leade arrived, and wath
his chief of artillery, General Hunt, carefully inspected the
position. Lee had established his line on Benner's Hill on his
left, through the town, and along Seminary Ridge to the
right, conforming it generally to that of Meade, with Ewell
on the left. Hill in the center with Pender's division in re-
serve, and Longstreet at the right, though the latter's command
was not yet present. His front when completed was six miles
in length.
The Union losses for the day had been eighty-nine hundred
and fifty-five men.
Late in the afternoon Lee and Longstreet met at the former's
headquarters. Their original plan of campaign contemplated, as
has been said, the risk only of defensive battles, and Longstreet
had no thought that his chief -would venture into offensive opera-
tions. His high military sagacity assured him that such a change
of plan would be hazardous, if not fatal. So, after carefully sur-
veying Meade's new position with his glass. General Longstreet
said :
"We could not call the enemy to position better suited to our
plans. All we have to do is to file around his left and secure
ground between him and his capital."
Soldiers True 119
Lee was unusually nervous and disturbed because of the
absence of his cavalry and the unknown numbers before him, but,
striking the air with his closed fist, he exclaimed :
"If he is there to-morrow I will attack him!"
Surprised and startled at this sudden change of plan, Long-
street answered :
"If he is there to-morrow it will be because he wants you to
attack. If that height has become the objective, why not take it
at once? We have forty thousand men, less the casualties of the
day ; he cannot have more than twenty thousand."*
This momentous decision of the Confederate commander ex-
actly reversed the conditions that existed at Fredericksburg and
lost for him the battle, the campaign, and his cause.
Just before night he directed Ewell to assault and hold Gulp's
Hill if he could do so without precipitating a general engage-
ment, but Ewell found the hill occupied and did not risk the
attempt. During the night both sides were busy correcting and
strengthening their positions and posting their artillery. Meade's
Fifth Corps arrived at five o'clock the next morning and was
placed in reserve near the Baltimore pike on the right, and Long-
street's two divisions under McLaws and Hood reached the field
about the same time, and his artillery shortly thereafter.
Meade wished to attack Ewell on his right on the morning of
the 2d with the three corps that he hoped to have there, but Sedg-
w ick was not and could not be there in time, and neither Slocum,
who commanded that part of the line, nor Warren, the chief
engineer, favored the movement. They wisely felt that Lee would
be compelled to take the initiative, and that we should wait. Lee
himself was uncertain and slow, and it was nearly noon before
he was ready. After visiting his left and reconnoitering his right
he determined on an attack in great force upon the latter end of
his line, and ordered Longstreet with his own two divisions and
G. T. Anderson's, of Hill's corps, to make it. Sickles, on the
Union left, was in their front. His position was in prolongation
*Froin Manassas to Appomattox, pp. 358, 359.
I20 Soldiers True
of Hancock's line toward Little Round Top, but noticing ascend-
ing ground in his front he had thrown his corps forward a full
half mile to the Emniittsburg pike in an angle the apex of which
was in a Peach Orchard.
As the Fifth Corps was approaching the left behind Sickles
Meade rode to that part of the line and was astonished to find
the Third Corps far away from the position he had assigned it.
Sickles explained that the rising ground he had taken was better,
but Meade, with his sagacity for topography, instantly replied
that he would find ascending ground clear out to the mountains,
and was about to order him back when Longstreet's advance
struck the line. Hood, probably the best division commander in
Lee's army, was on the right, McLaws was in the center at the
apex of Sickles's angle, opposite the Peach Orchard, and Ander-
son was on the left, in all twelve brigades, powerfully supported
by artillery. Birney's three brigades, under Ward, DeTrobriand,
and Graham, faced Hood on Sickles's left to the orchard and
pike, and Humphrey, with the brigades of Brewster, Burling, and
Carr, held the right line of the angle back to the line on Cemetery
Ridge, where connection should have been had with Hancock,
but where, in fact, a gap existed. Under a concentrated artillery
fire. Hood charged Birney's position with desperate energy, hop-
ing to turn the left of Meade's line, and the fighting over the
uneven, bowlder-strewn ground about the Devil's Den and out to
the orchard was furious. McLaws and Anderson pressed their
lines in and the area described by the two exposed sides of the
triangle became one of the most terrific battle grounds of the war.
The Third Corps was greatly outnumbered, but it withstood the
superior weight of the enemy with magnificent courage. Union
shells filled the air above their heads. The artillery and infantry
fire of the foe mowed down their ranks. Sharpshooters from tree
tops and from behind barricades of bowlders picked oiT their offi-
cers and men. Cross currents of lead poured upon them from
all sides. Regiments and brigades shifted position back and
forth to the most menaced parts of the field. Sickles was wounded
SoLuiEKS True 121
with the loss of a leg. The salient at the Peach Orchard was
broken.
Meade saw that Sickles's exposed and decimated front ninst
give way. And here the immense value of his interior lines was
manifested. The distance from his refused right to his left, be-
hind the battle front, was less than two miles, and this rendered
sudden concentration possible at any part of the field. With
consummate skill he threw help where it was needed. Like shut-
tles in the loom fresh troops were flashed through the web of
conflict. From the Second Corps, the Fifth, and the Twelfth,
Brigades were hurried into support. Cross, Kelly, Zook, Brooke,
Willard, and Hall, from the Second, Tilton, Sweitzer, Vincent,
McCandless, Burbank, and Day from the Fifth, and McDougal,
Lockwood, and Colsgrove from the Twelfth were all called on.
The regulars under Burbank and Day crossing the narrow Plum
valley took position on the east front of the Wheatfield and its
adjoining grove. Tilton and Sweitzer leaped to the support of
Ward and DeTrobriand near the Den, but were being forced
back v^hen Kelly, Zook, and Brooke pushed gallantly in and swept
Hood's brigades back from the Wheatfield- with frightful slaugh-
ter. Colonel Jefifords, of the Fourth Michigan, was killed by a
bayonet while holding his colors aloft. Crawford's brigades,
under McCandless, Fisher, and Vincent, deployed on Little Round
Top, and with Weed's help by herculean efforts halted the
enemy's flanking assault on that height, and charged him down
the hill with the bayonet to the bloody Wheatfield, where after a
hand-to-hand encounter he was driven into a woods beyond. For
this encounter Hazlett's Battery D, Fifth United States Artillery, /
was dragged to the summit by hand, and here Hazlett, StrongV^/d^ ^
Weed, and O'Rorke of the One Hundred and Fortieth New
York were killed, and Warren was wounded. Berdan's sharp-
shooters from this point located those of the enemy and shot them
like birds from the trees and rocks adjacent to the Den.
Hancock assumed command of the Third Corps and aided
Humphrey's exhausted division, which retired firing, back to the
122 Soldiers True
general line. j\Ieade was in person at the gap between the Second
and Third Corps. Not a soldier was there, and a brigade of the
enemy was advancing directly toward it. The reinforcements
ordered from the Sixth and Tw^elfth Corps had not arrived.
!\Ieade and his stafif drew their swords as if to defend the empty
line for a moment themselves, when the shout was raised, "Here
they come, General !" and not one moment too soon the advancing
men were quickly formed in line by Aleade himself. And now
Sickles's error was at last overcome by costly sacrifice. The
enemy held his angle, but the real front on the left was rectified
and held immovably. Longstreet's divisions were wrapped close
about it, and after sunset he ordered them to cease firing. ^lore
than one third of his force was destroyed. Plum Run ran red
with blood. Its gorge was strewn with victims. Dead men were
hanging in the trees to which they had strapped themselves while
firing. The bodies of some of them had fallen from these perches
to the groimd. Other bodies filled the crevasses between the great
bowlders at the Devil's Den, and w^ere buried there. The Peach
Orchard and the woods were littered with the dead and wounded.
The Wheatfield, trampled and blackened, was so covered with
bodies that it was said that a man might have walked across it on
them. Every rock in the loop and on Little Round Top had
claimed its sacrifice; almost every tree bore witness to the awful
struggle ; and to this hour the scarified faces of the upheaved
Ijowlders that mark those fastnesses bear silent testimony to the
leaden hail that deluged them that day.
But the work of the day was not yet done. Lee's contemplated
attack by Hill at the center had not been made, but his plans for
his left found attempted execution. It will be remembered that
Ewell held this end of the line, Rodes's division on his right
facing the cemetery from the northeast ; Early, in the center, con-
fronting it from the north and northwest, and Johnson enveloping
the foot of Culp's Hill on Rock Creek. The L'nion lines on this
hill had been almost abandoned by the call of the Twelfth Corps
to the left. Williams had gone at six-thirty o'clock, and a half
Soldiers True 123
hour later Geary was ordered to follow him, without, however,
being instructed as to his destination. Williams had reached
Little Round Top before Geary filed from his trenches on Gulp's
Hill, and the latter had no one to guide him. He had occupied
Little Round Top with two regiments the evening before, and,
being relieved there at five o'clock on the morning of the 2d by
the Third Corps, had posted his division and intrenched it on
Gulp's Hill, where he remained throughout the day, annoyed only
by an enfilading artillery fire from his left, which Knap's battery
finally silenced. He now, at seven o'clock, moved back a mile or
more from his works, with Gaudy's and Gobham's brigades,
crossed Rock Greek and reached the turnpike beyond it, where
he halted and reported his position to Slocum. His movement
carried him across the enemy's artillery fire, which resulted in a
few casualties. He formed line with his right on the pike and
his left on the creek, and awaited orders. Greene, with the Third
Brigade, was thus left on Gemetery Hill, the only remnant of the
corps. He was instructed to stretch his brigade to occupy as
much as possible of the line that Williams and Geary had vacated.
Wadsworth's division, and the Eleventh Gorps remained on his
left. At eight o'clock in the evening Johnson, with the brigades
of Jones, Nichols, Steuart, and Walker, crossed Rock Greek, and
advancing up the wooded hill attacked Greene's attenuated line.
The latter was reinforced promptly by three regiments from
Wadsworth and three others from Howard, and successfully re-
sisted Johnson's assaults, which were four times repeated. The
enemy remained on the slope of the hill in the darkness, near the
works, and Steuart 's brigade occupied without resistance the
trenches that Geary's First and Secotid Brigades had vacated, anrl
which Greene had not sui^cient troops to man.
Immediately after Johnson's movement against Greene had
ceased. Early, from Ewell's center, advanced against the north
front of Gemetery Hill. The brigades of Hays and Hoke (the
latter under Colonel Avery), with Gordon in reserve, made the
attack. Hays's command comprised four regiments knowm as the
124 Soldiers True
"Louisiana Tigers," all being from that State, and Hoke's was
from North Carolina. They marched to the foot of the hill by a
sunken and concealed road known as Long Lane, which was
sheltered by a grove of locust trees, and silently and in the dark-
ness formed line in its protection. The Hill was defended by
Von Gilsa's brigade of the Eleventh Corps in support of Ricketts's
and Wiedrick's batteries. It was also commanded by Stevens's
Fifth Maine Battery from a spur of Culp's Hill. With a yell the
line of Hays and Hoke emerged from the shadows, and rushed
the hillside on a run. In a few moments Von Gilsa's brigade was
overwhelmed. The guns of the batteries could not be sufficiently
depressed to meet the charge and it looked as if the position were
gone. But Stevens's battery from the right had a flanking range
and poured in double canister in an enfilading fire. It failed to
halt the advancing line, which reached the guns of Ricketts and
Wiedrich, which were defended with great bravery. One of
Ricketts's men, however, quailed and said, "Captain, I am awful
sick. May I go to the rear?" Ricketts leveled his revolver at
him and shouted, "You stand at your post, or I'll make you
sicker;" and the soldier came to his senses and did good work.
So hot was the defense of those guns that the enemy subsequently
dubl)ed them "Battery Hell." The Thirty-third Massachusetts
struck the left flank of the charging foe, and Hancock sent Car-
roll's brigade, of his Third Division, and one of the most stub-
born hand-to-hand encounters of the war took place around these
batteries. Bayonets, clubbed muskets, gun rammers, handspikes,
and stones were used in the mad riot of the struggle as the broken
lines wrestled in intermingled confusion. But the enemy was
overpowered. His expected supports failed to appear, and his
defeated fragments reeled down the hill and sought shelter in the
darkness. The Louisiana Tigers were practically annihilated.
They lost twelve hundred out of seventeen hundred men that
were brought into action. Colonel Avery, commanding the North
Carolina brigade, was mortally wounded.
The losses of the second day, according to Vanderslice, were
Soldiers True 125
for Aleado nine tliuusand and tliirl}-nine, and I'l^r Lee seven thou-
sand three hundred and thirty-seven.
Between nine and ten o'clock Geary was ordered back to his
trenches on Gulp's Hill. He took the road with the Second Bri-
gade (Gobhani's) leading, the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania in
front, and the One Hundred and Eleventh next. Filing from the
Baltimore pike into the woods at the base of the hill, the brigade
received a volley from behind a stone wall. It was supposed to
come from our own troops, but the command was turned to the
left and marched in rear of Greene's works, and formed line at
right angles to them facing east, where, partly protected by rough
ground, it halted at eleven o'clock. Colonel Cobham ordered
Lieutenant Colonel Walker to place the One Hundred and
Eleventh Regiment in its old trenches, and he was proceeding to
do so, without thought of an enemy, when the moving companies
received a volley at close range from the right rear. He formed
line facing the fire, and, sending out scouts to learri its cause,
positively ascertained that the ground close about on the right
was occupied by the enemy. He reported this fact to Colonel
Cobham, who ordered him again into the works, but Colonel
Walker protested that this would expose the battalion to an en-
filading fire, and was permitted to retain his position. The voices
of the enemy, and even his conversation, were at times plainly
audible, and we found that he expected hot work at daylight. All
night every man was alert, feeling that he was almost within
physical touch of his armed foe. During the night men from both
sides filled canteens at the same spring. At three o'clock, before
daybreak, it was proposed to move the line slightly to the rear in
order to take advantage of a deflection in Greene's trenches. This
was being done, stealthily and with one man at a time, when it
brought a fusilade from the watchful enemy. The fire was re-
turned, and the change in position completed.
During the latter part of the night Batteries F, Fourth United
States, K, Fifth United States, M, First New York, and Knap's
Pennsylvania battery were placed in position by Colonel Best,
126 Soldiers True
and the infantry line stood as follows : Geary, connecting on the
left with W^adsworth, and on the right with Williams, whose
front extended to a swale between Gulp's and Power's Hills, and
was broken to the right. Gandy's First Brigade was on Gobham's
right fronting the lane that led from the turnpike to the stone
wall, and in double column, and Gobham was between him and
Greene. Lockwood's brigade was in support of the batteries on
Power's Hill. Two regiments from Wadsworth, and Shaler's
and Neill's brigades of the Sixth Gorps were sent in support,
Xeill's troops being posted across Rock Greek, facing the left
flank of the enemy. Johnson had been reinforced by Daniel's
and O'Neal's brigades from Rodes, and Smith's brigade from
E^rly, and with seven brigades in all, was in position on the stony
and wooded slopes of Gulp's Hill.
The position of the Twelfth Gorps was vital to the army. Only
one hundred and fifty feet behind it was the Baltimore pike which,
in case of disaster, would have been the line of retreat, and but a
short distance beyond that was the reserv^e artillery. If Gulp's
Hill could have been captured the fish hook would have been
broken at the curve and the point driven into Meade's vitals at
the center. Its defense was all important to the army and the
battle.
At daybreak Best's massed batteries opened fire from Power's
Hill on the right, upon Johnson's line, and a few minutes later,
at three-thirty o'clock the infantry opened on the dimly visible
ranks of the enemy. In three lines he advanced rapidly up the
hill with defiant yells. He was met with cheers and a smothering
fire of bullets which tore his ranks and halted him. The sup-
ports hastened up, but failed to gain ground. Finding the front
too well defended, Johnson repeatedly tried to flank Williams
on the low ground at the swale, but the batteries and the galling
fire from the First Division rifle pits drove him back. At five
o'clock the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Pennsylvania
charged and held the stone wall, and thus strengthened Williams's
front. Forty-five minutes later the Sixty-sixth Ohio took per-
Soldiers True 127
pciulicular line outside Greene's trenches, which they held till
the hattle was ended, delivering a raking tire.
At eight o'clock the enemy again massed for a charge on
Geary's entire line, and every man sprang with renewed energy
to resist it. Shaler, Lockwood, and Wadsworth's detachment
were hrought up in close reserve, the latter in support of Cobham,
and again the enemy was checked. His lines sought the shelter
of trees and rocks, and the battle became a duel of sharpshooters.
The trained backwoods hunters in the ranks of the One Hundred
and Eleventli Pennsylvania got in their fine work, and picked off
their men with deadly precision. One of them. First Sergeant
Malin, of Company K, observed a barricade of rock in his front,
and a puff of smoke issuing from it. He carefully trained his
gun on the aperture from which the fire proceeded, but still the
smoke puff" reappeared. He shot again and again, wondering
why he did not reach his man. He had often killed deer at
double the distance. He put six shots at that spot before the
spit of the rifle in it ceased, and was annoyed that it had taken
so many to put one man out of the fight. When the battle was
over he walked out to the barricade, and was surprised to find
five dead men in it. As soon as one had fallen another had taken
his place, until the shelter would hold no more. The last man
had fallen forward dead upon his gun, his body closing the
aperture.
Colonel Cobham also tried his skill on a concealed sharpshooter
early in this engagement. He and Captain Alexander were con-
versing when a bullet went between tiicm. A second just missed
the colonel's head. He noticed that it came from an improvised
shelter of rocks some distance down the hill, and, l)orrowing a
musket from one of the men, waited opportunity and fired. After
the battle he walked to the spot and found the sharpshooter lying
dead, with a bullet through his brain.
The steady, rapid fire soon exhausted the ammunition and
fouled the guns, and at six o'clock, and again at nine, the One
Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania was relieved for a few
9
128 Soldiers True
minutes to wipe their guns and replenish their cartridge boxes.
At ten-twenty-five two brigades charged the hues for the third
time, directly in front of Cobham. They came on with the usual
yell in closed column in mass. Cobham's brigade reserved its fire
until the front line was within seventy paces, when it delivered
such a deadly volley in their faces that the entire column wavered
and broke to the rear. As it turned our men rushed over their
works and from behind the rough natural shelter under which
many of them had fought, and leaped upon the foe in fury.
Whole battalions of the enemy threw down their arms, and rais-
ing white handkerchiefs, pieces of paper, and even their hands,
asked to surrender. The commanding officer of a regiment waved
aloft his token of submission. Major B. W. Leigh, assistant ad-
jutant general of Johnson's division, with sword drawn, rode
forward to order it down, when he fell pierced by a dozen balls,
his body remaining in our possession. The dead of the First
Maryland Confederate Regiment were mingled with our own at
the trenches. Prisoners declared that Johnson had sworn to
break that line if it cost him his last man. But the line remained
unbroken, and at eleven o'clock the battle on Meade's right was
handsomely won. Geary's men had fought continuously for
nearly eight hours, without breakfast, and the One Hundred
and Eleventh Regiment had expended one hundred and sixty
rounds of ammunition per man.
The colors of the Stonewall Brigade and of two Virginia
regiments were captured. Five hundred prisoners were taken
from Johnson and five thousand stands of arms, and the enemy
acknowledged a loss of sixteen hundred and nine men killed and
wounded. Cobham's brigade numbered less than seven hundred
men, but nine hundred bodies were buried in its front, and its
own losses were but ninety-eight. The division lost five hundred
and forty. Lieutenant Colonel Walker in his official report de-
clares that half of his men, without shelter, contended against a
desperate enemy intrenched in the very rifle pits we had con-
structed for ourselves, and that he is proud to say that the rank
Soldiers True 131
aiul file fought feeling that they were Pennsylvanians in I'enn-
sylvania. He highly eoniniends for great bravery and coolness
Captains W'oeltge, llionias, and Warner, and says that the fol-
lowing named enlisted men deserve honorable mention: Sergeants
Henry Dieflfenbach, George Selkregg, Andrew W. Tracy, An-
drew J. Bemis, John L. Wells, and Mills S. Allison, and Privates
John Hughes and ( )rrin Sweet. The regiment lost one officer.
First Lieutenant William L. Patterson wounded, and five enlisted
men killed and sixteen wounded."'' (Jn the rolls Init thirteen of
the latter are reported by name.
Mr. Isaac R. Pennypacker, in his biography of (jeneral Meade,
accuratel}- and intelligently discusses the battle of Gettysburg,
and of the work of the Twelfth Corps he says : "There was no
nobler exhibition of valor upon the field, and probably the severest
fighting of the liattle took place during the struggle in the vicinity
of Gulp's Hill."t
Pennsylvania had eighty-six regiments and batteries present at
Gettysburg, and the State has erected to each of them, upon the
positions they occu[)ied, a monument attesting its service. On
Gulp's Hill, in the midst of a beautiful hardwood grove, and fac-
ing the field which its prowess helped to hold against great odds,
stands the lofty granite shaft, here showm. surmounted with a
bronze cannon ball and an eagle with wings extended, commem-
orating the work of the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment.
Decisively checked in his determined attempts to turn the
flanks of the Army of the Potomac, Lee resolved upon a final
and supreme eftbrt to crush its center. Meade anticipated this
movement, and said on the night of the 2d to Gibbon: "He has
made attacks on both flanks and failed, and if he concludes to try
* A' iV/^rf; Company B, Privates Charles Miller, John M. Richardson. Company D,
Private John Sheemer. Company 11, Private Theron P. Swap (died July 6, 1863).
Company K, Private Orlando S. Campbell. Wounded: Company 15, Privates Gilbert
S. Connor, Xorman Calhoun. Company C, Corporal William H. Joslin, Privates Wil-
liam Hopkins (lost lesr), Vincenz Millick. Company D, Sergeant Christopher G. Her-
rick. Privates Orrin V. Strickland, Peter N'. Stanford. Company E, Sergeant Albert
E. Harper, Private Hiram J. Fox. Company I, Privates Anthony Lehr, Peter Nuss,
Company K, Private Samuel T. Bell.
tP. 186.
132 Soldiers True
it again it will be on your front."' In this opinion the Union
general was doubtless confirmed by the result on his right on the
morning of the 3d. Longstreet, solemnized by his own terrific
battle against Meade's left, and by Ewell's unsuccessful attack-
on the right, was opposed to a third direct assault. He adhered
to his plan of flanking Meade out of his position by his left,
and frankly and forcibly argued with Lee against his pro-
posed attack on the Union center,* but Lee was not to be moved
from his purpose. He ordered that Pickett's three fresh brigades
of \'irginia troops which had arrived on the field late on the pre-
vious day, and Heth's division now under Pettigrew, and W'il-
cox's brigade of Hill's corps, in all twelve brigades, or forty-six
regiments, heavily supported by artillery, should do the work.
Alexander. Longstreet's chief of artillery, massed seventy-five
guns on Seminary Ridge to command the ground over which the
charge was to be made with converging fire, and as many more
were available from the general line. Longstreet carefully
showed his infantry what they were to do. and pointed out to
them the ground they were to cover. Pickett addressed his
division and exhorted them to honor \'irginia that day. The
march was to be directed across the plain toward a small copse of
trees near the L'nion center. Pickett on the right, Kemper's and
Garnett's brigades in front, supported by Armistead, Wilcox en
echelon, guarding his right flank, with Pettigrew's division of
four brigades on the left, supported by Scales's and Lane's
brigades under Trimble. Two signal guns from Alexander were
to begin the artillery duel that was expected to open the way for
the grand infantry charge over more than one thousand yards of
separating ground.
Aleade's center, which was to receive the impact, occupied the
lowest point on his line, some hundreds of yards west of the
Emmittsburg pike, and diagonally to it. In fact, its approach
from tlie base of Seminary Ridge was almost level. He had.
through Hunt, his chief of artiller}-, posted seventy-seven guns
*From Manassas to Appomattox, p. 386.
Soldiers True 133
;
for its defense, and had deployed a cavalry regiment in its rear
to prevent straggling, lie had also arranged, as he had done
on the previous day on the left, for the rapid concentration of
infantry supports. Hancock's corps stood at the point of impact,
with Hays on the right, connecting with Robinson, of the First
Corps, Gibbon in the center, and Caldwell on the left. Doubleday
was between Gibbon and Hays. Meade's headquarters were just
behind the line in a small one-and-a-half-story frame house, and
he spent the morning in carefully inspecting his position and
watching the enemy. His manner was described by an eye-
witness as being "calm and serious, but earnest." He had no
fear for the right when Johnson's battle was in progress, nor for
the troops who were so soon to feel the weight of the new as-
sault. Meade had Lee at last where he wanted him, and was
ready.
Longstreet, who was in command of the crucial movement, had
not heard of Johnson's defeat on his left, and rightly looked for
aid when it should be needed from that source. He was pro-
foundly impressed that the task imposed upon him was too great,
but he performed it with courage if not with hope. At one o'clock
he ordered Alexander to open fire, and for two hours the most
tremendous artillery battle of history detonated along those lines.
For two miles on Seminary Ridge the batteries of the enemy
were ablaze, and from first to last not less than one hundred and
fifty Union guns answered those of the foe. The earth was
furrowed with the track of shells. They crossed and sometimes
met with terrific smash in mid-air. and showered their deadly
spray in a storm of iron upon the ground where the waiting
troops lay. Nature seemed a magazine of eruptive, exploding
energy. Shell after shell struck Meade's headquarters, one pass-
ing within a few inches of his person, nearly a score of horses,
tied in the dooryard, were killed, and it became impossible to give
orders or receive reports there because of the roar and desolation.
Fifteen caissons were exploded. Plunging horses, covered with
blood, and the groans of wounded men added horror to the scene.
134 Soldiers True
And yet the etit'ects of that appahing cannonade were compara-
tively sHght. The fire was as a rule too high, and after an hour
and a half Hunt ordered the Union guns to slacken fire, that they
might cool and be ready for the charge that all knew was sure
to come. Alexander grew impatient, and fearful that his ammu-
nition would fail, sent word to Pickett that he must come at once
if he were coming at all. Longstreet and he were together at
the moment, and Pickett asked, "General, shall I advance?"
His commander, too overcome to speak the order, silently
nodded an afBrmative, and the great charge moved out, eighteen
thousand strong, with a front of six brigades, Pickett on the
right and Pettigrew on the left. They emerged in fine line from
the woods at the foot of Seminary Hill, wdth arms at a right
shoulder shift, into the open plain of one thousand yards, across
which they were to march under deadly fire. To cover their ad-
vance the enemy's batteries again opened, and were replied to by
Hunt's artillery line and McGilvery's and Rittenhouse's massed
guns on Hancock's left. "Here they come!" w-as the word that
passed along the rifle pits, and the stone wall at the bloody angle
near the copse of trees. And on they came across the fields, to
the Codori house, where Pickett personally halted, and past the
Rodgers farmhouse on the Emmittsburg pike, wdiere young Jose-
phine Rodgers had baked bread for the soldiers while Sickles's
battle was raging the afternoon before. Its fences halted them a
moment, and in that moment the pike was strewn with dead and
wounded. "Faster, men !" shouted Trimble again and again,
"but don't double-quick !" and steps were lengthened.
On they came, hurrying and obliquing somewhat from the
flanking artillery fire on their right and separating too much
from their supports, but still on, as brave, strong men can go to
death. At the time they reached the pike their line was true, but
Brockenborough's brigade on Pettigrew's left was there broken
up by the fire of Hays's division and Woodrufif's battery, and
fell back, lay down, or surrendered. Pickett's right was also
crumbling under Dotibleday's fierce fire, and that of Stannard'§
Soldi i£KS True 135
Vermont brigade, which Hancock had caused to change front to
the right to enfdade it. Between flaming Hanks and toward a
wall of fire, into a very whirlpool of death the remnant of the
assaulting column struggled on, Armistead now in front and near
the bloody angle, and Pettigrew and Trimble on his left. Garnett
was killed, Trimble and Kemper were severely wounded. Col-
onel Whittle, of Armistead's brigade, who had been shot through
the right leg at Williamsburg and had lost his left arm at Malvern
Hill, was struck by a shot through his right arm and another in
his left leg. Longstrect sent members of his stafif forward with
orders, and they returned carrying their saddles and bridles in
their arms. Pettigrew was wounded, but kept the field.* On
the Union side Hancock, Gibbon, and W^ebb w-ere seriously
wounded. Hancock was carried to the Twelfth Corps hospital,
where he dictated a dispatch to Meade, saying that he believed
the enemy's ammunition was failing, for he had been shot by a
tenpenny nail. He had really been desperately wounded in the
thigh by a bullet that had shattered his saddletree and forced one
of its nails into his flesh.
Armistead reached the line at the copse of trees. His color
bearers were killed, but with his hat on the point of his sword
he led his men into the heart of Gibbon's line. Eight companies
of one regiment had been w'ithdrawn to uncover Cushing's battery,
and through this gap Armistead leaped to fall mortally wounded
beside our battery wheels. An officer from a Virginia regiment
and a Tennessean sprang uiwn the low wall together. Clasping
hands, one of them shouted, "Virginia and Tennessee stand side
by side in these works to-day!" But the Sixty-ninth Pennsyl-
vania, of A\'ebb's brigade, stood fast at the wall, although both its
flanks were passed by the enemy. Other commands changed
front, right and left. Others were hastened up in support.
Cowan's New York battery swamg into line with double canister
shots. Gushing fell beside Armistead. Bayonets, musket butts,
swords, and revolvers were brought into play, and after a moment
*Frcm Manassas to At'poniattox, p. 394.
136 Soldiers True
of supreme struggle the enemy was hurled hack with frightful
loss. At the same time Hays was beating back Pettigrew and
Trimble on the right, and the day was won. Five thousand one
hundred and eighty-seven Confederates had gone down in that
heroic but fatal charge, and twenty-three hundred and thirty-two
men were lost in successfully resisting it. Pickett's disorganized
fragments staggered back to their lines under a fire that cut ofif
many of them, and were rallied behind the troops left on Seminary
Ridge, where Lee rode down among them greatly moved, and
saying, "It is all my fault !"
Meade's center was not seriously damaged. Supports by tlie
thousand were ready for use had they been needed, and, as Long-
street told Lee before the charge, thirty thousand men could not
have broken that line. As the general sat on his W'Ounded horse
and saw the enemy retiring and a great column of prisoners going
to his rear he uttered the reverent and impressive words, "Thank
God!" He had said that if Lee attacked his center he would
throw the Fifth and Sixth Corps on his right flank; but he was
satisfied with his great victory. Farnsworth's brigade of Kil-
patrick's cavalry division was sent against Longstreet's right
divisions and held them off during the charge. The latter says
that had this advance been supported by infantry it could have
reached Lee's line of retreat. Gregg and Stuart had a sharp en-
gagement the same afternoon three miles east of Gettysburg,
where Stuart was defeated in his attempt to ride around Meade's
right and Wade Hampton was wounded. The contest was im-
petuous and furious, and in it horses were said to have been
"turned end over end." In its results it was one of the most
important cavalry engagements of the war.
The greatest battle of modern times, however, had been fought
and decisively won. It was in reality a series of five pitched in-
fantry battles and two cavalry encounters. It was fought out
under a scorching sun, through three oppressive summer days by
an army that was greatly fatigued by rapid and forced marching.
The enormous losses it entailed are frightful to contemplate, and
S(M,I)Ii:ks Tia'K 137
the endurance and valor exhibited by the troops were well-nigh
incredible. Lee's most daring" generalship was displayed through-
out the struggle, and his officers and men responded nobly to his
severe demands. lUit he had met a new field marshal, who by
sleepless vigilance, inerrant foresight, and superior skill over-
whelmed him. General Meade, within a single week, had proved
himself a great soldier. He had saved the nation ; and as the
news of his brilliant victory was flashed over the wires, and the
story of Grant's great triumph at Mcksburg. achieved on the
same day, appeared beside it. the cup of the public joy overflowed,
and on the eighty-seventh anniversary of tlie national independ-
ence the glad toast on every tongue was, "Gettysburg! \'icks-
burg! To whom shall we Grant the Meade of praise?"
The Union losses in the battle were officially reported to be
twenty-three thousand and forty-nine, including four general offi-
cers killed and thirteen wounded. According to Livermore, those
of the enemy were twenty-eight thousand and sixty-three, in-
cluding five general officers killed and nine wounded. The
appalling aggregate I)eing fifty-one thousand one hundred and
twelve men ! Three thousand one hundred and fifty-nine were
killed of the Army of the Potomac, and twenty-nine hundred and
fifty-four Confederates were buried by our troops. Lee left
sixtv-eight hundred and two of his wounded in our hands, and
in all fourteen thousand four hundred and twenty-nine wounded
men were treated on the field. Six hundred and fifty surgeons
were engaged day and night in this work from July i until the
6th, and some of them fainted from exhaustion at their posts, and
others fell ill from the strain. Thirteen surgeons were wounded
in the battle, one mortally. Twenty-two members of the ambu-
lance corps were killed or woiuided. One regiment on the Union
side, the First Minnesota, lost eighty-two per cent of its men.
One on the Confederate side, the Twenty-sixth North Carolina,
lost more than eighty-four per cent. A private of the Fifth Maine
Battery, John F. Chase, received forty-eight wounds from an
exploded shell, and survived with the loss of an arm. Five hun-
138 Soldiers True
dred and sixty-nine tons of ammunition were expended by the
Army of the Potomac, which included every form of miHtary
missile then known in this country and Europe. The Union bat-
teries lost seven hundred and thirty-seven men and eight hundred
and eighty-one horses, and it is said that more than four thousand
animals were killed or wounded during the progress of the battle.
Congress passed a vote of thanks to the army for its victory,
and Meade was commissioned brigadier general in the regular
army in recognition of his work during these three days.
On that memorable Friday night, July 3, 1863, the hero of that
hard-fought and well-won field, with a single aide, sought, under
the open sky, the first rest he had allowed himself since he took
command of the army six days before. But, as so often happens
after a great battle, a torrential rainstorm suddenly burst over
the field, and Meade, aroused from the first hour of his sleep,
sat the night out, exposed to the pitiless deluge. It was seventy
hours later before he really secured a night's sleep. The next
day he issued the following order to his army :
Headquarters Army of the Potomac,
General Orders July 4, 1863.
No. 68.
The Commanding General, in behalf of the country, thanks the Army
of the Potomac for the glorious result of the recent operations.
An enemy, superior in numbers and flushed with the pride of a suc-
cessful invasion, attempted to overcome and destroy this Army. Utterly
baffled and defeated, he has now withdrawn from the contest. The priva-
tions and fatigue the Army has endured, and the heroic courage and gal-
lantry it has displayed, will be matters of history ever to be remembered.
Our task is not yet accomplished, and the Commanding General looks
to the Army for greater efiforts to drive from our soil every vestige of
the presence of the invader.
It is right and proper that we should, on all suitable occasions, return
our grateful thanks to the Almighty Disposer of events that in the good-
ness of his Providence he has thought fit to give victory to the cause of
the just.
By command of
S. Williams, Maj. Gen. Meade.
Asst. Adjt, General.
Soldiers True 139
CHAPTER VIII
From the Potomac to the Tennessee
HFTER the battle came flood and threatened pestilence.
Rain fell as though it would never cease, creeks and
rivers overflowed their banks, roads became mortar beds,
fields were bogs, fences were prostrated, and trees dripped pools.
The heavy air reeked with the effluvium of dead bodies, and it
became a question whether its noxious poison would not induce
widespread disease. The Fourth of July was spent in burying
the slain and gathering up the arms and other debris that strewed
the field. Citizens were impressed to aid in this work, and graves
and trenches were speedily filled with the victims of the cruel fray.
On the afternoon of that day Lee started his train of wounded
men for Williamsport under guard of Imboden's cavalry. It
was seventeen miles in length. Most of the sufferers were in
army wagons, without springs, and as they hurried over the rough
and miry roads the agony of the miserable men who filled them
was horrible. Their undressed wounds, about which the blood
had matted the clothing, were torn open by the jolting vehicles,
and, maddened by pain, the tortured men begged for death. Im-
boden declared that he never realized the horrors of war as he did
upon that night ride, with the groans and shrieks of his com-
rades piercing the air along the whole length of the train. As
soon as it was dark Lee withdrew his troops cautiously from
Meade's front. Hill's corps moved in advance, through the Cum-
berland valley to Hagerstown and Williamsport, Longstreet fol-
lowing, and Ewell bringing up the rear. Stuart's cavalry covered
the flank. At the former place Stuart was attacked by the Union
cavalrv and was compelled to call for infantry assistance, but
Lee safelv reached the river on the 7th and placed his army in
a position of great strength from Falling Waters to Williamsport.
140 Soldiers True
His front was nearly ten miles in length, and was more strongly
posted than was either army at Gettysburg. Here he at once
received supplies of ammunition. His pontoons at this place had
been destroyed by French, and the river was much too high to
ford, but he employed boats to ferry his supplies across. Feeling
secure in his strong defenses he calmly waited for Meade while
the water in the Potomac was receding.
A great and very natural disappointment was felt at Washing-
ton and throughout the North that Aleade did not prevent Lee's
escape into A'irginia, but it is apparent at this time that such an
expectation was scarcely warranted by the facts. As soon as it
was discovered that Lee had abandoned his lines at Gettysburg
]\Ieade sent Sedgwick, whom he had placed in command of three
corps, to follow him on the Fairfield road, and held the remainder
of his army in hand, hoping that this pursuit w'ould halt the en-
emy's retreat and bring on another general engagement. On the
6th Sedgwick reported that it would be useless to expect this, and
Meade at once put his army in motion to flank Lee by the left,
marching to Middletown and across the South Mountain range
for the Potomac. The roads were almost impassable because of
the heavv rain. Lee had found the hard and shorter mountain
highways ankle deep with mud, and the lower and softer roads
that ]<kleade was compelled to take in order to keep Washington
covered were quagmires, through which his men waded and in
which his artillery was stalled. His troops w-ere also in great
need of clothing. Thousands of them were nearly, and many
were actually, barefooted, but they were urged forward with per-
sistent energy. The march of the Twelfth Corps will illustrate
the vigor of the pursuit. That corps left Gettysburg at one
o'clock on the afternoon of Sunday, July 5, and covered ten miles
in four and one half hours, bivouacking at Littlestown. At four-
thirty the next morning it was on the road, and, passing through
Taneytown, Middletown, and Woodsboro, reached Walkersville
about six o'clock, a march of twenty-nine miles. At five o'clock
on the following morning it pressed on through Frederick and
Soldiers True 141
over the Catoctin hills to within one and one half miles of Jeffer-
son, a tlistance of eighteen miles. Before eleven o'cloek on the
sncceeding morning" it had crossed the South ^Mountain at Cramp-
ton's Pass and was at Rohrersville, nine miles, and the next morn-
ing at five o'clock it w^as cii route through Keedysville, where the
September before it came on the held of Antietam, to Bakers-
ville, nine miles, which j)lace it reached an hour before noon.
Between Sunday and Friday it had advanced seventy-five miles.
At Bakersville the enemy's cavalry was met. From that point it
proceeded to Fair Play, where the corps came into line of battle,
threw out a heavy detail of pickets, and lightly intrenched on the
right of the Second Corps. These two corps under Slocum held
the left of Meade's line, the Fifth and Third were in the center,
the First and Sixth were on the right, and the Eleventh was in
reserve at Boonesboro. The front extended from Fair Play on
the south, which was a few miles north of the Antietam battlefield,
to Funkstown on the north, a short distance south of Hagerstown,
Here the whole line was heavily intrenched. Lee faced it from
the formidable plateau that runs west and south of Hagerstown,
with Williamsport and Falling Waters on the Potomac behind
him.
The position at Gettysburg was exactly reversed. Lee had
the defensive, inner line, and Meade the outer one. The latter's
alternative was to flank if he could not assault. Halleck's dis-
patches were urgent for an attack by the whole army, and this
was Meade's own preference. On the nth he vigorously recon-
noitered Lee's left, with the purpose of hurling his forces upon
such points of the line, on the following day, as might appear vul-
nerable ; but all his corps commanders except two advised against
an assault. He so far deferred to their judgment as to postpone
the movement until he could personally inspect the enemy's posi-
tion. This he endeavored to do on the 13th, but the day was
wet and foggy, and his observations were unsatisfactory ; never-
theless that night he ordered an attack by the entire army at day-
break on the next moninsr. The reconnoissance of the nth had
142 Soldiers True
apprised Lee that danger was at hand, and a cavah-y force under
Gregg that Meade had sent across the river at Harper's Ferry
to strike the enemy's communications, and infantry detachments
which he was concentrating at that place, emphasized the fact;
and on the morning of the 13th the Confederate general had de-
cided to give way. The river was now fordable, and as soon as
it was dark his army was moved across^ two corps by the bridge
and one by the ford, in a drenching rain.
This escape of the enemy, which is now conceded to have been
unavoidable, sadly disappointed Meade and his army, and brought
upon him such criticism that he asked to be relieved from com-
mand. A few days later Lee made a similar request for himself
of the Richmond authorities. The government refused to release
the victor of Gettysburg from duty, and explained its dispatches
to his acceptance if not to hissatisfaction, and he at once resumed
his pursuit of the foe. Major Boyle personally inspected a great
part of the enemy's position, and in a personal letter to his family
expressed the opinion that it would have cost Meade one third
of his army to have attacked Lee's front. Lee marched his army
on the 15th into the Shenandoah valley as far as Bunker Hill,
where he was north of the Shenandoah River, which was too high
for him to cross. Here he hoped to rest his men. But on the
same day Meade was in motion for the strategic points of the
Blue Ridge. The Twelfth Corps marched that day from its battle
line near Fair Play through Sharpsburg and past the Antietam
Iron Works, seventeen miles, and arrived near Harper's Ferry at
four o'clock, encamping the next day nine miles farther on in
Pleasant Valley. At five o'clock on the morning of the 19th it
passed through Harper's Ferry, crossed the Potomac and Shenan-
doah Rivers on pontoons, and arrived in the evening at Piney Run.
near Hillsboro. a distance of fifteen miles. At six o'clock the
ensuing morning it advanced through Woodgrove to Snicker's
Gap, ten miles. On the 23d it went to Paris, Cobham's brigade
being temporarily detached to guard Ashby's Gap, in relief of
a brigade of the Second Corps. At four o'clock the same day it
Soldiers True
M3
resumed its march, and moved Lliruugh Scuffletown to Markham
Station, twenty-three miles. At three o'clock the next morning
it proceeded to Linden, arriving at eight, and remained under
arms until noon, when it repassed Markham Station and halted
in the evening at Piedmont, twenty-two miles. On the 25th at
four o'clock it was cii route through Rectortown and White Plains
to Manassas Gap, a distance of sixteen miles, and the next morn-
ing at daylight it moved on, z'ia Greenwich and Catlctt's Station,
Adjutant John Richards Boyle
to Warrenton Junction, twenty-two miles. The weather had been
oppressively hot, and the roads bad, but the command had covered
two hundred and four miles in fifteen days of actual marching. It
remained at Warrenton Junction from the 26th until the 31st of
July resting and receiving supplies of clothing.
The entire army had participated in this rapid advance through
the Loudoun valley. Three of the four principal passes in the
Blue Ridge — Snicker's, Ashby's, and IManassas Gaps — had been
seized, and Lee was forced to make a movement toward the
south. On the 19th Longstreet was ordered up the Shenandoah
10
144 Soldiers True
valley to Mulwcxxi to discover, if possible, an outlet through
Ashby's Gap; but finding the river too high to ford, and our
cavalry on its opposite bank, he went on toward Alanassas Gap,
and finally as far as Front Royal, near Chester Gap. Here he
succeeded in crossing — some of his men, with their arms in boats,
swimming the stream — and occupied the last-named pass. Meade,
on the eastern side of the mountain, was somewhat in advance of
Lee, and was obliged to be watchful against a movement upon his
rear, but was hoping to strike his adversary while he was
stretched out between Winchester and Front Royal. He accord-
ingly placed his army near ]\Ianassas Gap, and on the morning
of the 23d ordered French, who was now in command of the
Third Corps, and had with him a fresh division under Gordon,
to move through the gap at four o'clock in the morning and at-
tack Lee's marching columns. The Fifth, Second, and Sixth
Corps were in close support, and a brilliant and successful opera-
tion seemed imminent. But French lost the entire day in com-
parative inaction, engaging but one of his brigades, and at night
the enemy escaped. He passed through Chester and Thornton
Gaps, and reached Culpeper and IMadison Court Houses between
the 24th and 29th, whence, on August 3, he withdrew to the south
side of the Rapidan River, leaving his cavalr}^ at Culpeper. Meade
promptly advanced to the Rappahannock, and a few days later
crossed over, and, proceeding through Culpeper Court House,
occupied the north bank of the Rapidan.
Geary's division was posted at Raccoon Ford, on picket duty,
not far from the battlefield of Cedar Mountain. The stream was
narrow enough for the men on each side to see and converse with
one another. The exposure of even their heads was dangerous,
for the soldiers of both armies were, for the most part, expert
shots by this time, and sharpshooting on the picket lines had be-
come a science. Nevertheless these man-hunters did not cherish
any deep personal hatred for each other. At times they became
quite friendly and interchanged badinage, and even civilities, in-
stead of bullets. When the officers of the guards were at a safe
Soldiers True 145
distance subdued eunversatiuiis like the fullovving could soiiie-
tiiiies be heard :
"Hello, Yank! Are you all over there?"
"You bet we're here, Johnnie. Do you want to surrender and
come back into the Union?"
"I'll surrender you if I get hold of you," would be drawled
back. "But, say, Yank, have you 'uns got any coffee?"
"Dead loads of it, Johnnie Reb. We make it in French pots,
and serve it with sugar and cream."
"Will ye trade some of it for tobacco?"
"Well, I don't care. But if you try to play Indian on me I'll
put you where we put the rest of you at Gettysburg."
And then these veteran enemies would steal out of their rifle
pits and quietly wade into midstream and complete their deal
like two schoolboys. /\nd not a shot would be heard until they
were safely back again.
Another military execution was ordered while the command
was at this place. Three men belonging to the division, who were
members of certain New York regiments, were convicted of de-
sertion and sentenced to death. Captain W. J. Alexander, of
Company D, was in command of the Provost Guard at division
headquarters, which had them in custody, and he became con-
vinced that one of the prisoners was insane. He applied for a
medical inquiry into the case, and the report of the Board sus-
tained his opinion. It was received only a few hours before the
execution was to take place, and the man's life was spared. These
men had been in confinement for some time, and the officers and
men of the Provost Guard felt an unusual sympathy for them.
Captain Alexander, with characteristic consideration, requested
that a detail from the division be made to carry out the sentence
of the court-martial, but General Geary refused, and the pris-
oners were shot in the presence of the troops by a platoon of the
guard.
While the regiment was stretched out on the Rapidan at this
time three hundred substitutes were assigned to it and appor-
146 Soldiers True
tioned among' the various companies. The bulk of them were
fairly good men. Some of them became excellent soldiers and
did faithful service, but many of them were mere bounty jumpers
and toughs, gathered from the slums of the cities, who made a
business of enlisting and deserting for the sake of cash bounties.
Among the latter were a number of experienced gamblers.
Nearly all of these substitutes had considerable money in their
possession, and they had not been in camp long before it was dis-
covered that wholesale gambling was going on. Concealed in the
underbrush knots of men played draw poker for high stakes, and
before the officers could break up the practice and punish the
guilty parties hundreds and even thousands of dollars had
changed hands, and the ringleaders had deserted with their ill-
gotten gains.
During this time Major Boyle was placed in temporary com-
mand of the One Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment.
This command had lost its colonel at Chancellorsville, and since
that time had been without a field officer. It was depleted in
numbers, but Major Boyle, who was well known to its officers
and men, at once commanded their confidence and greatly en-
couraged the battalion. He was invited and urged to become its
colonel, and for some days held the question under serious advise-
ment, but his love for his own regiment prevailed, and he courte-
ously declined the promotion.
Early in September Longstreet was ordered, with McLaws's
and Hood's divisions and Alexander's artillery, to Georgia. Rose-
crans had maneuvered Bragg south of the Tennessee River at
Chattanooga and into northern Georgia, a few miles below that
city, and the Confederate authorities, urged by Longstreet, were
endeavoring to halt his progress. The latter officer had strongly
represented to the Richmond war office that the loss of Vicksburg
and the consecjuent opening of the ]\Tississippi River had lost
to the Southern cause its lungs, and that unless Rosecrans could
be stopped he would cut out its heart also. Thereupon he was
directed to take his corps to Bragg's relief, with the understand-
Soldi i£KS True 147
ing that he would succeed that general in command. He left Lee's
lines on September y, and with the bulk of his command reached
Chickamauga on the evening of the 19th, at the close of the first
day of tliat battle. The next day he rendered such important as-
sistance on the field that Rosecrans was overwhelmed and driven
back into Chattanooga, where he was promptly invested from the
river above to the river below, and his communications were so
interrupted that his army was placed in serious peril.
It became necessary to meet this new emergency by promptly
reinforcing Rosecrans's Army of the Cumberland, and on Sep-
tember 24 the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were detached from
the Army of the Potomac and ordered west. General Hooker
was placed in command of them, with instructions to assume
military possession of the railroads over which the troops were to
be transported. It was a formidable oj^eration. Twenty thou-
sand men, with the baggage, ammunition, artillery, and animals
of two army corps, were to be moved with the utmost speed more
than twelve hundred miles. The men were to be transported in
freight cars — each car carrying from thirty-four to thirty-eight
soldiers — and more than six hundred of these were required.
They were fitted with plain board seats. The available railroads
were not all of uniform track gauge, and those which were had
to be selected. The Secretary of War called to his assistance
Colonel Thomas A. Scott, of the Pennsylvania Railroad, whose
great ability was never more brilliantly exhibited than in his
supervision of this movement. John W. Garrett, of the Balti-
more and Ohio Railroad, and the officials of all the connecting
lines, cooperated with ready and cheerful patriotism. The route
chosen was by the Baltimore and Ohio to Wheeling, thence across
the Ohio River to Bellaire, and via Columbus, Xenia, Dayton,
Indianapolis, and Louisville to Nashville, with a change of cars
only at Indianapolis. All the traflfic along the whole line was to
give way for the troop trains, and so perfect were the arrange-
ments that the journey was made without serious accident or
detention within one week. The artillery followed the men, and
148 Soldiers True
the baggage, wagons, and animals came last, and were somewhat
longer on the way. The order detaching the two corps required
five days' cooked rations, without sugar or cofifee, to be carried
on the persons of the men, and two hundred rounds of ammuni-
tion per man to be provided. The Twelfth Corps was embarked
at Bealeton Station on the night of September 27 and the morn-
ing of the 28th. Slocum's relations with Hooker were such that
he offered his resignation when he was assigned to duty under
him, but it was not accepted.
Guards, of course, were placed over each car, and the most
stringent orders were issued against leaving the train, but the
bounty jumpers managed to drop off in large numbers, and when
the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment arrived at Louisville
one hundred of its substitute recruits were missing. They had
deserted at night as the trains went over the mountains in
West Virginia. A few accidents also were reported to some
who rode on the tops of the cars, but none of them were of the
regiment.
This long journey in box cars would have been regarded as a
hardship to men in civil life, but to these hardy soldiers of the
Union it was a holiday. For the first time in sixteen months they
were absent from the front, and relieved from the march, picket
post, and firing line. They were off for a long railroad ride,
through a section of country they had never seen, and no summer
tourists ever set out with lighter hearts. They felt themselves
to be the guests of the nation, and their hard and cheerless box
cars were like the newly invented Pullmans in their eyes. They
gave themselves over to the luxury of a sudden and glorious
vacation.
"This flank movement suits me," said one man, as he ate his
way through a huge pie ; "livin' on the top shelf like a nabob, and
divil a step to walk. Why didn't ould Joe think of it before ?"
"From this day forrard," chuckled another, as he lighted his
pipe, "I do my marchin' on wheels and my fightin' by proxy."
"Good-bye to yez, Misther Lee," shouted another, as the train
Soldiers True 149
pulled out and he waved his hand in the supposed direction of
General Lee's headquarters. "Tell Misthcr Ewell to mind Gulp's
Hill, and kape away from Pennsylvany. The gran' campaign is
movin' South."
"It's a dream," nun-mured Lieutenant Pcttit, as the train
took the bridge and entered the shadows of the hills at the
Relay House, "and I don't want anyone to speak to me,
for fear I will wake up and hear death whistling for me with
musket balls."
Poor fellow I Death found him just one month later.
When the State of Ohio was reached, and its beautiful
hills and lovely suburban homes were seen, the boys realized
that they were in the dear, loyal North, and were filled with
enthusiasm.
"This is the Lord's land !" exclaimed an officer with trembling
voice.
"Hurrah, for God's country !" was the response, not irrever-
ently uttered, and a cheer saluted the patriotic soil.
The flag was everywhere ! It was the high tide of the Brough-
Vallandigham gubernatorial campaign. The former was the loyal
candidate. The latter was a notorious disunionist, and repre-
sented the disaflfected and treasonable element of the North. He
was soon to be sent South, beyond the army front, and was to
pass in political disgrace into the Confederacy through the lines
held by these very troops. Political posters flamed at every sta-
tion, and political meetings were assembling or in session as
the trains sped by. Men were marching and bands were playing.
The air was electric with excitement. The troop trains were
saluted and cheered throughout the State. Momentary halts
always collected crowds, and Brough's name was cheered to the
echo by the soldiers.
"Who is this Villain-rf? o--ham ?" shouted one of the men to a
group near a village station.
"He is the copperhead candidate for governor of Ohio," was
the response.
150 Soldiers True
"Well, dig the villain's grave for him on Election Day!" cried
the soldier.
"That's what we are here for!" yelled back the crowd. And a
few days later the loyal citizens of Ohio did dig it, and covered
it with one hundred thousand majority for Brough.
But the flag was flying for others besides the Republican candi-
date. Patriotic Ohio had heard that these boys in blue from the
Army of the Potomac were to pass over her territory to new
duties in the Southwest. Among them were eleven of her own
regiments and at least one of her batteries. And from the time
the soldiers' trains touched her soil until they left it Ohio made
those troops her guests. The men were entirely unprepared for
the unexpected and generous reception with which she greeted
them. They were bronzed by exposure and stained by travel.
They had been in an enemy's country and were unused to social
recognition. But they were met at every station and along the
country roads by cheers and salutations. At the farmhouses the
people waved welcomes to them and from school yards the voices
of children were raised in greeting. Telegrams met the trains
advising commanding officers that refreshments would be served
to all at the principal towns. Railroad stations in these centers
were transformed into lunch rooms. Steaming caldrons of coffee
were ready, and sandwiches, roast beef, poultry, biscuit, cakes,
and pies were distributed with the grateful beverage, until the
eager men could eat no more. Great crowds were present in
these stations, but the young women, charmingly gowned and
radiant with youth and beauty, personally waited on the soldiers.
At Columbus the Governor's daughter was one of these, and
there, as at Xenia and Dayton, it seemed to the amazed troops
that all the loveliness of the North had assembled to do them
honor. These young ladies came with hands filled with litera-
ture as well as with food, and books and magazines were placed
in the cars in abundance. They shook hands with all whom they
could reach, and praised the service that the corps had rendered
the country until the bronzed cheeks of more than one soldier
Soldiers True 151
reddened under their compliments. The fact that these men were
soldiers of the Union, fresh from bloody battlefields, swept away
all formalities, and after the bountiful meals were dispatched,
they could be seen promenading the station platforms with their
fair hostesses, chatting like old friends. Their behavior was per-
fectly respectful, and the young ladies treated them like brothers.
In some instances they even gave their cards and hinted at corre-
spondence, and it was afterward suspected that more than one
tender alliance grew out of these interviews. As the trains finally
moved on handkerchiefs waved and choruses of "Good-bye"
and "God bless you" sweetly filled the air. It was a continuous
ovation, and not a man of those two corps who was its recipient
has ever ceased to love Ohio and honor its brave sons and fair
daughters.
As the regimental train rolled away from Dayton into the
western darkness one veteran loosened his belt and exclaimed :
"I'm an im-mor-tial heavy weight from this day! I'm in
hivven, and have been fed by the angels of glory !"
"We have felt the heart-beat of the great North to-day," said
Adjutant Wells.
"A country that can produce such a race as ours is worth fight-
ing for," replied Lieutenant Colonel Walker.
"Or dying for," added Major Boyle. "Do you know," he con-
tinued, "I hear their Godspeed in every click of the wheels. It
seems to be a blessing that is following us."
At Indianapolis the troops were unloaded and marched across
the city, some of them halting at the Soldiers' Home for rations.
They proceeded thence to Jeft'ersonville, Louisville, and Nash-
ville, and the advance of the Twelfth Corps arrived at Stevenson,
Alabama, on October 3-4. Geary's division was halted at Mur-
freesboro, Tennessee, and was placed on guard duty on the Nash-
ville and Chattanooga Railroad from that point as far south as
Tullahoma. The headquarters of Cobham's brigade were at
Christiana. Two companies of his command were sent to Shelby-
ville, and the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment went on
152 Soldiers True
picket from below Murfreesboro to Murray's cut. Some days
later it was sent, with two other regiments, to Stevenson, Ala-
bama, nine miles north of Bridgeport, for similar duty, where it
remained until October t.j, when the advance to Chattanooga
began. The regimental quartermaster's department was at
Bridgeport, under Lieutenant Boyle, where it awaited the arrival
of the teams en route from Virginia.
Major John Alexander Boyle
Soldiers True 155
CHAPTER IX
Waohatchie
HE situation in Tennessee was critical. Burnside with the
Army of the Ohio was isolated and exposed at Knoxville,
and Rosecrans was closely beleaguered at Chattanooga.
Bragg had followed his success at Chickamauga by investing
Chattanooga from the river above to the river below that town.
His line occupied Missionary Ridge, an elevation five hundred
feet high and seven miles long, and the hills to the right of it,
which extended to the Tennessee River, and Lookout Mountain,
seventeen hundred and fifty feet in height, on the left, which com-
manded the river below. In front of this concave line he had es-
tablished another directly across the foot of these hills, close to the
little city. He thus had Rosecrans hemmed in with a wide, un-
fordal)le river in his rear, which river the enemy commanded as
far down as Bridgeport, twenty-six miles, to the railroad that was
the Union general's base of supplies. The result was that, instead
of bringing his stores up the river, Rosecrans was compelled to
haul them in wagons over the mountains in his rear, on almost
impassable roads, for a distance of sixty miles. His army was
soon well-nigh starved and many of his animals actually died
for want of food. He was also nearly out of ammunition. Fire-
wood became so scarce that the stumps and roots of trees were
used, and timber was felled from beyond the river above and
floated into his lines. His camps were within easy range of the
enemy's guns, and he seemed powerless to escape the coils that
were tightening about him. To retreat would have disorganized
and probably destroyed his army. His capture appeared immi-
nent, and the authorities at Washington were in great alarm.
Assistant Secretary of War Dana was sent to Chattanooga, and
reported that he feared Rosecrans would give up the town.
156 Soldiers True
At this juncture Secretary Stanton ordered General Grant
from Vicksburg to Louisville, and went West himself to meet
him. The two men met at Indianapolis, and the secretary handed
the general an order creating the Military Division of the Mis-
sissippi, and placing Grant in command of it. A second order,
whose acceptance was left optional with Grant, relieved Rose-
crans from command of the Army of the Cumberland and made
Thomas his successor. This order was accepted, and on Octo-
ber 19 Grant formally assumed his new and enlarged command.
It embraced the Armies of the Cumberland, Ohio, and Tennessee,
and all the territory between the Alleghanies and the Mississippi,
north of Banks's department in the southwest. Grant imme-
diately telegraphed Burnside to increase his ammunition supply
at Knoxville, and ordered Sherman, who was assigned to the
command of the Army of the Tennessee, from Memphis, a move-
ment, partly by rail, of three hundred and thirty miles. He also
directed Thomas to hold Chattanooga at all hazards, and received
the reply, "We will hold the town till we starve."
Grant reached the front late on the afternoon of October 23,
and at once proceeded to open the river to Bridgeport for the
supply of the army. The chief engineer of the Army of the
Cumberland, General W. F. Smith, had already taken some im-
portant preliminary steps in this direction. He had erected a
small sawmill on the bank of the river and got out material for
pontoons, and had built a large, housed-in scow, rigged with an
old engine and a stern wheel, for use in bringing up supplies so
soon as the river could be opened by driving the enemy's out-
posts from Lookout valley. An abundance of stores and several
other available boats were at Bridgeport. This was the situation
as General Grant found it on his arrival. Brown's Ferry was
three miles and Kelly's Ferry was eight miles below Chattanooga,
and between these points the river was for some distance narrow
and swift. Arrangements were made to warp the boats through
these rapids.
On the morning of October 24 Grant made a personal inspec-
Soldiers True 157
tiuii (jf ihc river as far as Brown's Ferry, and that afternoon is-
sued his orders for the movement, that would give him posses-
sion of the river from Bridgeport. He ordered I'ahner, with his
division of the Fourteenth Corps, to march down the north bank
to a point opposite Whitesides. Smith was given four thou-
sand men, part of whom were to iioat down to Brown's Ferry in
pontoons and efit'ect a landing there. The remainder were to
march down the north side, following Palmer, ^vith materials
for laying a permanent pontoon bridge at the Ferry. Hooker,
who was lying along the railroad north of Bridgeport, was
directed to concentrate his Eleventh and Twelfth Corps there and
march up the south side of the Tennessee, and connect with
Smith, clearing the way as he went. After Hooker had passed
Whitesides Palmer was to cross at that point and protect the rear.
These combinations were worked out with the utmost pre-
cision. Palmer reached Whitesides and at the proper moment
held it. Hazen with eighteen hundred of Smith's men, in sixty
pontoons, like a tribe of Indians, dropped down to Brown's Ferry,
silently at three o'clock on the morning of the 27th, in cover of
darkness. Smith, with his twenty-two hundred additional troops,
was there to support him, and by ten o'clock the bridge was laid,
all were landed, and the approaches to the south side of the Ferry
were fortified. Hooker's advance crossed at Bridgeport on the
26th, with six days' rations, the Eleventh Corps leading, and over
heavy roads, marched past Shell Mound, Whitesides, and Wau-
hatchie, to Brown's Ferry, where he arrived on the evening of
the 28th, with his whole force except Geary's division, which
was his rearguard. Geary encamped that night on a wooded
spur, near the intersection of the Chattanooga and Kelly's Ferry
roads, on the left of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad
tracks, three miles distant from the other troops. His force con-
sisted of the Sixtieth, Seventy-eighth, One Hundred and Thirty-
seventh, and One Hundred and Forty-ninth New York, and the
Twenty-ninth, the One Hundred and Ninth, and One Hundred
and Eleventh Pennsvlvania Regiments, the whole forming two
158 Soldiers True
brigades under General Greene and Colonel Cobham, together
with four pieces of Knap's Pennsylvania Battery. The Sixtieth
New York was detached during the day and halted at Trenton
Junction with orders to hold it.
Hooker's movement was seen by Longstreet's signal post on
Lookout Mountain. It was reported by that officer to General
Bragg, but the latter discredited it and rebuked the messenger
who made the report. On the 28th Bragg and Longstreet were
sitting on Point Lookout, on the brow of the mountain, when an
orderly rushed toward them and declared that the Union troops
were just below them in the valley, and conducting the tw^o gen-
erals to the western edge of the palisades he showed them Hook-
er's corps as they approached Brown's Ferry. Several miles
behind the main column, Geary's rearguard was also discovered
and watched until it made its bivouac immediately beneath the
spot occupied by these interested spectators.
Longstreet was quick to see the numerical weakness of Geary's
two brigades and his isolated position, and determined to cap-
ture the detachment by a night attack. Bragg agreed to send
him the divisions of McLaws and Jenkins to do this work, but
instead sent Jenkins only, who promptly stationed his command
conveniently near and reported to Longstreet. The plan was that
IMcLaws, with his division and one of Jenkins's brigades, should
interpose between Hooker's main body and Geary, w'hile Jen-
kins's other two brigades were to rush and capture the latter
while he was thus cut ofY. Longstreet waited on the mountain
until nearly midnight for the movement to develop, and then,
seeing no signs of it, rode to the point below where the attacking
troops were to rendezvous. There he learned that McLaws had
not been ordered to take part, and under the impression that
nothing would be attempted by Jenkins alone, he retired to his
headquarters without officially ordering that officer back to his
camp. Jenkins, however, understood that he was to act, and
posting Law's, Benning's and Robertson's brigades where
McLaws's division was to have been, he stealthily approached
II
Soldiers True i6i
Geary's camp with Bratton's brigade. This brigade consisted
of the First, Second, Fifth, and Sixth South Carohna Regiments,
the Pahnetto Sharpshooters, and the Hampton Legion.
The night was damp, but through the scudding clouds the
moon, which was just past full, was at times clearly visible. The
rugged flanks of Lookout Mountain, crowned by palisades,- rose
like a huge black wall on the south. At its base a deep, narrow
creek, named for the mountain, flowed toward jNIoccasin Bend in
the sinuous river, and was spanned by one bridge a mile beyond
Geary's camp and by another at Light's Mill three miles in his
rear. The single track of the Nashville and Chattanooga Rail-
road wound through the foothills of the valley. A series of
round wooded knolls, from sixty to one hundred feet in height,
rose beside the wagon road that ran parallel with the railway.
Other hills fell away toward the river bank on the north, and
in front toward the east were the lofty Raccoon Alountains. In
the little vales between these hills were the homes of small
farmers. Geary's men, after their toilsome march through the
mud, went into camp on one of these timbered mounds near Wau-
hatchie Station and rested on their arms. They were alone, the
main body of Hooker's command being three miles away.
Knap's four field pieces were posted close beside them on the
elevation. The Seventy-eighth New York was deployed to the
rear, and the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania was thrown out on the
wooded front and flanks, and along Lookout Creek, on the right.
on picket. Colonel Rickards of that regiment, as grand officer
of the day, had carefully inspected the surroundings and found
no evidence of anything l)ut the enemy's outposts.
Between eleven and twelve o'clock picket firing aroused the
camp, and the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania leaped
into line, in the open field at the foot of the knoll, its right rest-
ing on the railroad embankment, which was three or four feet
in height, and its ranks extending through the dooryard and on
both sides of a log house in which fourteen persons were present.
Lieutenant Colonel Walker ordered the guns loaded, and the One
i62 Soldiers True
Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania and the One Hundred and
Thirty-seventh New York took position on the left. Knap's
gunners were at their posts, but the skirmish line was not driven
in, and within a few minutes the three regiments had broken
ranks and were composing themselves to sleep. At twelve-thirty
the firing was smartly resumed, the pickets came rushing in, and
were posted in support of the battery. The One Hundred and
Eleventh was again first in line, in its former position, but not
before the foe advanced from the woods in front and on the left,
without skirmishers, and not three hundred yards away. In-
stantly a carefully delivered volley from its ready guns was
poured into the yelling and advancing ranks. It was answered
as quickly, while the One Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania
and the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh and One Hundred and
Forty-ninth New York were coming into line. In a moment this
short battle line was enveloped on three sides, the Hampton
Legion appearing on the left, the Second South Carolina and
the Palmetto Sharpshooters emerging from a hill across the
railroad on the right, and the Sixth, First, and Fifth South
Carolina Regiments, in that order, advancing from the front.
Longstreet says that the Union forces were in the center of a
"converging, circular fire."
Two companies on the right of the One Hundred and Eleventh
were quickly refused to the rear, under the protection of the rail-
road bed, to reply to the fire on that flank, and part of the One
Hundred and Thirty-seventh New York took similar position on
the left. The men had sixty rounds of ammunition on their per-
sons, and were ordered to lie down, and fire deliberately and low.
They piled about their heads the rails from the dooryard fence
of the cabin, and prostrate on the ground, bravely obeyed their
instructions. One of Knap's pieces was dragged on the railroad
tracks by hand, and was served from that exposed position, by
gallant men under Lieutenant Edward R. Geary, a son of the
division commander. The other three guns were served to the
front and left, with two-second fuses, over the prostrate forms
Soldiers True
163
and within a few feet of our infantry line. Some of the shells ex-
ploded in our midst. One of these took off the head of the
intrepid Lieutenant Pettit, of Company B, and another tore the
nuisck's from both legs of Lieutenant Black, of Company K, in-
rticting ghastly wounds, which his strong constitution enabled
him to outlive, but which maimed him for life. The One Hun-
dred and Forty-ninth New York was broken as it came into line,
by a stampede of the dismounted officers' horses and the train
Lieutenant Albert E. Black
mules, and re-formed on the rear to the right, where it did but
little of the actual fighting. Lieutenant Colonel Randall, of that
regiment thus describes this misfortune : "We were marching
diagonally to the front toward the enemy, our rear rank exposed
to his fire. The generals commanding the division and brigades
w^ere on the line of battle, directing the formation, when the
enemy opened fire at one hundred yards. In an instant the
mounted men attending the generals, a cavalcade of some twenty
horsemen, became very much scattered and broke to the rear,
passing through my regiment in a dozen different places. In
addition to this, two or three headquarters ambulances and wagon
164 Soldiers True
teams also passed through my Hne. The regiment was thus
broken to pieces and disorganized, with no company formations,
and all exposed to a terrific fire. . . . Lieutenant Davis, of division
staff, directed me to place the regiment by the side of the wagon
road, perpendicular to the line of battle, to guard the right flank.
Took the position indicated, and advanced to the railroad bank
and opened fire. After expending three or four hundred rounds
the enemy withdrew from my front. I remained in this position
until six o'clock on the morning of the 29th."
General Greene was at once severely wounded through the
mouth by a minie ball and carried off the field, and the battle
was practically left to the regimental commanders and the three
heroic battalions that held the line. The fighting became deadly
and terrific, and exhibited a splendid example of what Napoleon
called "two-o"clock-in-the-morning courage." Lieutenant Colonel
Walker escaped death through the deflection of a ball by his hat-
cord that struck him squarely in the forehead and drenched his
face with blood. The noble Major Boyle was killed beneath the
colors, by a minie ball, and Captains Wells and Warner, and Lieu-
tenants Haight, who was serving on the brigade staff, and Tracy,
besides Lieutenant Black, were wounded. Captain Atwell of
the battery was mortally injured, and his only commissioned
subordinate. Lieutenant Geary, was killed. His men were picked
off until but enough remained to man two of the four guns.
Two thirds of his horses were killed or disabled, and two hun-
dred and twenty-four spherical shells were shot from his battery.
For more than two hours the battle raged. The infantry ammu-
nition was about exhausted. Every officer in Company B of the
One Hundred and Eleventh was killed or wounded. Lieutenant
Colonel Walker destroyed the official papers that were on his
person, and prepared to charge his way through the enemy's
line with the bayonet. Forty-six men in his small battalion of
two hundred and eighty-two were killed or wounded.* the One
•Field and Staff — Killed: Major John A. Boyle. Wounded: Lieutenant Colonel
Thomas M. W'alker. Company A — Killed: Private Charles F. Ruble. Captured: Pri-
vate Nelson Loveless (died at Andersonville, November 4, 1S64). Company B — ■
Soldiers True 165
Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania had lost thirty-two, and the
One Hundred and Thirty-seventh New York ninety, men. The
log house that stood on the line was demolished, and its fourteen
frightened inmates were huddled in the cellar, where, strange
to say, not one of them received an injury. Still the stubborn
battle raged on. Every part of the line was assaulted, but it did
not swerve an inch. The One Hundred and Eleventh, gathering
cartridges from the dead and wounded and even from the field
hospital, held back the two regiments that were on the right of
the railroad and one that was on its front, thus fighting in two
directions. The One Hundred and Thirty-seventh New York
repulsed a flank movement made by the Hampton Legion on the
left, while the sadly crippled artillery served the two guns it was
able to man with undiminished energy. And it looked as if the
engagement would end in a hand-to-hand struggle.
But the sound of the battle had been heard in Howard's dis-
tant bivouac near Brown's Ferry, and Schurz was started on
double quick, followed by Steinwehr, toward Geary. The former
lost his way in the darkness and became entangled in a swamp,
but Smith's brigade, of Steinwehr's division, having the Seventy-
third Ohio, the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York, and
the Thirty-third Massachusetts, under the gallant Colonel Un-
derwood, drove the brigades that Law commanded from their
positions, at the point of the bayonet, and across Lookout Creek.
Killed: Second Lieutenant Marvin D. Pettit, Privates William Gerobe, Patrick Mur-
phy (died October 30, 1863), Jonathan Van Horn. Wounded: Captain Wallace B.
Warner, First Lieutenant John J. Haight, Corporal William A. Selby, Privates Wil-
liam Brown, George A. Goodwill, George F. Godell (died at Bridgeport, May 12,
1864), William Koch, James T. Miller, Joseph B. Nobles, Orrin Sweet, Henry Starmer,
James Sidmore, Samuel Sturges. Company C — Wounded: Privates John M. Barr
(died at Chattanooga, October 30, 1863), Theodore Heitz. Company D — Wounded:
Private Robert J. Wilson (died at Bridgeport, November 10, 1863). Com-
pany E — Killed: Privates George H. Moore, John C. Smith. Wounded: Sergeants
Finney and Schaefifer and one substitute. Company F — Wounded: Captain James M.
Wells, First Lieutenant A. W. Tracy, Sergeant Alexander T. Dickson, Private John
Smith. Company G — Wounded: Corporal Smith Bly, Privates EHsha A. Fish, Isaac
Jackson (died at Nashville, July 12, 1864), Cyrenemus Marsh (died at Bridgeport, No-
vember 3, 1863), M. M. Sherwood (died at Bridgeport, November 2, 1S63), Jonathan
Waters. Company H — Wounded: Sergeant Myron E. Smith. Company I — Wounded:
Sergeant Edson C. Clark. Company K — Wounded: First Lieutenant Albert E. Black,
Private Miles Knewstep.
i66 Soldiers True
At three-thirty o'clock the battle was over. Bratton^ seeing that
his line of retreat was threatened, drew off his exhausted bri-
gade from Geary's front and barely managed to escape, leav-
ing ninety of his dead, fifty wounded, fifty-two prisoners, and
three hundred stands of arms in our hands. The total loss of
Geary's division was two hundred and sixteen, and of the Elev-
enth Corps two hundred and four. Bratton's total loss was three
hundred and fifty-six, and the entire Confederate casualties were
four hundred and eight.
The day after the battle Commissary Sergeant Xoah W.
Lowell made a rough box from fence boards, placed the body
of Major Boyle in it, and by Lieutenant Colonel Walker's order
sent it under a guard commanded by Corporal John Hughes, of
Company F, down the river on a flatboat carrying some of the
wounded to Lieutenant Boyle who was in charge of the regi-
mental depot at Bridgeport. The voyage, not without danger,
was made safely, and the major's remains were embalmed and
transported to his family in Philadelphia.
Lieutenant Pettit's body was later conveyed to North East,
Pennsylvania, and interred from the Methodist Episcopal Church
in the cemetery of that village.
General Greene's wound kept him from the field until Januar}',
1865, when he was enabled to join Sherman's army and partici-
pate in the final scenes of the war.
In an order to General Hooker, General Thomas, command-
ing the Army of the Cumberland, says of this battle : "I most
heartily congratulate you and the troops under your command
on the brilliant success you gained over your old adversary
(Longstreet) on the night of the 28th inst. The bayonet charge
of Howard's troops up the heights of a steep and difficult hill.
over two hundred feet high, completely routing and driving the
enemy from his barricades on the top, and the repulse by Geary's
division of greatly superior numbers who attempted to surprise
him, will rank among the most distinguished feats of arms of
this war."
Soldiers True 167
Geary says in his official report : "Of the conduct of the One
Hundred and Thirty-seventh New York, and the One Hundred
and Ninth and One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania, I can-
not speak too highly. They acquitted themselves in a manner
deserving all the commendation a commander can bestow upon
them, and which I take pride in mentioning officially, as well as
the valuable services of all present. In the death of Major
Boyle, of the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania, the com-
mand is deprived of a valuable officer, society of one of its choice
gentlemen, and our country (gains) a noble martyr." Colonel
Cobham is also generously commended in this report.
Lieutenant Colonel Walker in his report writes : "We were for
a long time under fire from three directions, fighting at a great
disadvantage. I mention with pleasure the steadiness and de-
termination of my men. I was greatly indebted to the assist-
ance given me by my major, John A. Boyle, who sealed his
devotion with his life, and to Captains Wells and Warner, both
of whom were struck lightly, and to Lieutenant Albert E. Black,
who was severely wounded."
General Longstreet* says: "Colonel Bratton . . . met gal-
lant resistance, and in one instance had part of his command
forced back, but renewed the attack, making his line stronger,
and forced the enemy into crowded ranks under converging
circular fire, with fair prospects, when recalled under orders to
hasten to the bridge. So urgent was the order that he left the
dead and some of his wounded on the field." In the same con-
nection General Longstreet also says that before the battle it
was an oversight on his part that his troops were not ordered
back to their camps, and he has recently declared his regret that
this was not done in a personal letter to the author. General
Jenkins who commanded the attacking column was afterward
killed in the battle of the Wilderness.
The battle of Wauhatchie was as brave a fight as troops ever
made. After an exhausting march the men were awakened in
*From Manassas to Appomattox, p. 477.
i68 Soldiers True
the dead of night, to find themselves huddled together within a
belt of galling fire delivered by a foe whose superior numbers
they could not even estimate. But without a thought of the
odds against them they fought until almost the last round of
ammunition was used, and would have followed their final shot
with the bayonet had not the foe retired. Had McLaws ap-
peared, as was originally intended, the battle might have been
a massacre. One cannot but regret, with the distinguished
Southern officer above quoted, that the engagement was permitted
to occur.
Geary's small force ought not to have been left thus exposed.
It should have been marched up to Howard on the evening of
the 28th. Hooker was warned of its danger. Mr. Dana tele-
graphed the War Office that "General Hazen endeavored to per-
suade Hooker to bring his forces into more compact line, but he
feared no attack and refused." Immense harm might have re-
sulted from Geary's isolation, and no good resulted from his
heroic, desperate, and costly battle. If he had been captured
or destroyed, or even defeated, Hooker's position would not have
been enviable. The battle was brilliant, but it was also an
excuseless sacrifice of valuable life.
The Tennessee River was now open from Chattanooga to
Bridgeport. In just five days from the time Grant arrived this
necessary movement for the relief of his army was completed.
He had already telegraphed for a supply of vegetables, and
within one week the suflfering Army of the Cumberland was
amply furnished with all needed supplies, and the spirit of the
troops was fully restored. This was our first personal experience
with Ulysses S. Grant, and it convinced us all that in him the
nation had found an extraordinary military chief.
On the 29th the command was brought into line on the north
of Wauhatchie, and spent two days in fortifying its position
amid very inclement weather. On the 31st it was removed to
the Raccoon Mountains on the Kelly's Ferry road, where it threw
up intrenchments and remained until the actual campaign for
Soldiers True 169
tlie relief of Chattanooga began. During the month that fol-
lowed, the regiment furnished strong details to corduroy the
Brown's Ferry road, and to open a second and securer road to-
ward Bridgeport for the supply trains, and over this road Hook-
er's fresh teams were kept busy bringing rations and ammunition
to the front.
I/O Soldiers True
CHAPTER X
The Chattanooga Campaign
LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. — MISSIONARY RIDGE. REENLISTMENT
©RANT was still closely invested in Chattanooga by the
Confederate Army of the Tennessee. In this army Bragg
had three corps under Longstreet, Hardee, and Breckin-
ridge. Dissatisfaction with the commanding general was strongly
felt by many of the principal officers, and Jefiferson Davis visited
headquarters early in October and offered Longstreet the com-
mand. That general declined, however, and on the 4th of Novem-
ber was detached, with McLaws's and Hood's divisions — the lat-
ter under Jenkins — Wheeler's two divisions of cavalry, and
Alexander's and Leydon's artillery, a force of more than fifteen
thousand effective men, to move against Burnside in East Ten-
nessee. The latter was still at Knoxville and Cumberland Gap
with a force of from twenty to twenty-five thousand men, which
he was with difficulty sustaining. Grant, therefore, had before
him the double problem of driving off Bragg and protecting
Burnside. On October 31 Bragg had sixty-five thousand six
hundred men and one hundred and sixty pieces of artillery pres-
ent for duty, and on November 20 Grant's field report showed
sixty-three thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine officers and
men and two hundred and seventy-five guns present.
The Union commander lost no time in addressing himself to
his task. He made a personal inspection of his lines, and care-
fully noted those of the enemy. The pickets of the center of
both armies were separated only by Chattanooga Creek, and
Grant visited his outposts accompanied by one bugler. The com-
mand to "turn out the guard for the commanding general" was
heard and repeated by the Confederate pickets, who actually
Soldiers True 173
lined up and saluted him from their station, and the same day he
conversed with one of Longstreet's men who sat on a log that
had fallen across the stream. On the right our own pickets and
those of the enemy familiarly chafifed each other across the deep
but narrow Lookout Creek. 'Jlie flag which the One Hundred
and Eleventh Regiment had captured at Chancellorsville from
the Fifth Alabama was often satirically mentioned, and its former
possessors were frequently invited to come over and get it.
By October 18 Grant's plans were complete. He proposed a
direct assault all along Bragg's front, and only awaited Sherman's
arrival. Howard's Eleventh Corps was taken from the right and
posted across the river and behind the hills in rear of the town.
Thomas was ordered to be ready to storm Missionary Ridge in
the center. Sherman, on his appearance, was to attack the
enemy's extreme right, at the eastern extremity of the ridge,
turn it, seize his depot of supplies at Chickamauga Station, and
thus threaten the railroad in his rear. Hooker was to charge
Lookout Mountain and fight his way from Lookout to Chatta-
nooga valley, on the right of Grant's line. This program meant
business for all concerned.
The ground over which Sherman must advance included Tunnel
Hill and other eminences beyond it, and was broken and precipi-
tous. Missionary Ridge was steep and rough, and was fortified
from base to summit, and well defended by artillery. Lookout
Mountain seemed impregnable. It rose from the valley twenty-
two hundred feet above tide level and seventeen hundred and
fifty feet above the river that touched its base on the east. The
lower third of its sides presented an ascent of from thirty-five to
forty-five degrees. Then the mountain fell off into a plateau,
and then ascended precipitously again to sheer palisades that were
from fifty to seventy-five feet in height. It was well covered
with hardwood timber, and was seamed with gullies and ravines,
and strewn with great bowlders that had broken from the
palisades during the course of ages. The extreme eastern end
of the crest was known as Point Lookout, and on the plateau far
174 Soldiers True
below it was the Craven farnihouse, overlooking the Chattanooga
valley, and surrounded by a few acres of cleared land. A half
mile back from the Point, on the summit, was Summertown, a
vacation resort, which was afterward used as an officers' hospital,
and is now the site of the fine Lookout Inn and numerous cottages.
From the great headland that terminated in Point Lookout was
spread out one of the most extensive and magnificent views in
all the South. Seven States are said to be visible from it on a
clear day. In the foreground is the Chattanooga valley, with
Missionary Ridge on the south, the Raccoon and Cumberland
Mountains on the north, the noble Tennessee, twelve hundred
feet broad, winding in a series of majestic loops through the cen-
ter, and doubling on itself at the base of the mountain around
Moccasin Bend, and flowing out northward at last through a
gap known as the Suck, and with the city of Chattanooga on a
tongue of land between two bends of the river. Lookout Creek,
hugging the northeastern base of the mountain closely, and Chat-
tanooga Creek, flowing eastwardly through the valley, find the
river near by, and Cameron Hill and Fort Wood, within the city
limits, and Orchard Knob and the beautiful knoll that now con-
tains the National Cemetery, a mile south of the town, and close
to Missionary Ridge, diversify the nearer view. On the left and
to the rear of Point Lookout, toward Bridgeport, is Lookout val-
ley, heaped with verdant mounds, separated by tilled fields, and
with Wauhatchie in full view. To the right beyond Missionary
Ridge is the Chickamauga battlefield and the wild, mountainous
country of northern Georgia, and far to the eastern front the
mountains are banked up to Cumberland Gap, ninety miles away.
Sherman was hurrying with all possible speed, but it was Mon-
day, the 23d of November, before his two corps were up. The
weather was bad, and on the Friday and Saturday previous rain
had fallen steadily. Much difficulty was encountered in holding
the pontoons, and more in laying the bridge on which Sherman
was to cross above the town. The five days that intervened be-
tween the perfection of Grant's plan of battle and Sherman's
Soldiers True 175
arrival were filled with aiLxiety on account of Burnside. On the
20th Grant received under flag a letter from Bragg saying, "As
there still may be some noncombatants in Chattanooga, I deem it
proper to notify you that prudence would dictate their early with-
drawal." He did not know the man from Galena.
Monday, the 23d, w'as still wet and cloudy. On that morning
Thomas, with Granger's and Palmer's corps, was ordered to
carry the enemy's first line. Sheridan and T. J. Wood, of the
h\)urtli Corps, were to lead with their divisions, Palmer was to
support them with two of his Fourteenth Corps divisions, and
Howard was in reserve. At two o'clock in the afternoon the
charge was made, and the whole advanced line of the foe was
promptly captured, occupied, and turned upon him. This move-
ment extended Grant's line one mile nearer Missionary Ridge
and drove the enemy to his trenches on that height. Two hours
after midnight on the morning of the 24th Giles A. Smith's bri-
gade effected a landing in pontoons at the mouth of South Chick-
amauga Creek on the extreme left, and made a lodgment for
Sherman, two of whose divisions were over the river by daylight.
By noon all of Sherman's force was safely across and coming into
line for the grand assault against Bragg's right flank. He formed
his three divisions in column eii echelon to the right, and, aided
by the clouds and mist, gained without loss the two hills beyond
the tunnel at three-thirty o'clock. A half hour later the enemy
unsuccessfully tried this position in a skirmish in wdiich General
Morgan L. Smith was wounded. The foe was soon beaten off
and the position fortified, communication with the river being
kept open.
At three o'clock on the same morning — Tuesday, November 24
— Geary received orders from Hooker to attack Lookout Moun-
tain on the other extremity of Grant's line. He promptly moved
out with his three brigades under Candy, Cobham, and Ireland,
and marched two and one half miles up the valley from
Wauhatchie to Light's Mill, on Lookout Creek. Here he was
joined by Brigadier General Whittakcr, of the Second Division
12
176 Soldiers True
of the Fourth Corps, who reported to him. The early morning
was damp and raw, and clouds and mist enveloped the mountain
side. The men had one day's rations. The creek was too deep
to be forded, but in a few minutes it was bridged, and a picket
post of forty-two men was captured by Cobham's brigade, which
was in the advance. A section of Knap's battery was posted and
left at a point to command the creek. The troops were scaling
the steep and rugged mountain side by the right flank at eight-
thirty o'clock, until the base of the crest was reached. Facing
to the left, they came into line, with the Twenty-ninth and One
Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania on the right, Ireland's
Third Brigade of four regiments in the center, and Candy's First
Brigade en echelon on the left in the front line, with skirmishers
thrown out. Thus the line stretched perpendicularly down the
hill from the palisades to the creek. Three regiments of Whit-
taker's brigade were formed three hundred and fifty yards to the
rear, and the other two one hundred yards in rear of them, and
the order to advance rapidly and sweep every foe from before
them was given. The mountain sloped downward at an angle
of nearly forty-five degrees, and was covered with underbrush
and heavy bowlders, and broken by yawning ravines from fifty
to one hundred feet deep.
At nine o'clock a charge began that continued for three miles
in the fog and over these formidable natural obstacles. Some
distance above the mouth of the creek the left captured a line of
rifle pits, and drove the enemy into and then out of a second line,
thus uncovering the fords where Cruft and Osterhaus were
waiting to join Geary. These troops were placed in reserve, and
again the line climbed forward. Owing to the nature of the
ground the right advanced more rapidly than the left, and Candy
half-wheeled to the right and obliqued upward. The line was a
concave dragnet scooping in everything that was on the mountain
side. When the right and center had advanced somewhat more
than a mile pickets were found in strong natural defenses, and
were driven in on a line of battle that stretched across the plateau
Soldiers True
177
and was sheltered in intreiicliments of rocks and earth breast-
works, protected by tangled slashings. It was Walthall's Mis-
sissippi brigade. With magnificent enthusiasm the One Hundred
and Eleventh Pennsylvania and Ireland's l)rigade charged these
works on double-quick and with the l)ayonet, while the Twenty-
ninth Pennsylvania swept gallantly around on their flank. In
five minutes a wall of flaming steel surrounded the besieged line,
and within fifteen minutes the enemy threw down his arms. A
Captain William A. ^Thomas
few tried to escape, but Reynolds's battery beyond the creek ren-
dered the way out so dangerous that they also preferred to sur-
render. Four stands of colors were taken, and the prisoners were
sent back to Whittaker, whose men were near enough to see and
cheer the clever victory.
Over these captured intrenchments the line dashed, unmindful
of fatigue, and rounding the point of the mountain came in sight
of the Craven farm. In its dooryard were two pieces of artiller\%
and protecting it from the front was Maney's Confederate brigade
within another mass of strong defenses. As the right swerved a
178 Soldiers True
little from the palisades to flank these works a regiment struck it
from above, but the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania about-faced and
gave it such a volley at short range that it surrendered before a
second round could be served. A squad of a dozen or more rose
up from the rocks in front of the One Hundred and Eleventh
Regiment and threw up their hands. Sergeant Malin, who was
some paces in advance of the colors, ordered them to come in.
They replied that there were so many of them they feared they
would be fired upon^ and asked him to take them to the rear and
thereby secure a promotion. He answered that our troops never
fired on unarmed men, and that he had not time to think of pro-
motion just then. The regiment and Ireland's brigade charged
Maney's works as they had charged Walthall's, on front and
flank, while Candy came upon them from below. Three guns
from the top of the palisades endeavored in vain to reach the
Union line, but shells and hand grenades were hurled down by
hand upon our men. In a few minutes the Craven house, its
intrenchments and cannon were in our hands. At noon Cobham's
flag was planted on the highest point fought over that day, and
before two o'clock we were in undisputed possession of the
Gibraltar of the Confederate line. The enemy had been driven
four miles, Geary had worked Hooker's way from Lookout into
Chattanooga valle}^, and Bragg's flank on Missionary Ridge was
open to our triumphant troops.
At daylight the next morning the colors of the Twenty-ninth
Pennsylvania and the Eighth Kentucky Regiments were planted
on the palisades. The enemy on the crest had evacuated during
the night, leaving part of his stores and equipage. The One
Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania was brought into line, when
the work was over, with its back against the palisades, where it
remained until nine o'clock in the evening, when it was relieved
by General Carlin and marched down the mountain to a bivouac
in one of the enemy's camps. There it received for each man one
hundred rounds of ammunition. Other parts of the division had
been supplied by pack mules. Fog had continued all day, and
■syivania veteran Volunteers
cout Motintain, Tenn.
Soldiers True i8i
because of this fact Quartermaster General Meigs, who was at
Grant's headquarters, had telegraphed the Secretary of War that
Hooker had fought "a battle above the clouds." The loss of the
regiment was two officers wounded, one man killed, two mortally
wounded, and five wounded.*
On the face of the palisades at Point Lookout the State of
Pennsylvania, in Noveml^er, 1897, erected a large bronze tablet
to commemorate the service of the One Hundred and Eleventh
Regiment in the battle of Lookout Mountain. This memorial is
securely clamped into the native rock. At its formal unveiling the
author made the address. The following inscription, in raised
letters, appears upon the tablet :
iiiTH Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteer Infantry.
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas M. Walker, Commanding.
Cobham's 2D Brigade, Geary's 2d Division, Slocum's i2th Corps.
Recruited in Erie, Pennsylvania, and joined the Army of the Potomac.
Joined the Army of the Cumberland, and was attacked near midnight at
Wauhatchie Station, Tennessee, by troops of Jenkins' brigade, of Hood's
division, consisting of six small Confederate regiments under command
of Colonel Bratton. This regiment assisted in holding the enemy in check
while the brigade got into line, when, after three hours' fighting, the
enemy was repulsed and returned to his camp on Lookout. On the 24th
of November, 1863, the regiment was ordered to assault the rugged sides
of Lookout Mountain. Under cover of the fog it marched to Light's Mill
and up the mountain side until the right of the line rested under the pali-
sades, when, facing to the front, the line extending up and down the
mountain, it advanced and, forcing back the enemy, gained a point ex-
tending from the palisades toward and near the Craven house. Facing
to the right, it gained a position under the palisades where the enemy on
the top of the mountain rolled rocks and dropped lighted shells on the
men as they stood with their backs against the palisades, while they were
under the fire of the sharpshooters and the enemy on the works farther
down the mountain. Early in the morning of the 25th it was discovered
that the enemy had evacuated his works, and some of the adventurous
•Company A — Mortally wounded: First Sergeant, Percy B. Messenger (died at Tul-
lahoma, December 8, 1863). Wounded : Private Hezekiah Makin. Company C —
Killed: Corporal Richard L. Hartshorn. Mortally wounded: Private Robert L. Mid-
dleton (died at Murfreesboro, December 11, 1863). Wounded: Private Edwin W.
Whipple. Company E — Wounded : Privates Thomas Handley, Michael Malone. Com-
pany G — Wounded : Captain William A. Thomas. Company I — Wounded : Private
James Porter. Company K — Wounded: Second Lieutenant Plympton A. Mead.
i82 Soldiers True
ones climbed up rude ladders and gained the summit. Leaving Lookout,
the regiment crossed the valley toward Missionary Ridge. Loss, one
killed. Eight wounded.
During the night the weather cleared and grew cold, and
Wednesday, the eventful 25th of November, 1863, dawned bril-
liantly. At midnight Sherman received orders by a staff officer
from Grant to attack at daylight with the promise that Thomas
would follow at the center early in the day. Sherman's left was
near Chickamauga Creek, and his line extended over the two
hills held by Lightburn and Ewing, facing the eastern end of
Missionary Ridge, Between him and the Ridge were a small val-
ley, a fortified hill, the rough gorge througTi wEfch the tunnel
passes, and a higher hill from which the enemy had a plunging
fire over the intervening field. In the gorge the forces that were
to defend Bragg's right, thus supported, were concealed. Soon
after sunrise Corse, with the Fortieth Illinois and the Thirtieth
and Forty-sixth Ohio, moved across the valley to the first emi-
nence, and within eighty yards of the nearest intrenched line,
and became briskly engaged. He charged the works, and for an
hour or more the confiict was maintained, each side holding its
position. Morgan L. Smith's command gained distance toward
the Ridge in his front, and Loomis reached the tunnel gorge, on
the right. Corse was wounded, and Colonel Walcutt, of the
Forty-sixth Ohio, took the brigade. Ewing ordered up Raum's
and Matthias's brigades, which were attacked on their right and
rear and temporarily disconcerted, but the main line held steadily
to its progress. The artillery from Sherman's two hills gave it
strong support. Jefiferson C. Davis's division was ordered to cross
Chickamauga Creek and threaten Bragg's depot. Howard was
sent after him, and at four o'clock the Fifteenth Corps followed
both, so that all these troops were put on the enemy's right rear.
Davis reached the depot to find it in fiames, and struck the rear
of Bragg's retreating right.
Grant and Thomas sat their horses side by side on Orchard
Knob, which was in the center of the long field, and from which
Soldiers True 183
every part of it was visible. The Union commander, calm and
resolute, saw Sherman's hot battle on the left, sent him a fresh
division, and perceived that Bragg was weakening his center to
press Sherman. He also knew that Hooker, on the right, should
be across Chattanooga Creek, and on the other flank of the
enemy's line at Rossville Gap. This was exactly the situation he
was waiting for, and at three o'clock he ordered Thomas to
charge the Confederate center. The Fourteenth Corps held
Thomas's right, connecting on the left with the Fourth, and they
had been ready all day for their work. As soon as Sheridan and
T. J. Wood received the order to advance, their divisions leaped
forward with ringing cheers. The Ridge was defended by three
lines of rifle pits, strongly supported by artillery. An advanced
line was in front of the first line of works, but so impetuous was
the charge that the Union troops reached it almost as soon as
their retreating foes, and instead of halting there for alignment,
as had been directed, they rushed on and up the rugged hillside
to the second line, which was halfway up, scattering the enemy
right^and left, and almost before either side could realize it they
were in possession of the final line on the crest. Bragg's weak-
ened center sought to defend itself bravely, but the weight of
the charge was resistless. The enemy's missiles flew, for the most
part, over the heads of the advancing troops. Thousands of
prisoners streamed to the rear as the successive works were taken,
and when the top of the Ridge was gained the enemy was in a
panic, and fled, leaving much of his artillery and thousands of
small arms. Sheridan did not even halt at the crest, but pushed
on to Chickamauga Creek, and to a second eminence, which he
captured. The forces in Sherman's front fell away with the
broken center, and Palmer on the right carried the victory along
the line.
Hooker, w^ith Geary's, Osterhaus's, and Cruft's divisions had
moved from Lookout Mountain, on the right of Palmer, at ten
o'clock, without rations, and had pushed toward Rossville Gap.
The bridge across Chattanooga Creek was destroyed, and after
184 Soldiers True
waiting four hours for its repair, he finally forded the deep
stream. Reaching the Gap, Osterhaus and Cruft passed through
and charged the Ridge from its western end and rear, and Geary,
with Candy's brigade in front and Cobham's in second line,
pressed up on the front of the heights and formed a junction with
Johnson's division of Palmer's corps just as the latter gained the
crest at sunset. Thus, with Sherman near Graysville and Geary
behind Rossville, the wings of Grant's army almost encircled the
enemy's flanks, while his center, like a lance, had passed com-
pletely through its vitals. Bragg's broken and disorganized
troops surged like a mob through the narrow line of retreat that
remained open toward Ringgold, leaving the roads littered with
burning stores and abandoned wagons and arms, and the depot,
with all its valuable supplies, in ashes.
It was one of the cleanest and most complete victories of the
war. Grant had a superiority in numbers, but this was more than
compensated by Bragg's great advantage in position. The
weather was perfect, and from Orchard Knob at the right center
was fully revealed a stretch of nearly seven miles, within which
one hundred and thirteen thousand men were struggling for mas-
tery. The curving, elevated line of the enemy on the Ridge, the
intersecting angle of Sherman's line on the extreme left, and the
shorter, interior front of Thomas at the base of the hill, all en-
veloped in smoke and vomiting fire, the quick shifting of troops,
the flash of steel, the gallop of staff officers, and the cheering
shouts of sixty thousand men breaking upon the terrific thunder
of arms, exhibited a thrilling example of war. And the final
moment, when the besieging front gave way, and with redoubled
huzzas the triumphant Union army swept after the retreating foe,
General Grant among them, was an overwhelming climax of
human power. Within exactly thirty-three days the man who
had reduced Forts Henry and Donelson, won the battle of Pitts-
burg Landing, and captured Vicksburg had raised the siege of
Chattanooga and turned the despair of a great army into the joy
of conquest.
SoLDiJiKS True 185
The next day was tliat which had Ijccn set apart for national
thanksgiving, and Halleck telegraphed Grant, "This is truly a
Thanksgiving Day." A joint resolution of Congress thanked the
victorious commander and his men, and directed a medal to be
struck and presented to him in the name of the people of the
United States. And Abraham Lincoln sent him the following
message, "Understanding that your lodgment at Chattanooga and
Knoxville is now secure, I tender to you and all under your com-
mand my more than thanks — my profound gratitude — for the
skill, courage, and perseverance with which you and they, over
so great difficulties, have effected that important object. God
bless you all."
Grant's total loss was five thousand and eight hundred and
twenty-four, and Bragg's was reported at six thousand six hun-
dred and sixty-seven, but Grant captured six thousand one
hundred and forty-two prisoners, and as Bragg acknowledged
a loss in killed and wounded of twenty-five hundred and forty-
one his aggregate casualties must have been eight thousand six
hundred and eighty-three. Forty pieces of artillery and seven
thousand stands of small arms also fell into our possession.
The following day Sherman was promptly started for the relief
of Burnside, and by December 6 that officer was reached and
Longstreet's siege of Knoxville was raised.
On the same morning, November 26, at ten o'clock, Geary
marched under Hooker's orders through Rossville Gap, on the
line of the retreat of Breckinridge's corps toward Graysville.
He crossed Chickamauga Creek on a foot bridge, swimming his
horses, and leaving his artillery to await the pontoon train.
Everywhere the smoke of burning trains and stores was visible,
and the road Avas strewn with caissons, limbers, broken wagons,
tents, and other debris of a hastily retreating army. All bridges
were destroyed. Stragglers w-ere captured, and hiding soldiers
were brought in as the march proceeded, by flanking parties.
At dusk Graysville was reached, and Osterhaus came upon
Breckinridge's rear guard. Geary's own division formed line
1 86 Soldiers True
in support on both sides of the road, and three giins of Fer-
guson's battery were captured. At ten o'clock in the evening
Pea \'lne Creek and Chickamauga Swamp were passed, and the
enemy was discovered a short distance beyond on Pigeon Hill.
Osterhaus's skirmishers engaged him, and Creighton's First Bri-
gade was hurried forward in support. Cobham's brigade was
posted in an open field three hundred yards in rear. As Oster-
haus advanced up the hill the enemy retired. The command
bivouacked at the foot of the hill, having marched nearly fifteen
miles. The next morning at daylight the pursuit was renewed,
Osterhaus in advance, Geary following, and Cruft in the rear. At
eight o'clock Ringgold was approached and the enemy's rear
again encountered.
The troops had passed into Georgia, above Graysville, and just
below Ringgold they were confronted by a steep and high emi-
nence, more rugged than Missionary Ridge, which lay directly
across their path. A little beyond the village the railroad passes
through a gap in this hill, which was known as Taylor's Ridge.
Upon its crest Cleburne's division of Hardee's corps was posted,
Bragg's whole army having gone through the gap during the pre-
vious afternoon and night. Osterhaus was already assaulting the
Ridge as Gear}''s men crossed the creek by a toll bridge that had
fortunately escaped destruction, and hastened through the town
under a brisk musketr)' fire. He was ordered in on the left of
Osterhaus. Creighton's First Brigade came into line under
severe fire three fourths of a mile from the gap, and gallantly
charged up the precipitous and wooded hillside. For a half hour
the brigade advanced from rock and tree toward the crest, fight-
ing at ever}' step. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Penn-
sylvania was on the extreme left, and Creighton's own regiment,
the Seventh Ohio, was next. This latter battalion was familiarly
known as the "Roosters," because of its battle cr\% which imitated
the crowing of a cock. As it neared the top of the hill, giving its
peculiar cry, it entered a ravine, from the sides of which it re-
ceived a smothering enfilading fire that almost annihilated it.
Soldiers True 187
Jjut it pressed on until it was within twenty-five yards of the
crest, when, with nearly one half of its men and well-nigh all of
its officers struck down, it was retired. The One Hundred and
Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania, Colonel Pardee, gained the summit,
but its position was found untenable, and it also fell halfway
down the hill, and re-formed on the Seventh Ohio. The remain-
ing regiments of the brigade, the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania
and the Sixty-sixth Ohio, held their advance forty yards below
the crest, and in this position the brigade fought on for more
than two hours. But the splendid Seventh Ohio was almost de-
stroyed. All its officers but one, including its colonel and
lieutenant colonel, were killed or wounded, and the regiment
stacked less than forty muskets that night and was under
command of a first lieutenant.
As soon as Creighton's brigade had begun its movement to the
left Cobham's command was brought up and massed in a corn-
field behind the stone depot on the outskirts of the town near
Taylor's Ridge. It had scarcely taken this position before some
of Osterhaus's regiments were pushed back on the right. Cob-
ham moved at a double-quick, under fire, and formed line on a
mound on the left of the railroad and the Gap in support of the
weakened point. Ireland was four hundred yards to the rear in
the main street of the village. The advance of the enemy was
checked, but our right was in danger of being flanked. Ireland
was hurried to the right in double time, while an intensified fire
of grape, canister, and musketry w^as concentrated on the whole
line. He crossed a swamp nearly a half mile in diameter, and,
forming along Catoosa Creek, helped to turn Osterhaus's defense
into an aggressive battle, which forced the enemy back upon the
ridge. Major Reynolds, chief of artillery, opportunely arrived
with his batteries, at this time, and at one o'clock Osterhaus
charged and held the Ridge, and Ireland pushed his skirmishers
through the Gap. The fighting had continued five hours. The
One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania was posted in the Gap,
and the Union troops held all the field. The next day the One
1 88 Soldiers True
Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania went on picket beyond the
scene of the battle. It subsequently temporarily reported to Ire-
land in the Gap, and at two o'clock on the morning of December
I, with the division, it began its return march to its camp in
Lookout valley, where it arrived tw elve hours later. It lost at
Ringgold one officer. Second Lieutenant Plympton A. ]Mead, of
Company K, w^ounded.
In this campaign of eight days the regiment was without over-
coats or blankets. The weather was either very cold or raw^ and
Captain Plympton A. Mead
rainy, and the men, in their thin, unlined blouses, suffered se-
verely. They took the field with but one day's rations and
received no more until the third day. But three days' rations
were issued to them during the eight. Four of the nights w^ere
passed on picket, and on the last day they marched twenty-six
miles. One of the nights was so cold that ice formed one half
inch in thickness, and but for the great fires that were kept
burning the men would have frozen in bivouac. Speaking of
these facts in his official report, Lieutenant Colonel Walker says :
Soldiers True 189
"The sturdy valor and uncomplainiiig endurance of my men,
suffering from hunger and severe cold, are only another exhibi-
tion of the pluck of the American volunteer." The casualties of
the division on the Ringgold march were two hundred and three.
The camp to which they now returned was on a hill beside the
Kelly's Ferry road and near a stream of water. It was well
timbered, and the command soon made itself comfortable. The
winter was much the coldest of the war, the ground was fre-
quently frozen, and storms, with rain, sleet, and flurries of snow,
were prevalent, but the men built huts and bid defiance to the
weather.
The time of most of the troops was expiring with the ensuing
year, and Congress, at its recent session, had passed a law to
encourage reenlistments. That act provided that volunteers or
regimental organizations who had served for two consecutive
years might reenlist as veterans. Individual soldiers, remustered
for the war, were to receive a national bounty of four hundred
and two dollars, to be paid in installments, and were to be offi-
cially designated veteran volunteers, and allowed a thirty days'
furlough within the States from which they originally enlisted;
and regiments, remustering as such, were to be entitled veteran
regiments, and accorded the furlough in a body. The surviving
original members of the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsyl-
vania reenlisted at Wauhatchie, Tennessee, almost to a man, the
ofificers were remustered, and from December, 1863, its colors
were inscribed with the honorable legend "\'eteran." The gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania sent a commission, consisting of Surgeon
General King, Mr. Francis, of Lawrence County, and Dr. Ken-
nedy, to the Army of the Cuml^erland, to encourage reenlistments
among the troops from that State, and to felicitate them, in the
name of the people, upon their w^ork in the Chattanooga cam-
paign. These gentlemen appeared, with General Geary and his
staff, at the camp of the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment
on the morning of December 9, and after the battalion had been
passed in review before them th? general introduced them.
1 90 Soldiers True
Surgeon General King explained that only very urgent executive
business prevented Governor Curtin from being present, and
declared that the recent brilliant achievements, in which the regi-
ment had borne an honorable part, would form a splendid epi-
sode in the national history, and ever remain an honor to the com-
mand. He assured the soldiers of the love and gratitude of the
people of Pennsylvania, and predicted final and glorious victory
for the Union from them and their comrades. Mr. Francis fol-
lowed him in these words among others :
Officers and men of the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania In-
fantry : I see before me a tattered, faded, blood-stained flag which I
personally saw presented to you by Governor Curtin, less than two years
ago, and if this is the same standard, how fully and nobly you have re-
deemed the promise made that day by your colonel.
Noble soldiers ! Brave men ! I cannot express my emotions, as I stand
before you and look into the faces of the Spartan band who scaled those
heights yonder on Lookout Mountain. I have visited those rugged, well-
nigh inaccessible heights, and I cannot understand how it was possible
for you and your intrepid comrades to capture them. I have conversed
with officers and men on the subject, and yet I utterly fail to comprehend
how it could be done. If you had not already done it I would say it was
an impossible achievement. Nature has reared there a pile that so long
as the earth endures, so long as man exists, will be a glorious monument,
brave men, to your valor, your skill, and your patriotism. My friend,
General King, has said that he would tell the people at home what you
have done. I am glad he made that promise, for I am sure that I could
never tell them how fortresses like those were ever captured from armed
troops by mortal men.
The work of reenlistment went bravely on, and by December
28 the eligible members had been remustered, the regiment was
enrolled as a veteran organization, its leave of absence was
granted, and it was ready to take the train for home. The bodies
of Lieutenant Pettit, of Company B, and Private Moore, of Com-
pany E, were exhumed, and placed in charge of Lieutenant
Patterson for transportation with the regiment. Before it em-
barked it was addressed by General Geary in complimentary and
affectionate terms, and an incident occurred whose humiliation
was relieved in some degree by its absurdity. One of the men
Regimental Colors, December. 1863, with Color Sergeants
Frank Guy and Alonzo Foust
13
Soldiers True 193
had been convicte'd of rt)l)l)iiig- his dead comrades alter the battle
of Lookout Mountain, and was sentenced to be dishonorably dis-
missed the service and drummed out of camp. This hour was
ap])ointed for the execution of the penalty. It was a clear, frosty
winter morning^, and the division was paraded in open, hollow-
square. The culprit was marched out by the provost guard, and
seated on a cracker l)Ox in the center of the inclosing lines. The
military buttons were cut from his uniform. A colored barber
appeared w'ith a bucket of suds and a razor. The prisoner was
thickly lathered, and every hair was closely shaved from his
steaming head and face. He was then marched up and down the
lines at the point of the bayonet to the tune of the "Rogue's
March," and was thus cast out of the army without even a hat.
It is said that when he finally reached home he explained that
his head had been shaved because of camp fever.
The men were placed on board of freight cars, and the baggage
and stores were floated down the river to Bridgeport. The
weather was intensely cold, and fires were lighted on the car
floors, but fortunately did not burn the trains. Some of the sol-
diers were, however, badly frost-bitten. The command was paid
at Louisville, and reached Erie on January 14, 1864, where it was
met at the station by ex-Colonel Schlaudecker and a company of
marines amid the ringing of bells and the booming of cannon.
The city was ablaze with flags, and banners inscribed, "Gallant
Soldiers, Welcome Home," spanned the principal streets. At
Brown's Hotel the mayor formally received the battalion with an
inspiring address, after which all were served with a sumptuous
dinner by the ladies at Wayne Hall. The next day the bronzed
and eager veterans were dispersed among the homes which they
had left nearly two years before, for the enjoyment of their well-
earned vacation.
194 Soldiers True
CHAPTER XI
The Atlanta Campaigfn
ROCKY FACE. RESACA. — NEW HOPE CHURCH
'HE veteran furlough, with all its joys, expired very
quickly, and on Friday afternoon, February 26, 1864,
the regiment rendezvoused at Pittsburg and was quar-
tered in Wilkens Hall. Here it received new national and
State colors. On March i it was ordered to its old command at
Chattanooga, but its transportation was not ready until the 4th,
and it finally arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, on the morning
of the 9th. A few promotions were announced at this time. First
Lieutenant J. Richards Boyle was appointed adjutant, vice Hiram
L. Blodgett, who was made captain of Company H ; and First
Lieutenant William L. Patterson was commissioned and mus-
tered as captain of Company E, Second Lieutenant Jesse ]\Ioore
succeeding him as first lieutenant of that company. First Ser-
geant Hiram Bissell was promoted to second lieutenant a few
weeks later. An unprecedented snowstorm, in which the snow
attained a depth of nine inches, greeted the regiment on its re-
turn to this part of the sunny South.
On March 2 Grant had been commissioned lieutenant general
and placed in command of all the armies of the United States.
Sherman succeeded him in command of the Military Division of
the Mississippi and formally relieved him on the i8th. Burnside
had been relieved by Foster, who, in turn, had given place to
Schofield as commander of the Army of the Ohio, at Knoxville,
and McPherson had succeeded Sherman as the head of the
Army of the Tennessee. Logan had taken McPherson's place
in command of the Fifteenth Corps. Howard had relieved
Granger of the Fourth Corps, and the Eleventh and Twelfth
Corps were consolidated as the Twentieth under Hooker, Slo-
Soldiers True 195
cum going to \'icksburg. On the other side Bragg had been
relieved in December by General Joseph E. Johnston, whose
army occupied the strong defenses at Dalton, thirty miles south
of Chattanooga, to which Bragg had retreated after his defeat
the previous November, and Longstreet had been ordered back
to Virginia.
These important changes in the L'nion Army constituted an
epoch in the history of the war. Up to this time there had been
no less than seventeen separate military commands which were
independent of each other, and operated as such, under the gen-
eral supervision of Halleck who as general-in-chief had his head-
quarters in Washington. The whole army now became a unit
under Lieutenant General Grant and was to be used as one great
harmonious body throughout the field of conflict. The Army of
the Potomac was considered the center of this united organiza-
tion, the Western armies to the Mississippi River composed the
extended right wing, the Army of the James the left wing, and
all the forces on the south of the Confederate lines were regarded
as the troops in the rear of the enemy. Halleck was appointed
chief of staft, and the new lieutenant general formed a plan of
campaign which, by a simultaneous movement would encircle
and close in on the Confederacy at all points. "Concentration,"
Grant declared, "was the order of the day." Without relieving
either Meade or Butler from their commands of the Armies of
the Potomac and the James, the lieutenant general proposed to
direct all oi^erations from his headquarters in the field with the
first of these armies, while Sherman was charged with full com-
mand on the north of the enemy's line in the West. On the south
of this line Banks was instructed to turn over the defense of the
Red River to Steele, and to move against Mobile, and on Grant's
own right flank in \'irginia and West Mrginia Sigel was to pro-
tect the Shenandoah valley, and farther west Crook, cooperating
with Ord, was. with his cavalry, to guard the Virginia and Ten-
nessee Railroad. Gillmore and W. F. Smith were to command
the wins:? of Butler's armv. and Sheridan was to take the cav-
196 Soldiers True
airy of the Army of the Potomac. The concerted movement, east
and west, was to begin on Alay 5. This plan was a masterly and
comprehensive conception in grand strategy, and when it was
revealed in April to Sherman he clapped his hands and ex-
claimed, "This looks like enlightened warfare at last."
Major General William Tecumseh Sherman, who was to play
such an important part during the next thirteen months in the
execution of these great movements which brought the war for
the Union to its successful termination, was at this time forty-
four years of age. He was descended from Connecticut stock,
and was a son of Judge Charles R. Sherman, of Ohio. He grad-
uated number six in a class of forty-three from West Point in
1840, and was assigned to the Third Artillery. He saw some
service among the Indians in Florida but none in Mexico, and
spent several years in California before and at the time of the
gold discoveries. In 1853 he resigned from the army wath the
rank of captain, and engaged in banking and in the practice of
law. He assumed the presidency of a military academy at Alex-
andria, La., in 1859, which he relinquished at the breaking out
of the war, and was in St. Louis at the head of a street railway
company in the spring of 1861. He promptly offered his service
to the War Department, and was appointed colonel of the Thir-
teenth United States Infantry. He commanded a brigade at
the first battle of Bull Run, and was appointed a brigadier gen-
eral on August 3, 1861, and was commissioned major general on
May I, 1862. His services with General Grant in the Henry,
Donelson, Shiloh. Corinth, and Vicksburg campaigns gained for
him high professional distinction, and won for him the lifelong
admiration and friendship of his great chief. For his work at
^'^icksburg he was given the rank of brigadier general in the
regular army. He w^as tall and spare in person, quick and im-
petuous in manner, simple and self-denying in taste, tolerant but
confident, swift and aggressive in judgment, and widely read
in the principles and history of his profession. Intellectual, posi-
tive, conscientious, fluent with tongue and pen, always ready for
Soldiers True 197
a discussion, possessing tremendous power of industry and
endurance, and exhaustless in resource, he was eminently quali-
fied to assume great responsibility and work out arduous tasks.
His intense activity gave the impression that he never slept, was
never weary, and could not be still. His preoccupation of mind
was such tliat he has been known to demand of a soldier a light
from a pipe for his cigar, and then to dash the pipe on the ground
in pieces, as if it were a match, and rush away unconscious of
the soldier's surprise and the meaning of the laughter of the by-
standers. In the field he was careless of his personal appearance,
and was usually recognizable by his slouch hat and blouse. He
could rough it with the hardiest of his men, who admired him
as much for his simplicity as for his greatness, and who affec-
tionately spoke of him as "Uncle Billy." He enjoyed their
familiar regard, and w^as accustomed to relate how on the march
to the sea, after he had issued an order permitting foraging, he
met a soldier with a ham on his bayonet, a jug of molasses
under his arm, and a great piece of honeycomb in his hands,
who winked at him, and quoted from the order, "They will forage
liberally on the country."
Associated with General Sherman at this time were three army
commanders who w^ere in every respect worthy of their chief.
Major General George H. Thomas was a Virginian, and was
four years older than Sherman. They graduated together at
West Point in 1840, and both were artillerists. Thomas dis-
tinguished himself under Taylor at Monterey and Buena Vista,
where he was brevett^d captain and presented with a sword.
When the civil war began he was a major in the Second United
States Cavalry, of which Robert E. Lee was Lieutenant Colonel.
He rendered eminent service in the early campaigns in Kentucky
and Tennessee, and forever established his fame at Chicka-
mauga, where he covered the retreat. On Rosecrans's retirement,
in October, 1863, Grant had gladly accepted his appointment to
the conmiand of the Army of the Cumberland. He had handled
that army admirably at the battle of Chattanooga, and was
198 Soldiers True
to lead it to new victories in the Atlanta campaign, while
still later he was to win even higher renown by his defense of
Franklin and Nashville and his annihilation there of the army
of his antagonist. General Thomas was slow and cautious in
temperament, but resolute, capable, and trustworthy. Sherman
relied upon him implicitly, but was often amused at his de-
liberation. He says that he never knew General Thomas to
urge his horse into a gallop but once on all the Atlanta march,
and that was when he heard the news of the surrender of the
city.
The West Point class of 1853 contained besides Sheridan and
Hood (the latter of the Confederate Army) both of Sherman's
other army commanders, Schofield and AlcPherson. The for-
mer was in 1864 only thirty-three years of age. He had served
with distinction in Missouri under Lyon, and had later been pro-
moted to major general and commanded that department. After
the war he was, in due course, to become the lieutenant general
and command the army of the United States, and was to outlive
every officer save one who commanded a separate army during
the civil war. McPherson was three years Schofield's senior,
and was one of the most brilliant general officers which the war
for the Union produced. A military engineer of the first rank,
a commander of recognized genius, a man of handsome person
and engaging qualities, his untimely death before Atlanta cut
short a career that had not yet reached it zenith. He had been
Grant's chief engineer on his campaigns in 1862, and received
the major general's rank in October of that year. Sherman
looked upon him, in case the casualties of war removed Grant
and himself, as the man who would succeed to supreme command
and end the conflict.
Under these three commanders the Armies of the Cumberland,
the Ohio, and the Tennessee were marshaled for the campaign
against Johnston's army and Atlanta. The Army of the Cum-
berland on May i, 1864, consisted of the Fourth, Fourteenth,
and Twentieth Corps^ under Howard, Palmer, and Hooker, and
Soldiers True 199
had an effective strength of sixty thousand men and one hundred
and thirty guns. The Army of the Ohio contained the Twenty-
third Corps, under (lencral Schofield, and Stoneman's cav-
ah-y, numbering thirteen thousand five hundred effectives and
twenty-eight guns. The Army of the Tennessee had the Fif-
teenth and Sixteenth Corps present, under Logan and Dodge,
and the Seventeenth, under Blair, who arrived in June. It num-
bered twenty-four thousand five hundred available men and
ninety-six guns.'" These forces gave to Sherman an aggregate
of somewhat over ninety-eight thousand men and two hundred
and fifty-four pieces of artillery. The cavalry were under Stone-
man, Garrard, E. McCook, and Kilpatrick, and aggregated about
six thousand men.
Opposed to this army was that of General Joseph E. Johnston,
who had the corps of Hardee and Hood, and a little later that
of Polk, an aggregate force of nearly sixty-one thousand effective
men and one hundred and forty-four guns. Johnston was an
officer whose military service was much embarrassed by the per-
sonal hostility of Jeft'erson Davis, but he was one of the oldest
and ablest of all the Confederate generals. Longstreet declares
him to have been "the foremost soldier of the South." He grad-
uated from West Point in 1829 in the class with Robert E. Lee,
and in 1864 was fifty-five years of age. In the Seminole War
he was an aid-de-camp to General Scott, and in the war against
the Florida Indians he saved a detachment from massacre in an
ambush in which he received a severe wound in the head and
had thirty bullet holes put through his clothing. As a topograph-
ical engineer he rendered important service in the Sault Ste.
Marie, the harbor of Eric, and in determining the Texan bound-
ary. He served in the Mexican War under Scott from Vera
Cruz to the city of IMexico, was wounded at Cerro Gordo and
*These corps were officially designated by the following badges, worn by their mem-
bers: Fourth, a triangle; I'ourteenth, an acorn; Fifteenth, a cartridge box on a
diamond; Sixteenth, a capital cross; Seventeenth, an arrow; Twentieth, a star;
Twenty-third a shield. The different divisions were recognized by the colors red,
white, and blue, in that order. If there was a fourth division in any corps its color
was yellow.
200 Soldiers True
Chapultepec. For gallantry in the first of these battles he was
honored with three brevets, and in the latter engagement he per-
sonally planted the American colors on the Mexican fortress.
On the breaking out of the civil war he was quartermaster gen-
eral of the United States army, but resigned to share the fortunes
of his native State of Virginia. In August, 1861, he was ap-
pointed one of the five full generals that an act of the Con-
federate Congress had created, and should have been the senior
among them. He commanded the army that opposed McClel-
lan's peninsular campaign until the battle of Seven Pines, on
May 31, 1862, when he was twice severely wounded. His sub-
sequent work was in Mississippi, until he was given command
of Bragg's defeated army after the Chattanooga campaign. Gen-
eral Sherman had a high respect for his ability, and a distin-
guished officer who served with him on the Southern side, and
who knew him well, wrote of him after the war that "he was
skilled in the art and science of war, gifted in his quick, pene-
trating mind and soldierly bearing, genial and afifectionate in
nature, honorable and winning in person, and confiding in his
love.''* During the five months that he was in command before
the campaign opened he was busy gathering reinforcements from
Mississippi and Georgia, and in locating and laying out defensive
lines about him and in his rear. His position at Dalton was
fortified until it was believed to be impregnable.
Sherman, on his part, was even more industrious in preparing
for the approaching movement. He hurried back the large num-
ber of men who were absent on veteran leave, and ordered from
Banks the return of two infantry divisions that had been loaned
h.im. He also requested such changes in the commanders and
organization of his corps as have already been noted. His most
serious problem was that of supplies. At Chattanooga he was
already three hundred miles away from Louisville, and one hun-
dred and thirty-six miles from Nashville, and was dependent on
a single track railroad from these depots for everything. He
*From Manassas to Afpomattox, p. loo.
Soldiers True .201
proposed to move south on a prolonged march, and it was abso-
hitely necessary that a vast surphis of stores and ammunition
should be accumulated at Chattanooga. Plis railroad was ex-
posed to continual attacks from guerrillas, and its equipment
was already taxed to its utmost to meet the daily needs of his
concentrated arm}-, and tlie large number of destitute citizens
that Thomas had been feeding. The general sought to ease the
burden of the road by ordering that nothing but army supplies
should be transported, and that all returning troops should march
and all beef cattle should be driven on foot to the front. Still he
could not accumulate enough supplies. He called into counsel
his chief quartermaster and commissary, and found that there
were only sixty locomotives and about six hundred cars in serv-
ive. He ordered these officers to deliver at Chattanooga double
the amount of freight that was then coming in, or not less than
one hundred and thirty car loads of ten tons each, daily. They
replied that it would require one lumdred engines and one thou-
sand cars to do this, and he promptly ordered them to hold all
the locomotives and cars that were forwarded from Louisville
until sufficient transportation was in hand. This arbitrary action
brought a strong protest from the president of the Louisville
and Nashville road, but Sherman replied that he had acted under
militarv necessity in a great national crisis, and, after appealing
t(> the railroad man's patriotism, suggested that he should tem-
porarily make the losses goo'tl by holding a corresponding quan-
tity of equipment from connecting roads. Mr. Guthrie saw the
point, and his shortage in engines and cars was made up from
those of all the roads that converged at Louisville. The result
was that engines and rolling stock belonging to the Baltimore
and Ohio, the Delaware, Lackawanna, and Western, and other
railroads were seen all along Sherman's line of communications,
but the problem of supplying bis army was solved.
Another important need was to relieve the army of all un-
necessary impedimenta. At the beginning of the war a single
regiment never took the field with less than ten wagons, and
202 Soldiers True
sometimes it had many more than that number. Sherman issued
an order that only one wagon and one ambulance would be al-
lowed to each regiment, that every officer and soldier must carry
on his horse or his person five days' rations, and that the officers
of a company could have but one pack horse or mule between
them. The supply and ammunition trains were cut down to the
last possibility. Tents were forbidden to all except for hospitals
and offices for general officers. Regimental and higher head-
quarters were permitted only a wall tent fly. and Sherman him-
self had nothing better during the whole campaign. As a conse-
quence the general affirmed that no great army ever went into
the field in such light marching order. At the same time it never
seriously suffered for the want of necessary supplies. It was
the most mobile army of the civil war.
General Grant had designated May 5. 1864. as the date on
which the great concerted movement of the armies in the east
and west should begin, and on that very day the Army of the
Potomac crossed the Rapidan in Lee's front, in \'irginia. on its
bloody but victorious march, and Sherman put his troops in mo-
tion against Johnston, in northern Georgia. Thomas was in the
center at Ringgold, his line extending from Leet's farm to Ca-
toosa, McPherson was coming down on the right toward Gor-
don's ^Mill, and Schofield. on the left, was at Catoosa Springs.
Gear\*s division, under the new corps organization, consisted
of seven thousand six hundred men. in three brigades, under
Colonels Candy. Buschbeck Tlate of the Eleventh Corps), and
Ireland. The latter TThird) brigade contained the Twenty-ninth
and One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania, and the Sixtieth.
Seventy-eighth, One Hundred and Second, One Hundred and
Thirty-second, and One Hundred and Forty-ninth Xew York
Regiments. Knap's Pennsylvania and Wheeler's ("afterward Bun-
dv's) Xew York Batteries were also attached to the division.
This command had marched on May 3 from Bridgeport, via
Shell Mound and Whitesides. into Chattanooga valley and
thence by Rossville to Post Oak Church, four miles from Ring-
Soldiers True 203
i4(jl(l, where it bivuuackctl on llic night of May 5. On the morn-
ing of the 6th it niarehed to i'ea \'ine Cliureh, arriving there at
noon, and the next day it crossed to Taylor's Ridge, the Third
Brigade being detached to support Kilpatrick in his advance upon
X'illanow, to the southwest of Dalton.
'Jlie railroad along which Sherman's advance was to be made
ran southeast to Dalton and then south to Resaca and Calhoun.
The country was broken and mountainous. Three formidable
ridges were in his front, all carefully fortified and strongly de-
fended. The first of these was Tunnel Hill, which the railway
pierced ; the second was Rocky Face, a steep, precipitous hill, gul-
lied with ravines and crowned with palisades, through which the
railroad wound by a ga]) known as Buzzard's Roost; and the
third was the high eminence before a gap at which Dalton was
situated. Johnston's army was posted on the last of these
heights, and his advance held the first. Thomas and Schofield
were ordered to advance directly upon Tunnel Hill, and McPher-
son was sent down the right to threaten Resaca at a point known
as Snake Creek Gap, in the enemy's rear. At daylight on May 7
Thomas was in motion, Howard on the left, Palmer in the cen-
ter, and Hooker on the right, advancing by Nickajack Gap and
Trikum. The hill was occupied without serious resistance, and
from it Rocky Face with its defenses, and Buzzard's Roost,
through which Mill Creek had been dammed, were plainly to be
seen. The next morning Howard gained and held the crest of
Buzzard's Roost, and Geary's First and Second Brigades scaled
the sides of Rocky Face at Bal)b's Gap. The latter charged up on
l)()th sides of the Dalton road under a severe fire, until near the
crest, where he was met, as he had been at Lookout Mountain,
with a shower of stones, as well as lead, from the palisades. His
advance forced its way into a series of crevasses that were found
at intervals in the wall of rock, and a hand-to-hand encounter
ensued, but it was impossible for the line to reach the top. Four
of his regiments gained the summit a half mile farther on, but
the enemy was too strong and the detachment was withdrawn.
204 Soldiers True
At ten o'clock that night the third brigade joined the division,
having countermarched from Mllanow.
These operations had so completely covered McPherson's flatik
movement that Johnston had not even suspected it. Sherman's
plan was to put the Army of the Tennessee directly across the
enemy's rear while the remainder of the Union troops pressed
his front, and so force him either to overwhelming defeat or sur-
render, in battle; or to a scarcely less disastrous retreat toward
the east, over a territory in which his forces could have been
scattered and perhaps captured. ]\IcPherson passed through
Snake Creek Gap, between Dalton and Resaca, on the 9th and
loth. meeting only a cavalry brigade, and could have taken Re-
saca with ease and established himself in rear of Johnston, but
he overestimated its strength, and halted and intrenched three
miles beyond Snake Creek Gap, in Sugar valley. Knowing that
this would force Johnston to evacuate his works at Dalton, Sher-
man ordered Hooker into close support of McPherson, and all
the army, except the Fourth Corps and Stoneman's cavalry,
through Snake Creek Gap. Johnston quickly retreated to his de-
fenses at Resaca, and on the 14th the Union army had him hemmed
there on all sides. Howard passed through Dalton on the 13th
and pursued the retiring enemy toward Resaca. The same day
Geary marched from the eastern end of Snake Creek Gap to
within two and a half miles of the town, and went into line on
the left of the Dalton and Rome road and intrenched. On the
14th Williams's division and Geary's First and Third Brigades
of the Twentieth Corps were marched behind the lines to the
extreme left of the army, where the Third Brigade after dark
was refused to the rear covering the Dalton road. During the
night the Second Brigade arrived, and all threw up works.
Goddard's cavalry was sent down the Oostenaula River with
orders to break the railroad below Calhoun.
The next day, May 15, occurred the battle of Resaca. The
enemy was posted on high, rugged hills which were scientifically
fortified, and which fully defended the town and the river. At
StM. DUCKS 'PRUli
205
daylight the entire Union Hne was advanced against these
heights, and all day the roar of l)attle was continuous. By eleven
o'clock Butterfield, supported by Geary and Williams, had carried
a series of hills on the eastern road leading from Tilton to Re-
saca, and had driven the enemy one and a half miles, crowding
his right in toward his center. Later in the day McPherson, on
Sherman's right, threw his whole line vigorously forward and
captured the heights overlooking the town and commanding
Captain James M. Wells
the railroad bridge across the Oostenaula in its rear. Several
sorties were made to dislodge hmi, and the fighting was deter-
mined during the afternoon and evening on both sides, but in
each instance the enemy was repulsed and McPherson held his
ground securely. On the other end of the line Hooker's battle
continued until midnight. An hour before noon Geary had
moved in three fourths of a mile to the right on the enemy's re-
tiring line, and formed columns of regiments in mass for attack,
Ireland's brigade in advance. As the division moved forward its
line contracted and crowded out Companies K, G, and B, of the
2o6 Soldiers True
One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment. By direction of General
Geary, and under command of Lieutenant Colonel Walker, these
companies advanced alone to the crest of one of the hills, where
they lay upon their arms in front of the enemy's works under
sharpshooters' fire, remaining there during the day. At four
o'clock Lieutenant Colonel Walker rejoined the brigade, and
relieved Colonel Cobham of the command of the regiment when
the latter relieved Ireland, who was wounded.
In the immediate front was an irregular series of hills —
wooded, rocky, and seamed by ravines — through which a road
passed in toward the town. Ireland's brigade charged across a
ravine and under a fire of shells and bullets, rushed the first hill,
and scaled a second. On the crest of this height was a battery
of twelve-pound X'apoleon guns, that were served with great
effect on the advancing line. The battery was in a sunken
epaulement open to the rear, and was supported by a heavy in-
fantry line. It commanded Ireland's whole right front and de-
fended the key of the enemy's position at that point. With
defiant cheers the brave Third Brigade, wheeling to the right,
leaped upward toward this battery. Part of Butterfield's divi-
sion, on its right, dashed forward at the same moment to capture
it. Cobham was in command, and at his back the One Hundred
and Eleventh Regiment plunged through the terrific fire of the
battery and its supports until they were among its guns and their
colors were on the ramparts. The gunners were captured or
driven ofT, but before the battery could be secured a line of in-
fantry rose out of breastworks only twenty yards away and
poured a withering fire into the line that was fighting hand to
hand in the epaulement. Cobham, with the cool judgment that
always characterized him, saw that his small force was over-
whelmed, and withdrew it, with other parts of the brigade, a
few yards below to a partly protected position, from which point
he perfectly commanded and silenced the battery. Here three
other regiments were placed in his command, and, Butterfield
having been relieved, still others were given him until he had in
Soldiers True 207
all ten rcgiincuts, or one half of the division, under the mouths
of those guns.
At five o'clock Stevenson's division of the enemy debouched
on the left, in an effort to flank Cobham, but after a half hour's
spirited fighting was repulsed in confusion. At dusk Cobham
reported to Geary that he would dig the battery out after dark,
and was furnished with tools and drag ropes. As soon as night
had fallen a strong detachment of his determined men crept
silently under the little fort and began removing the earth, logs,
and stones of which it was constructed. Their work was over-
heard by the vigilant enemy, and a sharp engagement followed,
which lighted up the whole crest of the hill ; but while their com-
rades fought, these sappers and miners continued their work, and
near midnight, when all was ready, a sudden dash was made, the
drag ropes were made fast, and with a burst of cheers and laugh-
ter the four guns were sent trundling down the hill to the rear of
the Union lines. This gallant and unique achievement ended the
battle of Resaca. It ought to have secured for Colonel Cobham a
brigadier general's star. It did secure for him and his fearless
and persistent men the unstinted praise of his commanding
general.
The casualties in the regiment numbered thirty.* Among
them. Captain Charles Woeltge, of Company I, a most gallant
and efficient officer, was killed, and Captain James M. Wells,
of Company F, one of the most capable and trustworthy line offi-
cers of the command, was wounded. Of Captain Woeltge, As-
sistant Adjutant General John P. Green, of the brigade staff,
*Company A — Killed: Private Milo Gross. Wounded : Private Southard J. Deeming.
Company C — li'ounded : Corporal William H. Joslin. Company D — Killed: Private
George Peters. Wounded : Corporal Eugene Cliase, Privates Abram Egelston, Joseph
Kay. Company E — Killed: Private James McMahan. JVounded : Private Josiah
Gehr, Washington S. Hawley, James O'Connell, Alpheus J. Davis, and two others.
Company F — IVounded : Captain James M. Wells, Sergeant William H. Dumond, Cor-
poral Charles P. Lewis, Private Charles Foehl, William W. Thompson. Company
U— IVounded: Privates Peter Hermann, Charles A. Harrington, Sherman Terrill.
Company I — Killed: Captain Charles W^oeltge. IVounded : First Sergeant Gideon
Woodring, Corporal Joseph Schreckengost, Private William J. Morris. Missing from
regiment: Two men. Other casualties not reported by name.
14
208
Soldiers True
wrote : "In the gallant advance made by the One Hundred and
Eleventh Pennsylvania Volunteers to the very teeth of the fort,
from which grape and canister were being hurled upon our ad-
vancing columns, Captain Charles Woeltge, while leading his
company, and with his hands almost on the enemy's guns, was
shot dead. Never did the service lose a better or a braver offi-
cer, or one more devoted to the cause that will ever consecrate
his memory. All who knew him will testify to the faithful man-
Captain Charles Woeltge
ner in which he discharged every duty that devolved upon him in
the camp, and to the intrepid gallantry that marked his conduct
in the field. In the memorable assault on Lookout Mountain,
and in the deadly midnight conflict at Wauhatchie, that relieved
our Chattanooga army from grave peril, he was conspicuous
for coolness and courage, and on this last day, when he gave his
life for his country, he was in advance of the line of battle and
encouraging his men to follow." A private of Company E,
Alpheus J. Davis, arrived on the field, but before he could fire
a single shot lost his right hand, and was wounded in the left
Soldiers True 209
liand and the righl hip, and was honorahly discharged fur these
injnries, December 26, 18C4.
The losses in the division aggregated two hundred and sixty-
six. The enemy evacuated Resaca that night and retired to an-
other strong line of defense below Kingston and near Cassville.
The Oostenaula River and its tributaries were now in Sherman's
front, but his pontoon and engineer corps were in perfect condi-
tion, and streams, however wide and deep, could not delay him.
On the morning of the 16th he sent Jefferson C. Davis's division
down the valley on his right in support of Garrard's cavalry, and
ordered the whole army forward in hot pursuit. McPherson
crossed the Oostenaula on pontoons at Lay's Ferry. Thomas
passed the most of his command over on a hastily constructed
temporary bridge at Resaca, extinguishing the fire which the
enemy had ignited at the railroad bridge, and Hooker and Scho-
field crossed eastward above Echota. Part of Geary's division,
including the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment, forded the
river at noon, in three feet of water, and passed through the clear
and beautiful Coosawattee, a stream one hundred yards in width,
in the same way, at McClure's Ford, about six o'clock in the
evening. In these three columns the army pressed rapidly for-
ward beyond Calhoun toward Kingston. Near Adairsville
Thomas, who was in the center, encountered the enemy's rear
guard in line, having skirmished with it nearly the whole way
from Calhoun. In the morning it was gone, and Davis's division
occupied Rome, on the extreme right, capturing a large quantity
of stores.
Howard and Palmer pushed on toward Kingston, and Hooker
and Schofield on the left marched southeast to the vicinity of
Cassville. On Sunday morning, May 19, Kingston was occupied
by Howard. That day Geary marched through forests and ra-
vines over what is known as Gravelly Plateau, skirmishing from
three o'clock in the afternoon until long after dark, wdien he
finally bivouacked one half mile from Cassville. The Etowah
River touches Kingston on the south, and from this point to
2IO Soldiers True
Cassville the railroad runs east. Cassville was prepared for
defense, and Johnston fully intended to offer decisive battle there.
Sherman rapidly concentrated his army about that place, but
found on the next morning that the enemy had disappeared. He
was greatly surprised, for he had seen Johnston's address to his
troops stating that they would retreat no further, and his per-
sonal inspection of the field had convinced him that a determined
stand was to be made on that ground. The mystery was not
revealed until eighteen months later, when the commanders of
these armies met on a Mississippi River steamboat. Johnston then
explained that he had completed all his dispositions for battle on
that Sunday, but on Saturday evening Generals Hood and
Polk had positively advised him against a general engagement,
declaring that their lines were enfiladed by the Union artillery
and that they feared they could not hold their men on the ground
assigned to them. This lack of spirit, where he least expected it,
disgusted and angered Johnston, who charged his subordinates
with being in collusion, and then and there resolved to fall back
beyond the Etowah River and the Allatoona Mountains.
When he found the enemy gone Sherman decided to remain
about Cassville for a few days to rest his army, repair the rail-
road, and bring up supplies. He had a force of two thousand
men, under Colonel W. W. Wright, an efficient civil engineer,
whose business it was to keep the railroad in working order, and
they were so prompt and skillful, and so thoroughly equipped,
that when the proposition was made by the enemy to destroy the
Allatoona tunnel one man replied, "It's no use. Old Sherman
carries extra tunnels with him!" Four days after the army
reached Cassville Colonel Wright had supplies coming into
Kingston, and Resaca had become Sherman's depot. Twenty
davs' rations and forage were in hand at the front, and the army
was as fit as it had been at the beginning of the campaign.
Allatoona Pass, through which the railroad ran, was practically
impregnable, and the Union commander determined to turn the
enemv's lines on the mountains at that point, by a flanking march
SoLDiiiks True 21 1
to the right, via Dallas, a small town on Pumpkin Vine Creek,
south of the range, whence numerous roads diverged, and whose
possession would threaten the important town of Marietta and
the country beyond it approaching Atlanta. As usual, he set out
in three columns, Hooker in advance on the right toward Dallas,
which lay some distance off the railroad, Thomas in the center,
ind Schofield on the left rear. He had no field telegraph sys-
tem, as Grant had in Virginia, but kept well in touch with all
parts of the army by couriers. The Etowah was crossed on the
23d at several convenient points, Geary passing it on pontoons
near Milam's bridge, and fording Euharlee Creek later on the
same day. At daylight the next morning the Twentieth Corps
divided, Butterfield and Williams proceeding through Stilesboro
toward Burnt Hickory, and Geary crossing Raccoon Creek and
moving toward Allatoona through a deep ravine and up a spur
of the Allatoona range, all converging upon Dallas. The bridge
across Pumpkin \'ine Creek at Owen's Mill was found to be on
fire on the morning of the 25th, and guarded by a cavalry force
which Hooker's mounted escort drove off. Geary, leading the
corps, pursued this force on a road extending east toward ]\Tari-
etta until he neared New Hope Methodist Church, four miles
from Dallas, where the enemy's infantry was found in great
strength. He had been skirmishing steadily for four hours, and
was five miles in advance of the supporting troops.
Near the Hawkins house the skirmishing became heavier, and
the enemy charged the advancing line. Candy was deployed in
double time, supported by the other two brigades, and halted
the enemy. Shortly he began to give way, and Geary's whole
line advanced a half mile, capturing and holding a wooded ridge,
over which the fighting continued. By five o'clock the other
divisions were up and came at once into action. Hood was on
their front and a savage battle opened, in which one of the gen-
eral officers present declared that the fire of artillery and infantry
was the heaviest of the campaign. During the afternoon the One
Hundred and Eleventh Regiment had opened communication with
212 Soldiers True
Williams, and returned before the opening of the battle. Cob-
ham's and Candy's brigades were hurried forward through a
thick woods and engaged the enemy at short range in furious
fire which was not slackened until after dark. Ground was
steadily gained until the command finally halted close under the
hostile guns and the enemy's intrenched line near New Hope
Church. A terrific rain with violent electrical displays burst over
the contending lines in the evening, and dispositions were made
and works were built amid flashes of blinding lightning.
The night was one of ceaseless activity, and with daylight the
nearest of the opposing lines were discovered to be only eighty
yards away. Sharpshooters were posted against the Union lines
in every available spot, and for a time interfered with the service
of the artillery. Firing continued throughout the day. At noon
Stanley, of the Fourth Corps, relieved Candy, and Geary's divi-
sion was more strongly intrenched on the right of the woods.
For twenty-four hours it had been actively engaged without
opportunity to cook a meal or boil a cup of coffee. During the
five ensuing days the command held this position, skirmishing
or fighting without an hour of relief. The lines were so close
that to expose a head was to invite a shot. From May 25 until
June I, for eight consecutive days, there had been no cessation
of the fighting. The casualties in the division at New Hope
Church (or Dallas, as it is sometimes called), were five hundred
and nine. The regimental loss was one officer, Captain Martellus
H. Todd, of Company A, and eight men killed; one officer. First
Lieutenant Andrew M. Tracy, and forty men wounded, and three
men missing, an aggregate of fifty-three men good and true.*
*Conipany A — Killed: Captain Martellus II. Todd, Privates Hezekiah Makin,
Chauncey H. Preble. IVottndcd: Privates Seth J. Hall (died June i), James R. Ray-
mond (died at Nashville, September 12, 1864), William H. Walling. Company B —
Killed: Sergeant Walker H. Hogue, Privates J. R. Broughton, Jr., George Smith.
Wounded: Privates William F. Blanchard, Orrin Sweet. Company C — Killed: Cor-
poral C. D. Williams. Wounded: Privates Richard L. Maynard, John Norman,
Squire M. Shuart, Stillman Vining, Jacob Yeagla. Company D — Wounded: Corporal
Matthias Arnold, Privates James Donaldson, Isaac Howard, Alexander Morton, Mat-
thias Stonaker, (jeorge C. Siggins (died at Chattanooga, June 27), Joseph R. White.
Company E — Killed: Private Philip Quigley. Wounded: First Sergeant H. C. Fin-
Soldiers True
213
Johnston's whole army was before us, and Thomas and Scho-
field were busy extending the line to the left. McPherson on
the right was fighting vigorously and deploying constantly to
overlap the enemy's left. The front was six miles in length and
the heavily intrenched armies kept spitefully firing from the
])icket lines and from behind the works, day and night for an
entire week. Sorties were frequent on both sides, but none of
them were decisive. Heavv rains, and in one instance hail, made
Captain Martellus H. Todd
the ground soft and soggy and the streams full, and affected the
health of many of the men. As the line lengthened eastward
toward the railroad at Ack worth Geary's position was shifted
to the left until he occupied a thickly wooded hill in support of
ney, Privates James Allen, Joiin B. Eden, Henry Slioup (died at Kingston, June 26).
Company V — Killed: Private Penncl Cliapin. Wounded: First Lieutenant Andrew
M. Tracy, Sergeant David Martz, Privates Eli Austin, Charles Curtis (died June 11),
Sanford Drake, Ebenezer Hardy, James H. Messenger, John Morrissey, Ralph Mor-
ton. Company G — Wounded : Privates Orlando Crozier, Henry R. Runyan. Company
H — Wounded : Corporal Joseph H. Wolf, Private William C. Harriger. Company I —
Wounded: Corporal George Foreman, Privates Rufus A. Allen, Byron Connor, John
Hildebrand, Frank Janzer, George Lentz.
214 Soldiers True
the Twenty-third Corps. On June 3 the Third Brigade was de-
tached and moved to AUatoona bridge, on the Ackworth road,
to guard it and the adjacent ford. It repaired the bridge and
remained until the 5th. By this time Sherman's left had gained
control of all the roads leading down from AUatoona, and was in
possession of the southern slope of the range. His flank move-
ment had wrested from the enemy that strong position. He sent
Stoneman and Garrard to hold AUatoona. Johnston fell back
to Kenesaw, Pine, and Lost Mountains, and the Union army was
again placed on the railroad, with its advance at Big Shanty Sta-
tion, and its depot in the last great pass of the north Georgia
mountains.
Within a month Sherman had advanced nearly one hundred
miles into the enemy's territory, through what he declares to be
"as difficult a country as was ever fought over by civilized
armies." He had assaulted fortified mountains and crossed deep
and rapid rivers. He had captured four strongholds. His men
had been in line continually, and had been under fire day and
night, living without shelter in sun and rain, and subsisting
solely on the field ration. They were elated with their triumphs,
and were toughened to the last degree. Their faces were like
leather and their nerves were like steel. There was not a super-
fluous ounce of human flesh in the whole army. It had become
capable of unlimited fatigue, and had grown unmindful of the
sound of shot and shell. Nine thousand three hundred men had
fallen thus far in battle in the three armies, more than one third of
whom were from the Twentieth Army Corps, but this loss was
almost exactly compensated by the arrival of Blair's two divi-
sions, which reported on June 8, and comprised the Seventeenth
Corps. So that, as Sherman faced southward from Ackworth at
the beginning of June, he had in line substantially the same num-
ber of men with which he began his campaign, less those who
were absent sick. Johnston's losses for the same period were
estimated to have been more than eight thousand six hundred
men, and his army had been handled with notable skill. His
Soldiers True 215
steady retreat had, however, provoked bitter criticism in the
South. The Confederacy was alarmed to see this great northern
army marching persistently into its interior, and the authorities
were frantic against the commander who was vainly seeking to
resist its progress. But the press endeavored to console the peo-
ple with the theory that Johnston's retrograde movements were
purely strategic, their purpose being to lure the unwary Sherman
forward to destruction.
2i6 Soldiers True
CHAPTER XII
The Atlanta Campaign — Continued
PINE KNOB. KENESAW. — PEACH TREE CREEK. — THE SIEGE AND
CAPTURE OF ATLANTA
OX June lo Sherman's whole army was advanced six miles
beyond Ackworth to Big Shanty, and took position in an
irregular line, ten miles in length in front and on the west
of Kenesaw Mountain. McPherson had been moved to the left
of the line and girdled the northern base of the mountain along
the railroad, Thomas held the center facing Pine Knob, and
Schofield was refused obtusely to the right before Lost j\Iountain.
These three prominent peaks were west of the town of Marietta,
and were connected by elevated ground. Pine Knob was the
central but lowest height of the three, and extended somewhat
north of the others. Johnston's line held these points and curved
backward from this Knob toward his flanks on the other two
cones. It was a magnificent defensive position, and from it the
Union line was visible along its entire length. Kenesaw Moun-
tain, the highest peak, was fortified from base to crest, and bat-
teries were strongly posted on it and along the whole front.
Wright had promptly repaired the railroad to Big Shanty, and
trains were delivered just behind McPherson's firing line. The
audacity of the train crews was exemplified daily. They ran
fearlessly through bands of guerillas along the road, and were
almost as much exposed as the men in the trenches. When the
first train arrived at Big Shanty the engineer detached his loco-
motive and ran it forward to a water tank within range of the
enemy's batteries on Kenesaw, which opened upon him as he
filled his tender. The brave engineer was not disturbed, but
coolly took the water and returned to the station, whistling de-
fiance from his engine and receiving the applause of the troops.
Soldiers True 217
The weather continued bad, and roads had to be made through
the soggy soil for the supply wagons all along the line. By this
time the art of intrenchment had been fully mastered, and in-
fantry works and artillery defenses could be thrown up in an
incredibly short time. The lines at this point, for the whole ten
miles, were protected by trenches from ten to fifteen feet thick,
breast high, and surmounted with head-logs under which the
firing was done, and defended in front, wherever it was neces-
sary, by slashings and abatis. Batteries were in position on the
line at every available spot. In these narrow, muddy trenches
the men lived, cooking as they could, and carrying their water
from the rear at night. In front of them, sometimes only by a
few yards where the opposing lines converged, the picket pits
were sunken in the ground and covered by rocks or logs, in
which the outposts watched and fought by day and night, and
from which they were relieved with constant danger, and often
by death. In places the lines were so close that the men on
either side were kept invisible, and moved about only by crouch-
ing or crawling. Bullets whistled over the head-logs, and shells
sometimes sent them in splinters among the men, or exploded in
the embankments beneath them, covering them with earth, and
often with blood. Ofiicers and men were on the alert day and
night, and the slightest movement on either side provoked a roll
of musketry. Sharpshooters were busy, and the mud-splashed
soldiers were wrought up to the highest nervous tension.
Geary's line was moved on the 13th from a crossroad near
Big Shanty two and one half miles toward Johnston's advanced
position on Pine Knob. This hill was strongly intrenched from
the crest halfway down its front, and was not more than six or
eight hundred yards distant. On June 14 the day was clear, and
a brisk skirmish was in progress between the opposing forces on
this part of the line. General Sherman happened, in making a
tour of the lines, to halt and watch the skirmish. He noticed,
through his glass, a group of the enemy at a clear spot on the
crest of Pine Knob, who were apparently officers also observing
2i8 Soldiers True
the fighting. He directed one of Howard's batteries and one of
Geary's to open upon them. The second of these batteries was
McGill's, and one of his first shots exploded in the midst of the
group of observers on the mountain and instantly killed Lieuten-
ant General Leonidas Polk, one of Johnston's corps commanders.
Johnston, Hardee, and Polk, with their attendants, were all
standing together, and saw the preparations of the battery to fire.
The two former stepped quickly out of range, but General Polk,
who was a portly man of fifty-eight years, remained and was
eviscerated by the shell. He was the Protestant Episcopal Bishop
of Louisiana, but being a West Point graduate of the class of
1827, and a North Carolinian by birth, he entered the Southern
service as a major general in 1861, and fought at Belmont,
Shiloh, Perryville, Stone River, and Chickamauga. The shot
that instantly killed him was a remarkable illustration of the accu-
racy of our artillery practice, and as Johnston's signal service
code had been deciphered by Sherman's officers his death was
almost immediately known to our army. General Polk was de-
scended from the same ancestry as ex-President James K. Polk.
On the night of June 14 the enemy's advanced center was
withdrawn from Pine Knob. The Fourth and Tw^entieth Corps
were advanced on the following morning, and Stanley's division
occupied the Knob and reversed the works upon its summit.
Sherman, accompanied by a half dozen other general officers,
galloped to the crest, and discovered that Johnston had drawn in
his center in order to contract and strengthen his position about
Kenesaw. The movement was covered by artillery, and our
advancing troops on the left of the hill were pushing their way
through a sharp fire. Geary's division was ordered forward on
the right of the Knob toward the southeast and gained one mile,
crossing two streams, and securing a position in a woods near
the abandoned hill. Here, just after noon, he formed line for a
further advance, Ireland on the right, Jones in the center, and
Candy on the left, connecting with the Fourth Corps. No con-
nection was had on the right until after two o'clock, when Butter-
Soldiers True 219
licld's line was i'uunel. The One Hundred and lilevenLli Regi-
ment covered the right of the hnc, deployed as skirmishers, and
in this order the command was ordered to attack. The ground
in its front was broken into a succession of steep ridges and
ravines, on which the enemy was posted with artillery, and upon
these lines Geary's brigades charged with great fury. They
captured the first ridge with a momentum that could not be
checked, and withovit a halt drove the enemy over a second ele-
vation to the crest that connected Kenesaw and Lost Mountains,
on which Johnston's main line was intrenched. Here the enemy's
works were protected by abatis and chevaux-dc-frisc, and were
supported by three batteries and a semicircular infantry trench
that was as strong as a fort ; but, fighting desperately, the charg-
ing troops made their way into the entanglements and to within
fifty yards of the guns, some of which they silenced, and they
firmly held their ground until darkness ended the struggle. They
had gained two miles in the face of the enemy, and intrenched
their position so near him that the sound of an ax was the signal
for a volley, and later in the night voices could be heard from
one line to the other. Connections were made on both flanks, and
Ireland's brigade, which was found to be thrust into the semi-
circular line, was withdrawn one hundred and fifty yards to
securer front.
The honor of discovering the enemy's dangerous line, and
correcting Geary's position before it, is due to Sergeant John L.
Wells, of Company F. of the One Hundred and Eleventh Regi-
ment. In the darkness he personally and alone reconnoitered the
whole front, and found that the strong infantry line was pro-
tected by the three batteries before mentioned, two of which on
the flanks completely enfiladed Geary. He reported the facts to
the regimental commander, who at once sent him with this in-
formation to division headquarters. General Geary was so im-
pressed with the importance of this timely intelligence and with
the military spirit of Sergeant Wells that he then and there
promised him a commission within thirty days. The intrepid
220
Soldiers True
sergeant was, however, captured a few weeks later at Peach Tree
Creek, and he heard no more of his promised promotion until
1869, when General Geary, as governor of Pennsylvania, remem-
bered his pledge, and together with an appreciative letter sent to
Sergeant Wells a commission as brevet lieutenant colonel, "for
gallant and meritorious service in June, 1864, near Lost Moun-
tain, Georgia."
Lieutenant John L. Wells
The casualties in the division for the day were five hundred
and nineteen, and in the regiment fourteen.*
Probably the most sudden fate that ever met a recruit in the
whole civil war befell Private Frederick Lamer, of Company D,
that evening about dusk. This man, with several others, had
been forwarded to the regiment under an officer, and all were
*Company A — Wounded : Private Joseph Ermin. Company B — Wounded : Cor-
poral James Dolan, Privates Frederick Miller (died at Louisville, August 6), Bruno
Zimmerman. Company C — Killed: Private James Aird. Wounded: Privates George
W. Day, Frederick Meschler. Company D — Killed: Private Frederick Lamer. Wounded :
Private Reuben Morse, John Myers (died at Chattanooga, June 27). Company E —
Wounded: Corporal Frederick W'hite, Private Richard Kline. Company G — Wounded:
Private John M. Ellis. Company H — Wounded: Corporal George D. Thompson.
Company I — Killed: Private Lorenz Moyer.
Soldiers True 221
assigned to Captain iVlexancler's company. The battalion was in
line, and Lamer, being weary with his march from the railroad,
sat down upon a stone to rest. Captain Alexander, with his foot
upon the same stone, undertook to receipt for these recruits, but
before he could write his name a minie ball from the enemy's line
struck Lamer in the head, killing him instantly. He was dead
within a few seconds of the time when he first appeared. On his
person, among other money, were found fifteen dollars in gold,
liefore Captain Alexander could turn it over to the proper officer
ten dollars of it were lost, and in due time the captain paid twenty-
six dollars and eighty cents for another gold eagle to replace it.
That high premium represented the value of gold in June, 1864.
Among the captures of the day was the Fourteenth Alabama
Regiment, which surrendered entire, three hundred and twenty
strong, to one of McPherson's brigades.
These successes compelled the enemy to evacuate Lost Moun-
tain, and on the 17th Sherman's right was still farther advanced
toward the south until it threatened the railroad below Mari-
etta, while the left about Kenesaw was also strengthened to
permit the elongation of Thomas's and Schofield's lines. The
Twentieth Corps moved promptly out on that day, Geary in the
center, and occupied the enemy's deserted works. Geary threw
out his skirmishers a mile beyond these, and encountered
vedettes in a large open field. At ten o'clock, in a drenching rain,
the whole corps advanced, Ireland and Jones in Geary's front,
through the fields and a dense woods, to Darby's farm on the
Marietta and Dallas road at Muddy Creek. Across the narrow
valley and just beyond this stream the enemy was found awaiting
us in his trenches, which were strongly defended by infantry and
artillery, and which occupied an abrupt and prolonged hill.
Rising from the valley, near Darby's house, were two unwooded
knolls, one of them about four hundred yards from the enemy's
works. On the first of these McGill's battery took position, and
Ireland's brigade was directed to charge and hold the second.
His line double-quicked across the field under a sharp fire, and
222 Soldiers True
secured the knoll. Bundy's battery galloped after him, and his
guns were unlimbered and dragged up the hill by hand, the
pioneer corps quickly protecting them by an improvised lunette.
McGill moved nearer and poured in an effective cross-fire, and
Jones came to Ireland's support. The fighting raged fiercely in
the falling rain, sharpshooters perched in tree tops were picked
off, the enemy's infantry were kept down in their works by
Geary's fire, and the batteries soon dismounted two guns and
silenced the others. The line was supported by the other divi-
sions, and that night was fully intrenched. Rain continued to
fall all the next day, and the muddy condition of the trenches
rendered the troops miserable. The skirmish pits were filled with
water, and man}- of their occupants were seized with cramps.
]Muddy Creek overflowed, and the line was practically flooded.
The regiment lost three men killed and five wounded.* Through-
out that day the position was held under a continuous artillery
and infantry fire, and was known to us as Gulp's Farm.
On the morning of June 19 signs of evacuation were noticed,
and at two o'clock Geary sent skirmishers across Muddy Creek
and found the enemy's trenches empty. At seven o'clock the
entire command advanced by the Marietta and Dallas road to
Noyes Creek, where it built a bridge and crossed. Less than one
mile farther on the enemy was found in another intrenched line,
which was felt by our artillery and infantr}'. Works were built,
the troops and batteries posted and skirmishing was continued
in the rain throughout the afternoon and night. Butterfield and
Williams arrived that evening and the First and Third of Geary's
brigades were relieved by a division of the Fourth Corps, and
took position in Butterfield's rear. On the 21st the Second and
Third Brigades were posted on the right of the First, and the
One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania and One Hundred and
Thirty-seventh Xew York were sent out under Colonel Cobham
*Company B — Killed: Privates Joseph B. Nobles, James Sidmore. Wounded: Cor-
poral Henry W. Elsworth, Private Thomas Arters. Company C — Killed: Private
Jacob Giger. Wounded: Private Lewis N. Moon. Company G — Wounded: Private
Theodore Eimers. Company K — Wounded: Private Ishmael McMullen.
Soldiers True 223
to reconnoiter the Marietta and Powder Springs road. They en-
countered a strong skirmish Hne three fourths of a mile down the
road at Grier's plantation, and engaged and pressed it back one
fourth of a mile in an action that continued throughout the day.
In this skirmish the regiment lost one officer, First Lieutenant
John J. Haight, of Company B, wounded, and one man killed and
nine wounded.* At three o'clock the next morning Cobham, who
was already one mile in advance of the corps line, drove the
enemy from a high hill in his front, reversed the works and
fortified them, under a heavy artillery fire which did but little
damage. This hill was important, and the entire corps moved up
and connected with Cobham. In the artillery fire that accom-
panied this movement Captain Wheeler, of the Thirteenth New
York Battery, was killed. Here on June 24 Private John Maurer,
of Company A, was wounded. This position, which was within
three miles of Marietta, was maintained by the corps until the
morning of June 27, it being the extreme right of the Army of
the Cumberland. Rain had continued for nineteen days, and the
movement of trains and artillery had become almost impossible.
McPherson was still occupying his massive trenches on the
left, and these movements on the right had pressed Johnston
back until his lines had become an acute angle with Kenesaw
Mountain as its apex. The whole country was lined with forti-
fications. Slaves had been utilized to build trenches all along
Johnston's line of retreat, and Sherman described the territory
marched over as "one vast fort." He declared that the enemy
had at least fifty miles of connected intrenchments, and that al-
together "hundreds, if not thousands, of miles" of such works
had been erected by both armies thus far in the campaign. The
lines were in closest contact, and were, again, not less than ten
miles in length. Fighting was incessant, and if the sound of
'Company B. — Wounded: First Lieutenant John J. Haight. Company E — Killed:
Private Henry Orange. Wounded : First Sergeant Peter Schaeffer, Private Richard
Kline (died at Chattanooga, July 4). Company G — Wounded : Sergeant Ferdinand
Heintz, Private Ahab K. Strayer. Company I — Wounded: Private James Porter.
Company K — Wounded : Sergeant Thomas Zimmitt, Privates Luke Milward, Theodore
Schell.
15
224 Soldiers True
musketry or cannon had suddenly ceased for a few minutes the
men would have peered over the works in surprise.
By the 25th the work of extending the lines reached the limits
of prudence, and as Johnston gave no sign of relinquishing
Kenesaw Sherman determined upon a direct attack. The order
was for a general assault along the whole ten-mile front, and the
execution of no command during the entire campaign called for
sterner courage. The opposing lines were so close that they
were mostly within easy musket range, and the appearance of an
object above the trenches drew instant and dangerous fire.
Kenesaw was practically an impregnable fortress, defended by
line after line of the strongest works military art could devise,
and was powerfully manned by massed lines. And from it toward
Johnston's left, the crest of a connected elevation extended, lower
than the mountain itself, but high enough for effective defense,
which bristled with bayonets and frowned with batteries. The
order for assault reached the regiments at midnight of the 26th,
and required a simultaneous attack at eight o'clock on the morn-
ing of the 27th. The commanding general's plan was to find a
weak place by trying the enemy's shorter and interior line, split
it as with a wedge, and beat the dissevered parts in detail. At
the appointed hour he had stationed himself on a cleared eleva-
tion in rear of Thomas, and no general ever witnessed a more
inspiring sight. Along the whole curving sweep of the line the
men leaped over their works with cheers and under cover of
salvos of artillery. McPherson, with his fine Army of the Ten-
nessee— Sherman's favorite soldiers — dashed gallantly at the face
of Kenesaw, and into the teeth of Johnston's stronghold. They
fought their way, step by step, up its embattled sides, over lines
of outworks, but were met by a concentrated fire too deadly for
mortal men to withstand, and were unable to carry the summit.
From his front, at the base of the mountain, onward toward the
right, over the whole line of the Army of the Cumberland, and
still onward and around over that of the Army of the Ohio, the
shock of battle rolled in ceaseless and seemingly endless roar. In
Soldiers True 225
Geary's front was a cleared field, fringed at the farther side by
a strip of thick woods, and across this clearing, under a stagger-
ing fire, his intrepid men charged on a full run, and reaching the
timber they dropped upon the ground and delivered their fire
from the enemy's abandoned rifle pits — capturing those who could
not get away — the Third Brigade on the right, and the First Bri-
gade on the left. They pressed through the w^oods, McGill's
battery supporting them, but they could not discover the coveted
weak place in the enemy's main line. The best they could do
was to intrench, and connect with the Fourteenth Corps, which
came up on the left, and with Williams on the right across a
marsh. Here, on a much shortened front, they remained skirmish-
ing and continuing their artillery fire until the 29th.
Still farther on the right Schofield had advanced across Olley's
Creek, and approached Johnston's rear, and still beyond him
Stoneman's cavalry was threatening the railroad near Sweet-
water. But no place where a flying wedge could enter was found
in the enemy's line, and the order for a renewal of the assault on
the following day was not given. Sherman's loss in this attack
was about twenty-five hundred men, four fifths of whom w-ere
from the Army of the Cumberland. Strange to say, the regiment
lost but one man, Peter N. Stanford, of Company D, who was
shot through the head and instantly killed just after the belt of
woods was reached. He had previously been wounded at An-
tietam and Gettysburg. The next day, June 28, Sergeant George
H. Osgood, of Company K, was severely wounded while on
picket. A bullet crashed through his right knee, shattering the
joint, and compelling amputation at the thigh. He was removed
to the general hospital at Chattanooga, where he died on July 25.
Young Osgood was the only brother of the captain of Company
K, and a nephew of Joseph S. Hyde, a prominent and wealthy
citizen of Ridgway, Elk County. He was a good soldier, and his
death was lamented by many friends. He was only twenty years
of age.
On June 30 the division was relieved by Baird, of the Four-
226
Soldiers True
teenth Corps, and moved two and a half miles to the right on the
Powder Springs road, where it took the place of Hascall's divi-
sion of the Twenty-third Corps, and remained on July i and 2.
While here Private William Donohue, of Company H, was
wounded. On the latter night the enemy evacuated his works,
and at daylight on the 3d the corps moved in pursuit over a rough
and heavily wooded section toward Neal Dow Station, the Third
Division on the left. Colonel Cobham, on the return of Colonel
Sergeant George H. Osgood
Ireland, had been relieved from the brigade about June 15, and
was in command of the regiment. He was general officer of the
day, and had the entire division skirmish line. With the adjutant
and two orderlies, he spent the whole day in beating up the
enemy. There are few duties in active campaigning more excit-
ing, or requiring more coolness and courage, than feeling for a
foe in a forest upon an extended skirmish line. It is literally a
man-hunt. The men are widely deployed and must be as alert
as though they were stalking lions. Any bush, or rock, or stump,
or tree top may hide the watchful enemy. In any ravine or be-
Soldi Kus True 227
hind any hillock he may He concealed. The problem is to find
and disable him, or rush him before he can disable you. And
thus, scanning every foot of ground, watching every moving
object, scaling every obstacle, with gun ready, the skirmish line
climbs and descends hills, crosses swales, or advances over open
ground for hours, seeking its human prey. Opposition may be
feeble, or resistance may be met that will drive every man to
cover and bring on a crash of musketry that has the sound of
battle, or the whole line ma\- be forced backward. Ofificers must
watch the front, the Hank, and the alignment, and direct the
movements as occasion may require, and the line nmst advance
until halted by orders or by the presence of an overwhelming foe.
It is interesting and dangerous work, and renders all other forms
of hunting tame.
On the day of which we are speaking, as soon as it was fairly
light, Cobham ordered his long skirmish line forward toward the
enemy's works. What would be met? A'olleys and shells from
the grim trenches? No one knew. In a moment the sharp-pointed
stakes of the abatis were passed, and the first intrenchment was
found to be empty. A second, a third, a fourth line of works were
gained, and the men were among graves that were newly made,
fires that were recently deserted, and the marks of artillery wheels
freshly cut in the turf. The enemy was gone. Onward went the
line to Alaloney's Church, where Cheatham's rear guard was
found on the opposite side of the railroad. It was quickly retired
by artillery and musketry fire, and connection was made with the
Fourteenth Corps. Onward still went the skirmishers, two miles
toward the south, until Cheatham was again overtaken, this time
on a commanding ridge. Cobham received a bullet through his
coat, which he said "made a job for the tailor but not for the
doctor." One hundred and seventy straggling prisoners were
gathered in, and night at length came down and gave the weary
men a chance for supper. The corps moved up, Geary forming
on its extreme right, and the night was spent in intrenching and
in the exchange of picket shots.
228 Soldiers True
This operation of the Twentieth Corps was part of a flank
movement on Johnston's left and rear, and it was supported by
McPherson, who swung behind Thomas toward Xickajack
Creek, in the hope of compelHng the enemy either to attack
Thomas or be caught in confusion as he retired toward the Chat-
tahoochee River. He succeeded, however, by a swift retrogade
movement, in eluding Sherman's trap, and safely reached his
prepared defenses on the north bank of that broad and important
stream.
Sherman declares that the struggle from June lo to July 3 was
in reality "a continuous battle." His losses for the month were
seven thousand five hundred and thirty men, and Johnston's were
nearly six thousand. That is to say, thirty thousand eight hun-
dred and thirty soldiers had fallen on both sides since the opening
of the campaign just two months before. The regiment had left
Bridgeport, on ]\Iay 3, with five hundred and seventy-three offi-
cers and men. On July i it had scarcely two hundred and fifty.
Of those who had not been killed or disabled in battle only the
hardiest had endured the severe hardships of the trying cam-
paign. The others were in hospital. Among those who died of
disease these were reported during this period : Company G,
Privates Moorehead Howard (Cassville, May 21) and William
Doolin fjeffersonville. Ind., June 29) ; Company F, Privates
Truman Wadsworth, Charles Meyers (July 4), \\'illis Doolittle
(July 11), Benjamin X. Lewis TJuly 15), and Holliday Ingraham
(July 22).
Sherman's hope of forcing Johnston to the banks of the Chat-
tahoochee and taking him at a disadvantage as he tried to cross
was not realized. That cautious officer had his works ready and
threw his army into one of the strongest positions he had as-
sumed during the campaign in a line six miles long, on each side
of the railroad, with a formidable tete-de-pont at the crossing.
Thomas followed him closely in front, and Schofield and Mc-
Pherson marched on the right to secure the crossings below the
railroad. The latter reached the river below Turner's Ferrv, and
Soldiers True 229
Stonenian's cavalry secured it still farther down opposite Sand-
town. Garrard was sent up the river eighteen miles and seized
an important bridge and ford at Roswell. Howard with his
corps, on Thomas's left, found the direct road to Atlanta open,
and reached and held Pace's Ferry, above Johnston's right. By
these prompt dispositions on July 5 Sherman held the north
bank of the Chattahoochee for a distance of eighteen miles, and
on commanding ground completely enveloped the enemy's front
and flanks. On that day Geary marched at daylight south by
east over a country that continued to be rough and broken, past
the lately abandoned works of the enemy to Nickajack Creek,
which he crossed near Rufl:' and Daniel's mill, and pushed on
toward Turner's Ferry, between the Fourteenth Corps and Mc-
Pherson, Williams, and Butterfield following him. During the
morning his skirmishers met and drove the enemy's cavalry. At
three o'clock he found the enemy's main line near tlie river, and
posted his division along Nickajack Creek. From his position
the spires of Atlanta, nine miles away, were for the first time seen
by his troops, and the spectacle filled them with enthusiasm. On
the 6th the division was relieved by troops of the Fifteenth Corps
and marched to Vining's Station, two miles east of the creek.
The next day it moved two miles south and came into line on the
right of Williams and on the left of the First Division of the
Fifteenth Corps. At daylight on the 9th the division advanced
one mile to the bank of the river, capturing a few prisoners and
deserters, and remained in tlie woods until July 16. Here on the
loth Privates Jacob B. Beck and Jacob Hauer, of Company C, of
the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment, were wounded.
Sherman's plan w^as to feign a crossing by AlcPherson on the
right at Turner's Ferry, but actually to throw Schofield, who was
on the left near the mouth of Soap's Creek, on the south side in
Johnston's rear, and force him out of his strong line and back
upon Atlanta. On the 9th Schofield successfully crossed the river,
cai)ltn-ing the post before him, laid his pontoons, and intrenched
himself on high ground. The same dav Garrard's cavalrv crossed
230 Soldiers True
above at Roswell, and that night Johnston withdrew his whole
army south of the river, burning the railroad and his own
bridges, and leaving Sherman in possession of his entire position.
Four days later McPherson was moved to Roswell, where he
crossed and fortified the southern approach to the ford, support-
ing Schofield. Blair, with the Seventeenth Corps, remained be-
low at Turner's Ferry, and Thomas in the center was preparing
to cross at Powers's and Pace's Ferries. On the 15th Stoneman
relieved Blair, who rejoined McPherson. Two days later all the
armies were on the south side, and began their final movement
against Atlanta. With Pace's Ferry as the pivot they wheeled
toward the right, Thomas moving from Buckhead toward Peach
Tree Creek, Schofield next, and McPherson on the outer curve.
Peach Tree Creek is a long, narrow, and tortuous stream
formed by the junction of two forks just south of Buckhead, and
runs westwardly until it empties into the Chattahoochee River a
short distance above the railroad crossing. Within the field of
operations it is fringed with timber, has marshy banks and a
muddy bed, and at this time its water was several feet deep. As
Hooker's corps was approaching this stream from Buckhead via
Howell's mills on July 18, 1864, news reached our lines that Gen-
eral Johnston had been relieved from command of the Confed-
erate Army of the Tennessee, and that Lieutenant General John
B. Hood had been promoted to the office of general and was his
successor. Hood, like Schofield and McPherson, belonged to the
West Point class of 1853, and with Thomas he had, before the civil
war, been connected with the Second United States Cavalry, of
which Albert Sidney Johnston was colonel and Robert E. Lee the
lieutenant colonel. He was only thirty-three years of age, but was
known to us as a daring, dashing officer and an impetuous fighter.
He had occupied the position of cavalry instructor at West Point,
on the breaking out of the war. but resigned to take up arms for
the South. He had been severely wounded in a hand-to-hand en-
counter with a Comanche Indian before the war, and received a
bullet through the body at Gaines's Mill, in McCleUan's peninsula
Soldiers True 231
campaign. He was again wounded at Gettysburg, and at Cliicka-
niauga lost his right leg. His assignment to command was un-
derstood to be a rebuke to General Johnston's Fabian policy, and
a notice to the Southern army that it nuist assume the aggressive.
Within ten days of the time he took command he fought three
desperate battles with Sherman, and was defeated in them all
with immense losses.
On the morning of July 19, at dayligiit, Geary's division moved
to a hill overlooking Howell's Mill, near which a division of the
Fourteenth Corps was engaged in a fierce skirmish. He moved on
to the left, and massed his men on the wooded hills bordering
Peach Tree Creek, at a point three fourths of a mile in advance
of the mill just mentioned, and connected his skirmish line with
that on his left. Preparations were made to force the passage of
the creek and seize the hills beyond it. Silence was enjoined on
all, and the ground to be assaulted was carefully scanned by the
officers. Across the creek, in the immediate front, was a cleared
field, which spread out on the left into a little valley that was
skirted at the farther side by an unwooded hill, and on the right
was fringed by timbered and elevated ridges. Beyond this field
was a hill covered by a growth of hardwood, and beyond that in
a deep ravine was a marshy, half-dry rivulet that flowed toward
and into Peach Tree Creek. Still farther to the front was a
steep, thickly wooded, higher hill that formed a continuation of
the cleared and cultivated crest that l)Ounded the valley on the
left. These two irregular hills, with the rivulet between them,
bore away from the field toward the right. No roads led down
to the creek in Geary's front, and no bridges crossed it, but the
batteries were brought up and posted on the north side, and at
three o'clock they opened upon the enemy, who occupied the first
hill. A temporary bridge was laid, and over this a strong
skirmish line marched and deployed in the open field. Ireland's
brigade followed on double-quick, and under cover of the ar-
tillery fire gallantly carried the hill, surprising the enemy and
capturing twenty-three prisoners and some intrenching tools.
232 Soldiers True
The other brigades of the division closely followed Ireland and
extended his right, which was posted in the enemy's vacated
works. In the charge the regiment lost Privates Thomas Gehr,
of Company E, wounded, and Edward Lewby, of Company K,
killed. The line thus established formed a strong tcfc-de-pont for
the crossing, and two additional bridges were laid and roads
made for the batteries.
Early the next morning Williams formed five hundred yards in
rear of Geary's right, refusing backward, and Ward's Third Divi-
sion lay at the foot of the cleared hill in the valley on his left. At
ten o'clock the brigades of Candy and Jones, on the right of
Ireland were sent forward across the swampy rivulet to the hill
beyond it, where Candy built rifle pits and halted. Ireland's
Third Brigade lay behind him on the first hill, and Williams's
division was on the right rear, leaving Geary's two lines entirely
exposed and isolated on that flank. Ward skirmished up the
cleared hillside on Geary's left, and reached the crest with sharp
fighting, aided by Bundy's battery. But at noon Ireland was
still quiet in his original position, expecting no harm. A
prisoner had reported that the enemy's lines were two miles away.
The One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania held the right of
the brigade line. It had no thought of immediate battle. The
midday meal was cooked and eaten. Colonel Cobham and his
adjutant drank their coffee and ate their hard bread together,
sitting upon the same gum blanket, and then reclined against a
tree, the colonel remarking that the service .would render both of
them useless for civil life. A supply wagon came up with cloth-
ing and rations, from which Commissary Sergeant Lowell began
issuing to the men. The day was clear and intensely hot. and the
soldiers were dozing, or chaffing each other, or discussing the
chances for the speedy capture of Atlanta, w^hen, suddenly, like
a peal of thunder from a cloudless sky, Hardee's corps in four
divisions burst upon the line. Arms were taken in an instant,
and in battle line the regiment leaped across the marshy swale,
and, firing at will, advanced up the steep, thickly timbered sec-
Soldiers True
235
ond hillside. The colonel shouted to the adjutant to take position
on the extreme right wing of the regiment and obey any orders
he might give. Lieutenant Colonel Walker was in command of
the One Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania, and hurried it in on
the left. Cobham, with uplifted sword, and on foot, kept near
the colors. Up the hill the line pushed its way through the under-
brush and among the trees, toward the enemy, who was pouring
down and into its face a deluge of lead. Corporal iA.ustin W.
Lieutenant Noah W. Lowell
Merrick, of Company B, pushed beyond the advancing line, and
found himself in the midst of the enemy. Before he was noticed
by the excited and confident foe, he dashed back and encountered
General Geary, who, with hat off, and on foot, was unconsciously
nearing Hardee's half-concealed men. He shouted to the general
to turn away, which he did, and thereby escaped capture or death.
The batteries engaged meanwhile, and shells were bursting every-
where. Men were falling right and left, and some of the wounded
were rolling down the steep declivity. The supply wagon had
dashed to a place of safety. Sergeant Lowell, with a pork bar-
236 Soldiers True
rel tilted on edge and a meat hook in hand, was fishing out a
side of bacon as the storm broke. A shell struck the barrel,
hurled a huge piece of the pork violently against the back of his
head, and drenched him with brine. He thought his head was
blown off, as he staggered under the blow, and fancied that the
warm, greasy fluid was his lifeblood, until he saw its color and
remembered that if his head were gone he would not know about
it. Then, despite the solemnity of battle, he burst into a nervous
laugh at his absurd fancy. He claims to be the only man who
was ever shot in battle with a piece of pickled pork.
The fierce, unequal contest on the side hill had continued but a
few minutes when the First and Second Brigades were forced
obliquely back from the front and left by a heavy mass of in-
fantry which was hurled against them on all sides at a distance
of seventy-five yards, and re-formed on Ireland's left at the edge
of the cleared field, at an acute angle with their former line. This
left the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment unprotected in
front, its line extending perpendicularly toward a totally exposed
right flank. Instantly its front was filled by the advancing foe,
and its isolated right was enveloped by a brigade closed in mass,
which swarmed like bees down the ravine. They were scarcely
fifty yards away, and they yelled for the surrender of the waver-
ing line. Their fire was at our breasts. Cobham shouted for a
change of front to the rear on Tenth Company, and fell, with
sword in air, shot through the lungs with a mortal wound. Ad-
jutant Boyle, on the extreme right, believed that Williams's divi-
sion was mistakenly attacking us, until he saw the hostile colors
and heard the call to surrender. During the instant he stood
there undecided as to the identity of the attacking troops his
sword hilt was shot away and a flesh wound was inflicted in his
hip. In an instant the regiment had dissolved to the left rear and
rallied on its colors in a new and corrected line, where it fought
the battle through. Its ammunition was soon expended, and
boxes filled with a thousand rounds were carried by hand to the
men, who were in this way kept supplied. Meanwhile Williams
Soldiers True 237
had connected on the refused right, and the corps hnc was con-
tinuous. The two hills were crucial to our position on the south
side of the creek, and the battle raged with fury for their posses-
sion. But the splendid "star" corps stood its ground like a great
rock, and by six o'clock the enemy had been beaten from the field.
Hood's first assault on Sherman's lines had failed, and his threat
to drive Hooker beyond Peach Tree Creek to the Chattahoochee
had proved an idle boast.
That narrow, muddy ravine between those hills, near Peach
Tree Creek, was a throat of death to the One Hundred and
Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment. The thirty minutes that the
command stood there, like a finger extended in flame, was the
most fatal half hour of its history. It is simply marvelous that
a single man escaped. The ravine was a hurricane of bullets and
a crater of fire. Trees were clipped of their branches, bushes
were cut aw^ay as by knives, and rails with which the swale was
bridged were splintered. The clothing of many of the men who
were not wounded was perforated. The coat and trousers of one
of the officers were in shreds from the musket balls that barely
missed his person. The colonel was borne from the field to die
that night. First Lieutenants William C. Hay, of Company C,
Jesse Moore, of Company E, Christian Sexauer, of Company G,
William P. Gould, of Company H, and Henry Dieffenbach, of
Company I, were wounded. Three second lieutenants, Cyrus A.
Hayes, of Company A, Hamilton R. Sturdevant, of Company D,
and Hiram Bissell, of Company E, were captured. Two noncom-
missioned officers were killed, ten were wounded, and nine cap-
tured. Sergeant Major Logan J. Dyke was severely w-ounded in
the head and lost an arm. In all eighty officers and men out of
scarcely more than two hundred, were lost* within that brief
•Field and Sta.fi— Killed : Col. George A. Cobham, Jr. Wounded: Adjutant J. R.
Boyle (slightly). Sergeant Major Logan J. Dyke (severe scalp wound and loss of
arm). Company A — Killed: Private Volney R. Gleason. Wounded: First Sergeant
James R. Raymond, Privates Monroe Miller, Felix Pilf. Missing: Second Lieutenant
Cyrus A. Hayes, Corporal Conrad B. Evans, Corporal Albert M. Walton, Privates
Benjamin Babcock, William H. Joslin. Company C — Killed: Private Landsley Wood.
Wounded : I'irst Lieutenant William C. Hay, Sergeant John D. Evans, Sergeant
238 Soldiers True
period. A large proportion of them were veterans, and some
were among the best in the command. The missing were mostly
from the right wing, which evaded annihilation by a margin so
narrow as to seem miraculous. Not since Antietam had the regi-
ment suffered so severely, and as the lamented dead were buried
next day its heart was sore. There were not enough officers left
on duty to command the companies, and some of the worthiest of
the noncommissioned officers were gone from us forever, or were
in the enemy's hands, or in the hospital. The total casualties in
the division were four hundred and seventy-six, and four hundred
and nine of the enemy's dead were buried in its front.
Of Colonel Cobham's death General Geary in his official report,
speaks as folows : "Colonel Cobham, ... a model gentleman
and commander, fell mortally wounded. For one year previous
to the organization of the Twentieth Corps he commanded the
Second Brigade of my division and led it with great credit
through the battles of Gettysburg and Wauhatchie, Lookout
Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Ringgold. He participated
Wyley L. Mackey, Corporal Robert Don.nell, Privates Charles Mesdhler (died at Chat-
tanooga, August 3), Charles P. Scott, Samuel S. Weidler. Missing: Sergeant Wyley
L. Mackey, Corporal Robert Donnell, Privates Charles P. Scott, Samuel S. Weidler.
Company D — Killed: Privates Charles Hultberg, James T. Miller, D. Porter Siggins,
John Smith. Wounded: Sergeant Christopher G. Herrick, Privates Mile M. Adams, Ste-
phen Baker, Philip Schirk, Franklin Stilson (disch. May 29, 1865). Missing: First Lieu-
tenant Hamilton R. Sturdevant, Sergeant C. \V. Culbertson, Privates Andrew Hultberg,
David L. Hodges, Morris Lee (died at Florence, S. C), Alexander Morton. Com-
pany E — Wounded: First Lieutenant Jesse Moore (loss of left arm), Corporal Fred-
erick White, Corporal S. W. Butterfield (died at Chattanooga, September 5),
Privates Thomas Gehr (July 19), William N. Dehass. Missing: Second Lieutenant
Hiram Bissell. Company F — Killed: Sergeant Michael Gorman. Wounded : Corporal
Charles Deislang, Privates William H. Austin, Horatio G. Cooley, George Hellreigle
(died July 23), John Thompson, Theodore Wenikest. Missing: Sergeant John
L. Wells, Privates Howard Burk, Ira B. Munsel, Masters Rowland (died at Ander-
sonville, August 6). Company G — Wounded: First Lieutenant Christian Sexauer, Pri-
vates Jacob B. Haffer, John Mason. Company H — Killed: Private John Palmer.
Wounded : First Lieutenant William P. Gould, Corporal Isaac S. Baldwin, Private
George Houk. Missing: Sergeant John H. Henry. Company I — Killed: Sergeant
Peter Fraley. Wounded: First Lieutenant Henry Dieffenbach, Privates William
Foust, John Smith (died July 21). Missing: Sergeant Charles Long, Sergeant Robert
Kern, Sergeant Edson C. Clark, Privates Samuel P. Boyer, William A. Hites, Charles
M. Irvin, Nicholas Kimmel, William Kissel, John Thompson, Christopher Wingert (died
at Andersonville, September 23). Company K — Killed: Privates Edward Lewby
(July 19), George B. Byer, John G. Cain. Wounded: Privates Asa O. Douglass (died
at Chattanooga, August 25), David Kauffman.
Soldiers True
239
with his regiment in all the battles and movements of the present
campaign, and, during the absence of Colonel Ireland, com-
manded the Third brigade in the battles of Resaca and New
Hope Church. His loss is deeply felt and deplored throughout
the division." Colonel Cobham was brevetted a brigadier general
to date from the day before his death. His body was sent to his
late home in Warren, Pennsylvania, and lies in a grave marked
by a very simple stone in the cemetery of that beautiful town.
Lieutenant Jesse Moore
Lieutenant Colonel Walker at once resumed command of the
regiment and Captain James M. Wells, of Company F, one of the
most capable of the line officers, returned the next dav from the
hospital, where he had been suffering from a wound received in
his hand at the battle of Resaca. The enemy abandoned his
fortifications about Peach Tree Creek, and on the morning of
July 2.2, at five o'clock, Geary advanced beyond them toward
Atlanta on the road leading from Howell's Mill, and, connecting
with Williams and the Fourteenth Corps, drove the enemy's
skirmishers into the main defenses of the city. A fort located on
16
240 Soldiers True
Marietta Street opened on liini. At ten o'clock he posted the
division on a cleared hill a half mile east of the Howell's Mill
road, facing the Marietta Street battery, which was about one
thousand yards away and which fired solid round shot with pre-
cision as his men were intrenching. Some of these spent shot
were stopped by the men with clubs and even with their feet.
One man sprained his ankle badly at the peculiar sport and was
sent to the hospital. Ward and Williams were on either side of
Geary. Here he was only two miles from the center of the city,
which he endeavored to shell. He built strong works with pro-
tecting abatis, and repelled a dash on his picket line in the even-
ing. This was a part of the movement by which Sherman closed
in his line of investment around the east, north, and west of the
doomed city. McPherson was on his extreme left across the
Augusta Railroad, and Schofield, Howard, Hooker, and Palmer
were intrenched to the right in the order named.
Hood was not satisfied with his experience at Peach Tree
Creek. On the 22d he sent his own and Hardee's corps and
Wheeler's cavalry against the Army of the Tennessee, which, as
has just been said, was upon the Augusta Railroad, directly east
of Atlanta. That morning McPherson had ridden to see Sher-
man. He found him at the Howard House with the Fourth
Corps, and the two officers at once fell into an earnest conversa-
tion concerning the work on the left. McPherson was accom-
panied by his stafif, and was in full uniform. As they talked
firing was heard in his front. Sherman looked at his pocket
compass, and found that the sound was too far to the left rear
to be unimportant. General McPherson instantly mounted and
galloped in the direction of the fire. Without a thought of
danger he rode through a gap in G. A. Smith's front, and was
killed by the advancing skirmishers of the enemy. His horse
came back wounded, and for a few moments the general's body
was in possession of the foe, who took his pocketbook. Smith's
division was almost instantly on the ground and recovered the
body, and captured the man who had stolen the pocketbook.
Soldiers Tuuii 241
Within an Imur uf the time he was conversing with Sherman,
McPherson's body was lying in the Howard House shot through
the vitals.
At noon the enemy charged against tlie tlank of the Seven-
teenth Corps, held l)y Giles A. Smith, and at the same time at-
tacked the front of the Sixteenth Corps. Two hours later he also
assaulted the Fifteenth Corps, and thus engaged the whole Army
of the Tennessee on ground that covered seven miles. The pur-
pose was to turn and destroy Sherman's left flank, and the fight-
ing was as desperate as any that took place during the war.
Seven distinct charges were made on various parts of the line,
which were as often repulsed with terrific slaughter. At times
the contending lines, wrought to highest fury, fought over the
same trenches, flaunting their colors in each others faces. Offi-
cers fought with swords and revolvers, and at one point on the
Seventeenth Corps line the colonel of the Forty-fifth Alabama
Regiment w'as physically dragged over the parapet by the
shoulders and captured. This hand-to-hand encounter continued
for forty-five minutes before it was repulsed, and was unexampled
in its fierceness. At six o'clock the final charge was delivered
against Smith's flank, w'ho refused his line to the rear to meet it.
The colors of the enemy were planted within a stone's throw of
his front, and were defended there with the utmost resolution.
But supports from the right were hurried in, and as darkness
came on the exhausted foe was beaten back, the Union troops
holding the whole ground. The Confederate Major General
W. H. F. Walker was killed. Logan had succeeded McPherson
to command on the field and fought the battle. One thousand
of the enemy's wounded and an equal number of prisoners and
of his dead were left in the hands of our men. Eighteen stands
of colors were taken and five thousand stands of arms. Twelve
pieces of artillery were lost, and the Union casualties were re-
ported as three thousand and five hundred and twenty-one.
On the 28th the whole Army of the Tennessee was moved from
the scene of this great battle to the extreme right of the general
242 Soldiers True
line on the west of the city, near Proctor's Creek and the ahiis-
house, Schofield taking its place, and Thomas remaining on the
city's north front. Here, on that day, the corps of Hardee and
Lee attacked the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps in a hattle
that continued for more than three hours. Six successive
charges were made and repulsed, and the enemy was driven off
at all points. Thus within eight days Hood had tested Sherman's
line in the center and on both flanks. He had fought three
bloody battles, and was signally defeated in them all. The result
seemed to be sufficient, for from this time he was content to re-
main on the defensive within his trenches.
Meantime Howard was assigned to the command of the Army
of the Tennessee^ and Hooker was relieved at his own request
from the Twentieth Corps, Slocum, the old commander of the
Tw^elfth Corps, succeeding him a little later.
On July 2'j Lieutenant Colonel Walker made a demonstration
in Geary's front, driving back the enemy's pickets and establish-
ing our own picket line in their pits. The same day the One
Hundred and Eleventh Regiment moved to the left and occupied
a part of the works that were built by the Third Division, where
it remained in support of a siege battery of thirty-two-pound
Parrott guns until the night of August 25. These guns fired
every five minutes, day and night, with a report that shook the
earth around them. They occupied an eminence from which
they could reach the center of the city. The redoubt which held
them, and the infantry trenches, were very heavy. The battery
drew the fire of the enemy's siege guns, which threw sixty-four-
pound shells with a deafening screech. These missies were the
heaviest we had ever seen, and on account of their size the men
dubbed them "camp kettles." Occasionally they would burst over-
head and scatter in fragments that were dangerous. One of them
exploded as it struck the head-log over Company I and killed Pri-
vate Frank Janzer and wounded Philip Smith and Francis Kline,
but they mostly went high and did no damage. A ravine ran
diagonally out of our works here toward the front, and it gave
Soldi KRS True .243
the enemy's sharpshooters the opportunity of annoying us. They
evidently could see the headquarters tent fly, for they practiced
on it, and once or twice put holes through it. It was not uncom-
mon for their shots to strike a camp fire and scatter the coals,
and one man's cup of coffee was knocked away as he was ready
to carry it to his mouth. Corporal Bradford A. Gehr, of Company
E, was badly wounded on the night of August 17 as he lay asleep,
and Corporal Chester D. Clawson and Private Washington Ferry,
of Company K, were also injured about the same time. At brief
intervals musketry firing on the front would cause the men to
line up in the trenches and call forth a few volleys. At first
sleep was impossible because of the incessant firing of the bat-
tery, but soon the troops became oblivious to the noise and the
tremor, although they would instantly hear and respond to the
sound of musketry. But few company officers remained on duty
— at one time there were but four — and these occupied their en-
forced idleness in writing up the payrolls. Captain Hiram L.
Blodgett, of Company H. a brave and reliable officer who had
been with the regiment from the beginning, died of disease at
Chattanooga, on August 5. He had been compelled to leave the
front shortly after the battle of Peach Tree Creek.
The reaction from the terrific strain of the long campaign told
seriously on the command during the siege. After the June rains
the weather had turned excessively hot. Insect pests of all
kinds infected the lines like a plague. It is said that four
thousand varieties of diptcra have been described in North
America, and that we claim one hundred and fifty species of the
citlicidcp, also, as a national heritage. Entomologists might have
added a few valual)le additions to these forms of life in Georgia
in the midsummer of 1864, including, perhaps, some rare speci-
mens of the pcdicnlns vcstiinenti. At all events, venomous flies,
mosquitoes of the gallinipper type, gnats, ticks, bugs that burrow
beneath the cuticle and inconsiderately leave their heads within it,
to make festering pimples, and other interesting vermin swarmed
upon the defenders of the Union at that time. And, even worse,
244
Soldiers True
the hard and unvarying army ration, in that hot climate, induced
a scorbutic disease that annoyed the whole army. It usually
affected the forearms and the lower extermities of the body, and
broke out in dry, itching sores that rendered physical heat and
the touch of woolen garments a mild torture. The medical de-
partment recommended a modification of the diet, and among
other delicacies dried potatoes, that tasted when cooked like pine
shavings, were issued. Fortunatelv, the sassafras bush was
Captain Hiram L. Blodgett
found in abundance on the barrens behind the lines, and the men
learned to use freely the bark of its succulent roots. The regi-
mental headquarters drank tea made of this bark, instead of
coffee, for several weeks, and it is safe to say that the two mem-
bers who composed the mess have never since pined for this bev-
erage. They had enough of it for a lifetime. But sassafras re-
lieved the situation, and the threatened scurvy disappeared.
Sherman's aggregate losses for the month of July were nine
thousand seven hundred and nineteen, and the Confederate loss
was nearlv eleven thousand.
Soldiers True 245
The siege progressed during the first three weeks of August in
the usual way. The investing Hues were strengthened and ad-
vanced as much as possil)lc, sorties were made and successfully
met, and dispositions in the line occurred. Great fires were
kindled from time to time in the city by our artillery. But to the
south Atlanta was still open, and the enemy's supplies came
regularly forward, despite occasional cavalry raids on his rail-
road. Sherman, therefore, determined to place his army on
Hood's line of communications, south of the city, and force him
to evacuate its intrenchments and give battle in the open field.
On the night of the 25th the Twentieth Corps, after occupying
the line of the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps and keeping their
camp fires burning brightly, was quietly moved back to the Chat-
tahoochee, where it built strong works to guard the railroad cross-
ing, the Fourth and Fourteenth Corps having been sent south to
Utoy Creek, without the knowledge of the enemy. The night
thereafter Howard, with the Army of the Tennessee, followed,
and passed to the right of Thomas's two corps. All were sup-
plied with twenty days' rations. Schofield took position at the
railroad junction at East Point, and Thomas and Howard toward
the Fayetteville road and Jonesboro. On the 31st the army was
all on the railroad effectually destroying it. These movements
brought Hood's army out of Atlanta, and on September i Har-
dee's whole corps narrowly escaped capture. Hood, however,
escaped south, and Sherman's army was victorious at Lovejoy
Station.
Early on the morning of September 2 Geary sent Lieutenant
Colonel Walker with the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsyl-
vania, the Sixtieth New York, details from the One Hundred and
Second New York and the Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania, and
twenty men from the Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry on a recon-
noisance toward Atlanta, via the Buckhead road. Crossing
Nancy's and Peach Tree Creeks, the column moved rapidly for-
ward, driving the skirmishers of Ferguson's Confederate cavalry
before them. To their great joy they found the inner line of in-
246 Soldiers True
trenchments vacant, and Lieutenant Colonel Walker, halting his
detachment at the works, proceeded with his cavalry escort into
the suburbs of the city. Here he met Colonel Coburn, of the Third
Division, who w-as also reconnoitering, and, discovering that there
were no troops but Ferguson's cavalry in x\tlanta, they agreed that
their men should enter together. The One Hundred and Eleventh
and the Sixtieth New York headed the line, their colors borne in
front, and when they reached the city hall and came into line of
battle before it these honored but battle-stained flags were un-
furled, and Lieutenant Colonel Walker took possession of the
long-coveted prize at midday, in the name of General Sherman.
And thus it came to pass, after just four months of unparalleled
campaigning, the glory of receiving the surrender of Atlanta fell,
by good fortune, to the noble regiment of which we write, through
the gallant officer who had so long and so worthily commanded it.
General Geary, in his official report, thus honors the One Hun-
dred and Eleventh Pennsylvania and the Sixtieth New York:
"To these two regiments of my division belongs the immortal
honor of placing upon the rebel stronghold the first Union flags,
and to give the first practical announcement that the long cam-
paign had ended in victory — that the Gate City of the South was
ours !"' General Sherman telegraphed the government that "At-
lanta is ours, and fairly won," and the whole North burst into
enthusiasm over the great victory. President Lincoln sent the
following message : "The national thanks are tendered by the
President to Major General W. T. Sherman, and the gallant offi-
cers and soldiers under his command before Atlanta, for the
distinguished ability and perseverance displayed in the campaign
in Georgia, which, under divine favor, has resulted in the capture
of Atlanta. The marches, battles, sieges, and other military'
operations that have signalized the campaign must render it
famous in the annals of war, and have entitled those who have
participated therein to the applause and thanks of the nation."
And Lieutenant General Grant telegraphed to his triumphant
brother in arms: "I have just received your dispatch announcing
Soldiers True .247
the capture of Atlanta. In honor of your great victory I have
ordciTcl a sahitc to be tired, with shotted guns, from every battery
bearing upon the enemy. The sahite will be fired within an hour
amid great rejoicing."
The casualties on botli sides in this extraordinary campaign
reached the enormous total of sixty-six thousand six hundred and
sixty-six men ! On the Union side four thousand four hundred
and twenty-three were killed, twenty-two thousand eight hundred
and twenty-two were wounded, and four thousand four hundred
and forty-two were missing. On the Confederate side three
thousand and forty-four were killed, eighteen thousand nine hun-
dred and fifty-two were wounded, and twelve tiiousand nine hun-
dred and eighty-three were captured. In other words, Sherman
lost thirty-one thousand six hundred and eighty-seven men, and
his antagonist lost thirty-four thousand nine hundred and seventy-
nine. Together they lost almost forty-two per cent of their aggre-
gate force. And even this terrible exhibit does not include the
unknown number of men on both sides who subsequently died of
disease induced by the overstrain of the campaign. Truly, as one
of these commanders declared to the other, *'\Var is cruelty, and
vou cannot refine it."
248 Soldiers True
CHAPTER XIII
The Occupation of Atlanta and the March to the Sea
ON the fall of Atlanta the One Hundred and Eleventh
Pennsylvania Regiment was assigned to provost guard
duty in the city. It camped in the public square in front
of the railroad station facing Peach Tree Street, and established
its headquarters in a commodious brick building nearby. The
army was posted strategically on the outskirts, and the soldiers
settled themselves for a brief rest. The regiment had not been
paid since the previous January, and was greatly in need of
money and clothing. Rolls were made out, but the paymaster
did not appear until the latter part of October, when payment
was made to September i.
Atlanta was a fortified post, and was needed for military pur-
poses. It contained a population that was naturally in sympathy
with the South, many of whom were already without means of
subsistence, and all of whom would soon become dependent, and
for prudential military and temporal reasons Sherman, on Sep-
tember 7, ordered all noncombatants to leave the city. He ofifered
to transport north any who wished to go, and to send the others
into the Confederate lines. On that day he wrote Hood to this
effect, and agreed to remove the persons and household property
of such as desired it to Rough and Ready, explaining that "the
interest of the United States" required this action on his part.
Hood was deeply incensed at the proposed eviction, and his de-
nunciation of it provoked a spirited and bitter correspondence
with Sherman. But he consented to it, and a hejira began which
continued for some weeks. This was, doubtless, a severe
measure, but Sherman believed it to be both justifiable and neces-
sary, and it was conducted with humanity and kindness. Cap-
tain William L. Patterson, of Company E, of the regiment, was
Soldiers True
249
detailed with twenty-two men, to snperintend the departure of
the people who had ehosen to go north, and for three weeks, as
he said, he "condueted one of the largest movings this country
ever saw." The crowd was greater than could be handled, the
station was choked with household goods, and for several days at
a time men, women, and children waited for transportation,
camping in the station with their goods. A "reasonable" quan-
tity of luggage was all that was permitted to families, but some
Captain William L. Patterson
came with square pianos, and even with hand-irons and grind-
stones. One poor w^oman reached the supreme moment of mater-
nity in the midst of the confusion. The sympathetic captain
cleared the ticket office, arranged a couch, called in the regimental
surgeon, stationed a guard at the door, and rendered the un-
fortunate sufTerer all other help in his power, but death claimed
her and the child, and they were tenderly given a soldier's burial.
In due time the refugees were all disposed of, and the city was
left to the military.
Hordes of small merchants were clamoring to get to the front,
250 Soldiers True
but Sherman permitted but one for each army to come. Prices
at these sutler shops were exorbitantly high. Ready-made trou-
sers for officers cost twenty dollars, flannel shirts sold for eight
and ten dollars each, and the cheapest style of cotton stockings
brought one dollar per pair. But before the occupation Con-
federate rates were evidently much higher. A daybook was
found at regimental headquarters which contained the following
items for refreshments provided for a little supper given by a
certain major : One bottle of brandy, twenty-five dollars ; one
gallon of whisky, one hundred dollars ; five dozen eggs, twenty-
five dollars; one jug, twenty dollars; one eggbeater, five dol-
lars— or one hundred and fifty dollars for a treat of eggnog.
A cartel for the exchange of a limited number of prisoners
was agreed to by Sherman and Hood, and, among others, six of
the men captured from the regiment at Peach Tree Creek were
returned. They were direct from Andersonville and looked like
skeletons. They described that prison, which was simply a
guarded stockade in the open air, as an earthly hell. Twenty-
five thousand men were herded together in a pen that was in-
tended for ten thousand. They had no shelter except caves that
they dug in the earth, and no water but that which was secured
at a hot, foul, and fetid stream that lay, half stagnant, in one
part of the inclosed field. The prisoners were either in rags or
practically naked. They had no hats or shoes. Their food was
a piece of corn bread, in which the cobs were ground with the
meal, without salt, and a diminutive slice of bacon, served so
irregularly that they were always half starved. They hunted
bones from the ground, mashed them between stones, boiled the
fragments, and drank the water for the trace of nutriment it
contained. Their unshorn hair and emaciated bodies were alive
with vermin, and almost every man in the prison was ill. They
lay on the ground, consumed by fevers, or prostrated by intestinal
diseases, generally without medicine, and died daily by hundreds.
General Sherman was so much impressed by the reports he re-
ceived of the wretched condition of these prisoners that he re-
Sor.DiRRs True 251
quested Hood U) receive some necessary supplies for them,
through him, and forward them to Andersonville. Hood con-
sented, and Sherman requested Mr. James E. Yeatman, vice
president of the Sanitary Commission at St. Louis, to send him
such underclothing and soap as he could secure, for their use.
He especially asked for twelve hundred fine-tooth combs and
four hundred pairs of shears. But these things did not reach
Andersonville, and only came into the hands of our prisoners at
Jacksonville, Florida, shortly before the war ended.
The national election was at hand. Andrew Johnson, of Ten-
nessee, had been nominated by the Republicans for Vice President
on the ticket with Mr. Lincoln. The Democrats had named Gen-
eral McClellan for President and Mr. Pendleton, of Ohio, for \'ice
President, on a platform that declared the war to be a failure
and that the government had been guilty of revolutionary usurpa-
tions. The disaffected and disloyal elements of the North had
united on this latter ticket, and the canvass was raging with
intense earnestness and great bitterness. The capture of At-
lanta had strengthened the Republican cause and strongly in-
spired it, and while the political issue was still regarded with
apprehension the hope of Mr. Lincoln's reelection had greatly
revived. Fourteen loyal States, Pennsylvania among them, had
through their Legislatures given the soldiers in the field the
right to vote, and as Election Day drew near there was intense
interest in the camps. For the time politics was the chief topic
of discussion. The army was overwhelmingly Republican in its
sympathies, but personal regard for McClellan influenced a few
men, and here and there a Democrat revealed himself. Most
of the rank and file, and many of the officers, were about to cast
their first votes, and they have been happy ever since that they
were permitted to give them to the great emancipator and the
cause of an indivisible Federal Union. Some of the discussions
between the soldiers were ludicrous. There was one company
in the regiment that was ambitious for a unanimous Republican
vote, but one young German stood out for the other side. He
252 Soldiers True
was reasoned with, and reminded that Abraham Lincohi and his
party were laboring for the preservation of the Union, that he
himself was daily risking his life for it, and that the Democrats
were helping the armed Confederacy to destroy it. How could
he as a soldier and a patriot be so blind as to vote the Democratic
ticket ? His reply was conclusive :
"Ach!" he exclaimed, "das macht nix aus! Mine fader, he
lives in Benzinger township, up. He alleweille vote de Demo-
cratische ticket. \e\\ ! Den I votes him !*'
Election Day fell on November 8. On that day McClellan
resigned his commission as a major general in the United States
army, and was overwhelmingly defeated at the polls. He re-
ceived but twenty-one electoral votes against two hundred and
twelve for Lincoln. In the camps every company had its own
polls, and the votes were cast under proper forms. The result
in the regiment was two hundred and sixteen for Lincoln and
twenty-one for McClellan. a majority of one hundred and
ninety-five.
During all this interval the three armies remained as they had
been posted immediately after the taking of the city. The Army
of the Tennessee held the front at East Point, the Army of the
Ohio was on the east at Decatvir, and the Army of the Cumber-
land was encamped in and around Atlanta. Sherman was busy
making plans for a further advance into the enemy's country. In
a letter to General Grant, dated September 20, he says : 'Tf
(Savannah) was once in our possession and the river open to
us I would not hesitate to cross the State of Georgia with sixty
thousand men, hauling some stores, and depending on the coun-
try for the balance. Where a million people find subsistence, my
army won't starve." This was the first intimation he gave of
his bold proposition to pierce the heart of Georgia from Atlanta
to the sea. Governor Brown, of that State, had withdrawn from
Hood and furloughed his militia, and was believed to be only
mildly opposed to the North. The Vice President of the Con-
federacy, Alexander H. Stephens, who was a Georgian, was also
Soluhlrs True 253
regarded as but a lukewarm eiieiu)', and Slieruiau believed that
a great raid through Georgia would, besides crippling the re-
sources of the South, produce a powerful moral effect upon these
men and the Southern people at large.
But Hood was also busy reinforcing his army and making
plans in his headquarters at Lovejoy Station. Jefferson Davis
had come to Macon, and between them they determined upon a
movement which they believed would counteract Sherman's
whole .Vtlanta campaign and force him from the State. This w^as
nothing less than to move Hood's entire army, in the lightest
possible marching order, rapidly by the Union right and strike
and destroy Sherman's line of communications backward to
Chattanooga. Davis addressed Hood's men, asserting that the
tables were now to be turned, that Forrest was in middle Ten-
nessee and they would soon be with him, and that Sherman had
before him a more disastrous retreat than Napoleon suffered
from Moscow. By a swift march Hood crossed the Chatta-
hoochee and severely damaged the railroad at Allatoona, and
continued northward as far as Resaca. Sherman followed him
with all his force except the Twentieth Corps, which remained
at Atlanta, and the month of October was spent in a chase in
which Sherman sought to bring his enemy to bay and Hood tried
to avoid battle. Thomas was sent back to Nashville, with in-
structions to take care of Hood, and Sherman returned to the
front to organize his forward march. At Washington much
doubt was naturally felt at the prospect of Sherman cutting loose
from his base for a long and seemingly hazardous march
through the enemy's country, with Hood's army in his rear, and
he was advised to dispose of his foe before he set out. But he
argued that to do so \vould be to sacrifice the fruits of all he
had gained, and that Thomas was able to cope with Hood. And
so the event abundantly proved.
On November 2 Grant dispatched Sherman "to go on as he
proposed," and this was the first authority he received for the
execution of his cherished plan. All sm^plus stores were hurried
254 Soldiers True
back from Atlanta and along the line, the troops that were to
go to Thomas were sent, those that were to remain with Sher-
man were concentrated at the front, the guards along the rail-
road were called in, and at noon on November lo, at Cartersville,
Sherman received his last dispatch from Thomas. As he an-
swered, "Dispatch received — all right," the wires were severed
above him, and he was finally cut off from the North. There
remained with him the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and
Twentieth Corps, and a division of cavalry under Kilpatrick, in
all sixty-two thousand two hundred and four men and sixty-five
guns. He organized the infantry into two wings, the right and
left, under Howard and Slocum respectively, the Fifteenth and
Seventeeth Corps constituting the one, and the Fourteenth and
Twentieth Corps the other.
On the 14th all these troops were in Atlanta, and, filled with
enthusiasm, were ready for what they felt was to be an audacious
and romantic march. All the sick had been sent to the rear, and
every man in the ranks was believed to be well and strong. The
trains were packed with ammunition and rations. Two special
field orders were issued which informed the troops that they were
about to leave their present base for a long and difficult march
to a new one ; that all the chances of war had been considered
and, so far as possible, provided for ; that discipline, patience,
and courage must be maintained ; that there must be no strag-
gling; that the order of march would be, wherever practicable,
by four parallel roads ; that it would begin each morning at
seven o'clock and cover an average of fifteen miles ; that the
army would forage liberally on the country, each brigade de-
tailing organized foragers under command of an officer, who
should endeavor to keep ten days' food and three days' forage in
the wagons ; that no dwellings should be entered or trespass com-
mitted except that vegetables and stock might be taken ; that corps
commanders should have authority to destroy mills, houses, cotton
gins, etc., in districts where the army is molested; that horses and
mules should be taken for public purposes, discriminating, how-
Soldiers True 255
ever, against those of the rich and in favor of those of the
Ijoor ; that no abusive or threatening language was to be used ;
that certificates but not receipts might be given for property
taken; that each family should be left a reasonable portion for
its maintenance; that able-bodied negroes who could be used
might be taken along ; that each corps should have a pioneer bat-
talion for the repair of roads ; that the troops should at times
give the artillery and trains the use of the roads ; and that each
wing should have a pontoon train fully equipped and organized.
Each soldier was to carry forty rounds of ammunition, and the
trains were composed of twenty-five hundred wagons, each drawn
by six mules and loaded with twenty-five hundred pounds, ex-
clusive of forage. One fourth of the wagons was to follow each
corps. The supply wagons contained one million two hundred
thousand rations — enough for twenty days — and five days' for-
age for the animals. Sherman thought the latter sufBcient, for
he said that within five days we would be wdiere there was plenty
of corn, already gathered for us by Governor Brown's furloughed
militia.
As many rivers and lesser streams were to be crossed, and as
much difficult country was to be traversed, the engineer depart-
ment was most carefully organized. There were two regiments
of engineers and one of infantry, and a strong pioneer corps,
connected with this department, aggregating a force of more
than four thousand six hundred men. They carried a pontoon
train for each wing of the army, a full equipment of intrenching
tools, an abundance of implements for felling trees and cordu-
roying roads, devices for giving the "Yankee twist" to railroad
iron, tools for erecting temporary bridges, and a number of port-
able forges. And they w^ere so disposed throughout the army
as to be available by the several corps as each had need of their
service. Colonel O. j\I. Poe, of General Sherman's staff, chief
engineer, had general charge of this bureau, and just before he
left Atlanta, after the army had moved out, he destroyed the
station, roundhouse, and railroad shops. One of the buildings
17
256 Soldiers True
contained a large quantity of Confederate ordnance, and the burst-
ing shells, detonating in the flames and scattering their frag-
ments far and wide, lent an element of terror to the conflagration.
Sherman's plan was to feint against Macon on the south and
Augusta on the east, and thus prevent a concentration against
him at Milledgeville, the State capital, which was his real objec-
tive, one hundred miles away. He therefore sent his right wing
along the Macon Railroad, with instructions to destroy it, and
his left wing on the Augusta tracks with similar orders, Kil-
patrick's cavalry covering the right. On the morning of Novem-
ber 15 the great movement began. It was a bright, crisp, autum-
nal day, and the army marched forth in high spirits, the bands
discoursing national airs. The men had no information as to
their destination, but many believed that Richmond itself was to
be threatened from the rear. They had perfect confidence in
"Uncle Billy," and would have followed him into Florida or
Mobile as willingly as to Virginia.
Geary's division marched at seven o'clock, following Wil-
liams, and after some annoying detentions camped near Stone
Mountain at eleven at night, making fifteen miles. From the
bivouac the smoke and flame that rose from Atlanta were plainly
visible. The next day, constituting the advance of the corps, It
crossed Yellow River at three in the afternoon, and encamped
beyond it, covering only ten miles. On the T/th it reached the
Ulcofauhatchee, a seventeen-mile march, and camped on its west
bank. At five o'clock the following morning it crossed the river
and reached the railroad at Rutledge Station, destroying the
station buildings, water tank, and bridge, and tearing up the
track, burning the ties, and heating and twisting the rails. That
night it camped two miles from Madison, having made eighteen
miles through a good country, over excellent roads. On the 19th
the division was detached and marched very early for Buck
Head Station, where it exchanged shots with the enemy's scouts
and demolished the railroad buildings, tank, and tracks, together
with a stationary engine and locomotive fuel. It also burned the
Soldiers True 257
fine railroad bridge across the Oconee River, and a mill and
ferryboats at the Appalachee, and destroyed more than five hun-
dred bales of cotton, and ruined five miles of track. The fol-
lowing day was rainy and the roads were miry. At seven o'clock
the division left the railroad and marched down the Oconee two
miles, burning Park's mill. A detail was sent across and ad-
vanced seven miles to Greensboro, driving the enemy's cavalry,
capturing- the town, and threatening Augusta. The command
marched across Sugar Creek and camped near the large tannery
and shoe factory of James Denham, the contents of which it
turned over to the quartermaster's department. The country
was rich, and the foragers captured a number of fine mules, horses,
and beef cattle. The distance marched was ten miles. Rain
continued all night and during the following day. The division
marched over heavy roads and across swollen streams, eight
miles, to Little River, capturing the colonel of the Thirty-seventh
Tennessee, who was in command of the post of Eatonton. On
the 22d in clear cold weather it crossed Rooly Creek at Dennis's
mills, destroying the latter, and pressed on to Milledgeville, en-
camping beyond the river and the town, after a march of twenty
miles.
During the first week the One Hundred an Eleventh Regi-
ment was not with its division. With the other regiments com-
posing the provost guard of Atlanta it had remained in that city
until all the troops were withdrawn and the work of destroying
the railroad and Confederate buildings was completed. On the
afternoon of November 16, with these regiments, all under com-
mand of Colonel William Cogswell, it marched as rear guard of
the Fourteenth Corps. That night it camped beyond Decatur,
ten miles from the city. The next day it reached Conyer's Sta-
tion, sixteen miles, and on the day following it crossed the Yel-
low^ River and halted on its cast bank, a distance of eight miles.
From thence it moved, day by day. to Covington, crossing the
Ulcofauhatchee, ten miles; to Newborn and Shady Dale, eight-
een miles; to Eatonton factory, across Little River, ten miles;
258 Soldiers True
to Merriweather, seventeen miles; and to Milledgeville, eight
miles, where it rejoined the brigade at eleven o'clock on the
morning of the 23d.
As the regiment passed through Madison a group of aged men
silently and sadly regarded it from the veranda of the village
hotel. They were t}'pical Georgian farmers who were evidently
filled with a profound melancholy at the presence of the invading
troops. A wag in Company A, at a moment when no sound was
heard except the route step of the marching feet, seeing the mani-
fest distress of these white-bearded patriarchs, swung his cap and,
looking at the group, shouted at the top of his voice, "Hur-rah
for Lincoln!" The old fellows nearly rolled off their chairs. It
was probably the first hurrah that Lincoln ever received in the
Black Belt of the South. Not another word was spoken, but as
the men in the ranks chuckled the regimental band added to the
discomfiture of the venerable citizens by blaring out the tune :
"We'll rally round the flag, boys ! We'll rally once again,
Shouting the battle cry of freedom,"
and the sleepy old town echoed and reechoed with the gay
strain.
In the meantime Kilpatrick had on the 20th engaged a cavalry
brigade of the enemy a few miles from Macon in a sharp skirmish
in which the Ninety-second Illinois Mounted Infantry repulsed
a charge and with great gallantry scattered the enemy. Kil-
patrick entered the suburbs of Macon and destroyed the railroad,
and continued his march to Griswoldville. Here, on the 22d,
Walcutt's infantry brigade, wath the support of the cavalry, de-
feated Wheeler and Smith's Georgia militia, in an engagement
in which the enemy left three hundred dead on the field. That
day the capital of the State of Georgia was occupied by Sherman
without resistance. Governor Brown and the Legislature having
hurriedly left the city. The arsenal and its contents were de-
stroyed. General Sherman made his headquarters in the Execu-
tive Mansion, and a provost guard went on duty to protect pri-
Soldiers True 259
vatc property and preserve order. The State House was an
object of special interest to the soldiers. It had been deserted,
and the legislative chambers were found just as their occupants
had precipitately left them. A crowd of officers and men took
possession of them and organized an impromptu Legislature in
the hall of the House of Representatives. They elected officers
in due form, and promptly introduced, debated, and passed an
act repealing the ordinance of secession and restoring the State
of Georgia to the national Union.
At this point the commanding general issued orders for the
second stage of the march. Millen, which was one hundred miles
eastward, was to be the next objective point. The right wing
was directed to follow the Savannah Railroad by roads parallel
with it, and the left wing was ordered to move, via Sanders-
ville, Davisboro, and Louisville, while the cavalry was to march
swiftly on the north to Millen for the purpose of liberating
the Union prisoners who were confined in a stockade at that
point.
The troops were in a state of sustained elation. They were in
the heart of the South. The country through which they were
passing was the finest they had seen in all their field experience.
It had never before been visited by any army. Its great planta-
tions, stretched in broad fields on every side, picturesque with
their spacious mansions, their servants' quarters, and their cotton
gins. The granaries were filled with corn, sweet potatoes, and
sorghum, and their domestic animals and poultry ofifered them-
selves invitingly. Foraging was simply choosing ; but it was
conducted, almost without exception, in good order and under
the forms of military law. Perhaps no feature of this unique
march has been more misunderstood than this. Sherman once
spoke familiarly and jocularly of his men as "bummers," and
the public leaped to the conclusion that his soldiers became in-
discriminate thieves, and that the march to the sea was charac-
terized by wanton and wholesale pillage. Nothing could be
further from the truth. Acts of personal and unjustifiable depre-
26o Soldiers True
dations may have been committed, but no heinous crimes were
recorded, and the good order of the army as a whole was one
of the marvels of the campaign. The foragers were appointed
as officially as any other detail. They were trustworthy men,
always in command of an officer. They were instructed con-
cerning their work, and reported all their captures to their com-
mands. Lawless foragers would at once have been relieved and
sent back to the ranks, and unsoldierly conduct upon their part
would have been summarily punished. Their work was danger-
ous and required courage and skill, for they were often far be-
yond the lines of the army, in the midst of a hostile people and
in the presence of a scouting enemy. Upon them rested the
responsibility of feeding sixty thousand men. There were times
when they were twenty miles from the marching troops, and they
were often compelled to guard their supplies from cavalry de-
tachments and fight their way back to the lines. Not a few of
them were killed or wounded in this hazardous service. Their
orders were not to strip the poor, but to confiscate to the United
States service, from the rich and well-to-do, such supplies as
were necessary for the use of the army. They were authorized
to take horses, mules, food animals, cereals, and vegetables. Live
stock was driven in on foot, and wagons were furnished for the
other articles. The wagons would often be lined up beside the
corn cribs and filled from their opened sides with scarcely a halt,
or driven to remote places where flour, hams, and sorghum were
hidden, and almost as quickly loaded. Mills were seized and,
turning millers, the resourceful foragers would grind the corn
for their commands. Fine sweet potatoes were abundant, as were
peanuts and sorghum cane, which latter the men chewed in its
green state, and on these and the more substantial accumulations
of this extraordinary commissariat the soldiers lived in luxury.
The men and animals grew sleek and fat, and the prolonged pic-
nic was soon immortalized in Henry C. Work's song, which was
and still is sung more universally than any other war-time
melody :
Soldiers True 261
''Bring the good old bugle, boys, we'll sing another song, —
Sing it with a spirit that will start the world along, —
Sing it as we used to sing it, fifty thousand strong,
While we were marching through Georgia.
Chorus: "Hurrah! hurrah! we bring the juljik-c!
Hurrah! hurrah! the flag that makes you free!
So we sang the chorus from Atlanta to the sea,
While we were marching through Georgia.
"How the darkeys shouted when they heard the joyful sound !
How the turkeys gobbled which our commissary found !
How the sweet potatoes even started from the ground,
While we were marching through Georgia.
"Yes, and there were Union men who wept their joyful tears,
When they saw the honored flag they had not seen for years;
Hardly could they be restrained from breaking forth in cheers.
While we were marching through Georgia.
"'Sherman's dashing Yankee boys will never reach the coast!'
So the saucy rebels said, and 'twas a handsome boast;
Had they not forgot, alas ! to reckon with their host,
While we were marching through Georgia?
''So we made a thoroughfare for Freedom and her train.
Sixty miles in latitude, three hundred to the main ;
Treason fled before us, for resistance was in vain.
While we were marching through Georgia."
The first foraging party from the regiment was sent out the
tliird day from Atlanta. It was in charge of Captain WilHam L.
Patterson, one of the most trustworthy of all the officers. He
returned late in the evening with a farm wagon heaped with
sweet potatoes and drawn by a yoke of oxen. The potatoes were
the first the men had seen, and were eagerly enjoyed. The oxen
became beeves. Later First Lieutenant Andrew 'SI. Tracy and
a detail of eighteen men were made the permanent foragers of
the regiment, and they remained on this duty through both the
Savannah and Carolina campaigns.
No more impressive spectacle was witnessed on this march
than the attitude of the colored people toward the army and the
262 Soldiers True
nation. The movement was through the midst of the great
black belt. So complete had been the exodus of white men into
the military service of the South that only the very old and the
very young remained with the women. The whole land seemed
to be inhabited by negroes, and the appearance of the army in-
spired them with a profound religious sentiment and awakened
in them the most extraordinary religious emotion. These meek
people had not only heard of the Emancipation Proclamation,
they had evidently dreamed of liberty in secret all their lives, and
the presence of the Northern army was to them the appearance
of legions of the Lord of Hosts for their deliverance. They
thronged the line of march wide-eyed and wondering. The men
doffed their hats and bowed down to the ground before the sol-
diers. Some fell on their knees in prayer. Women lifted their
babes in arms that they might kiss their hands to the passing
ranks. Shouts of "Glory to God !" and "Bless the Lord !" went
up. If the colors were unfurled they would gently touch the flag
or kiss it reverently. One old patriarch, with white hair framing
his serious ebony face, turned away from a prolonged gaze at
General Sherman, exclaiming with the utmost solemnity, 'T have
seen the Great Messiah and the army of the Lord." Another, as
the general sat by his camp fire in the evening, approached him
with a lighted candle and peered into his countenance, as he
might have looked upon an angel from heaven, and said: "Is
you Massa Sherman?"
'T am," replied the general. "What do you want?"
"Jest to knoiv if it's so!" he answered, and hobbling away he
murmured, "There'll be no sleep for dis nigger dis night."
His dream of freedom was for the first time realized, and he
trembled with emotion like a man shaking with ague.
As Geary's division one day had halted for a few moments
and was lying beside the road a peculiar sound was heard in the
distance, and a solitary colored man of middle age was seen leap-
ing and gesticulating. When he came nearer it was noticed that
he was in a frenzy of excitement. Perspiration was strea,ming
Soldiers True 263
from every pore, his eyes rolled, tears trickled down his dust-
covered face. He was wholly oblivious to the thousands of men
who were looking" at him amazed from the roadside, and he heard
none of the chaffing that saluted him. He was neither drunk nor
crazy. He had met the general and the flag at the head of the
column, and for the first time in his life he felt himself to be a free
man. His crude soul was trying to praise God for a joy that he
did not know how to express.
In their deep and childlike gratitude these humlile people were
proud to offer any service to the soldiers. They would risk their
lives to aid them, and would give them the food from their mouths
or the garments from their backs. One old negro met a forager
whom the author knows well. The soldier's shoes were worn out,
and the poor old slave noticed it. Stooping down, he removed
his own shoes and handed them to the boy in blue. The soldier
refused them, but the old man gently laced them on his exposed
feet and said :
"Massa soldier boy, you can't fight widout no shoes. Dem's
yoiir shoes, dey ain't mine. Soldier, honey, doan't you know dat
I'se glad to go barefooted to help you fight de battle of freedom ?"
So it was through three States. Every black face was the
face of a friend, every black hand was wide open with the proffer
of its little all, every black man's heart was an altar of prayer
for the cause of the nation, every black man's poor cabin was a
city of refuge to a hunted or imperiled Union soldier. And this,
not that these people were false or unfriendly to their old mas-
ters, but that their human souls were responding with a higher
devotion to the gift of the dearest right of life — a man's right
to himself. It was a scene the like of which had not been wit-
nessed since Moses gave deliverance to Israel. A race was
emerging from a long night of bondage into the daybreak of
liberty.
By this time the Confederate authorities were in hysterics at
Sherman's march. Hardee, who was a native of Georgia, was
detached from Hood's army and sent to organize a force to resist
264 Soldiers True
him. Beauregard and the Georgian delegation in the Richmond
Congress issued passionate appeals to the people of that State to
starve Sherman's troops by destroying or obstructing all roads
on his front, flank, and rear, and by removing all negroes, stock,
and provisions from his line of march. The entire white popula-
tion of the commonwealth was called to arms. The governor
and the Legislature joined in the cry for help. Cadets from the
military school responded, and even prisoners from the peniten-
tiaries were liberated and sent into the field to reinforce the
militia and such other detachments as Hardee was bringing to-
gether. The only result, so far as Sherman's army knew^ was
that occasionally the cavalry or foragers would encounter a
decrepit old man with a gun on his shoulder and capture him
with the inquiry :
"Hello, grandpop, where are you going?"
"I'm goin' to stop Sherman," he Avould reply, at which the
soldiers would laugh and take away his gun, and after making
him sign a parole would send him home, as they told him, "to
smoke his pipe."
Or, perhaps, a cadet would fall into their hands, and they would
remark :
"Hand over that gun, sonny. It might go off and hurt you.
Just w^ite your name on this little paper, and then run home and
tell your mother she wants you."
On November 24 the march from Milledgeville to Millen was
begun, on the route already indicated. Geary's division foimd a
good but hilly road and, delayed by trains, made only fourteen
miles. The next day it reached Buffalo Creek, the first of a series
of extensive marshes that are numerous in this part of the State,
and which somewhat impeded progress. Where the road crosses
this creek there are no less than eight channels, separated by wide
and deep swamps. The bridges were destroyed, and the ap-
proaches were commanded by earthworks defended by Wheeler's
cavalry. The enemy were driven out of these works, and the
bridges were quickly repaired by the engineers, and exchanging
Soldiers True 265
shots with the retiring cavah-ynien, the coniniand crossed in dark-
ness and camped one and a half miles beyond, having marched
during the day hut nine miles. On the following morning the
First Division continued to drive Wheeler, Geary following, who,
leaving his trains at Sandersville, moved to the Central Railroad
at Tenville Station, where he destroyed the rails and cami)e(l — a
distance of thirteen miles. Here four miles of track were torn
up, and the command advanced twelve miles to Davisboro. Near
this place is a vast dismal morass — the beginning of the Okefino-
kee marshes — known as the Williamson Swamp. Its margins
are soft and treacherous, and the stream crosses and recrosses
it. The railroad through it is an embankment from six to ten
feet high built on made ground, the track being laid on ties and
string timl)ers. The road was destroyed during a skirmish with
Ferguson's cavalry that continued four and a half hours, in which
one man was wounded, four foragers were captured, and three
of the enemy were killed. West of the swamp, about noon, a
squad of men were roasting a goose on the destroyed track
where the wagon road crosses it. On a rise in the road, just be-
yond, a few of the enemy's cavalry saw them, and, supposing
them to be alone, they dashed down the hill firing their carbines,
scattering the soldiers' camp fire, and rolling the goose in the dust.
The shots were at once returned by men wdiom the cavalrymen
had not seen, and they wheeled and galloped up the hill faster
than they came down. It was not easy to determine which party
was the most surprised, the men who lost their coveted dinner,
or the horsemen who without suspecting it ran into a whole
brigade of soldiers. In the evening the division returned to
Davisboro, having covered fifteen miles.
On the 29th the command moved out of the swampy region to
a beautiful country on the Louisville road, where it was greeted
by large, well-cultivated plantations, and a broad, level highway
over which it marched during the day twenty-one miles. The
next day it repaired the partly burned bridge over the Ogeechee
River and camped two and a half miles south of Louisville on a
266 Soldiers True
high hill from which a charming prospect was revealed. The
distance gained was ten miles. On December i it marched thir-
teen miles, again through swamps, crossing several creeks, and
encamped near Bark Camp Church. The people were found to
be following the advice of their authorities in removing and se-
creting their stock and supplies, and foraging was becoming more
laborious and difficult. The next day the division, which was
still in advance of the corps, passed over a low dividing water-
shed toward Buck Head Creek, where it found and drove ofif the
enemy's pickets, and after the engineers had repaired the bridge
it crossed and camped near a church named for the creek, and on
the following afternoon it halted within five miles of Millen.
Camp was pitched near the military prison, and the men were
greatly disappointed to find that the three thousand Union sol-
diers who were confined in it had been removed before Kil-
patrick's arrival. The prison was an open stockade, eight hun-
dred yards square, containing about fifteen acres. Its wall was
eighteen feet high, built of heavy pine logs and surmounted by
sentry boxes. Thirty feet inside the wall ran the "dead line,"
made of scantling laid on low posts. Between this fence and the
wall — the only place where shade could be had — prisoners were
not permitted to go, on pain of being shot by the guards. A
small stream flowed through the eastern part of the inclosure.
The air within the stockade was still foul, although the place was
empty. There were no buildings except a few rude huts which
the prisoners themselves had contrived to set up. In one of these
the unburied bodies of three Union soldiers were found, who were
probably left there, sick and helpless, to die. And just outside
the wall was a long trench marked with the significant words,
"650 buried here."
The march was resumed in the afternoon, by the four main
roads, and the division crossed the railroad three miles north of
the town. The track had been destroyed and the ties were still
burning. A short distance beyond another great swamp was en-
countered that threatened for a time to halt the trains. The
Soldiers True 267
water, in places, was higher than the beds of the wagons, and the
smaller mules were almost submerged. The teams could not
move the loads, and the entire division was detailed to help them
across the miry morass. One hundred wagons were apportioned
to each brigade, and these were divided, again, among the regi-
ments, and the patient mules and the weary soldiers labored the
night through, in tugging and lifting the stalled train toward
solid ground. The troops in the rear reached camp on Big Horse
Creek in the morning just in time to march. Ten miles had been
made. At seven-thirty the line was again in motion and ad-
vanced to Crooked Run, beyond wdiich point the road through
the swamp was corduroyed. Camp was pitched at eleven-thirty
at night one mile beyond the stream, and but four miles had been
gained. The weather was good, and the swamp water was sweet,
clear, and cool. The men preferred it to that of the wells, and
used it freely for cooking and bathing.
On December 5 Little Horse Creek, the south fork of the Lit-
tle Ogeechee, and the Little Ogeechee River were crossed, much
of the road being corduroyed through the interminable swamps.
Twelve miles w^ere marched over a poor country, and a large
sawmill was destroyed. The following day for part of the dis-
tance corduroy roads were necessary, across another but smaller
marsh, but later the road became dry and good. The foragers
were more successful, and seven miles were marched. The morn-
ing of the 7th was rainy and a succession of almost impassable
swamps appeared in which twenty-four wagons sunk to their
beds, mules were nearly drowned, and the division again had to
come to their relief. All the teams came safely through, and
crossing Turkey Creek the command reached firm ground and
camped within a half mile of Springfield, having marched fifteen
miles. Taking the advance on the 8th the march was through
magnificent pine forests and past good plantations toward Mon-
teith. Abundant supplies were found, and thirteen miles were
made. The next day at Monteith the most formidable swamp of
all was found. It was two miles in width where the road crossed,
268 Soldiers True
and throughout this distance the enemy had felled timber upon
the wagon way. He had also constructed two redoubts flanked
by rifle pits to command the road, and in the former were two
field pieces so posted as to rake the swamp. He was driven away,
and the division halted on dry ground halfway across the morass,
where it bivouacked under a clear sky. The distance marched
was six miles.
On December lo the division was the rear guard of the corps
and had the custody of the trains. It moved at ten o'clock on a
broad and level road to Monteith Station, on the Charleston Rail-
road, ten miles from Savannah, and destroyed the track. In the
afternoon it took the Augusta road toward Savannah, and de-
veloped the enemy in his works three miles from the city. Camp
was made at Five ^Mile Post, the trains were parked in woods to
the rear, and the siege of Savannah was begun. Hardee was in
the city with McLaws's division and such other troops as he had
been able to rally, and with a strong line of defense, strengthened
by siege gims, he felt prepared to defend it.
On some of the approaching roads the enemy had placed
sunken percussion shells, so arranged that a marching soldier's
foot would explode them. Two days before the foot of a regi-
mental officer in the right wing had been blown off by one of
these hidden missiles, and Sherman had compelled certain prison-
ers to hunt for such as might remain, under direction of the
provost guard. They begged hard to be excused, but were forced
to test the safety of the road in advance of the troops, with pick
and shovel, and the soldiers were as much amused as the prison-
ers were dismayed by this delicate work.
All the corps were up on the loth, and were placed promptly in
position around the north, west, and south of the city, the Fif-
teenth on the right, and the Seventeenth, Twentieth, and Four-
teenth connecting in order. Kilpatrick was sent south of the
Ogeechee to open communication with the fleet, and Howard
dropped a scout and two men down the river in a canoe on the
same errand. Fort McAllister, below the cit}-, was handsomely
Soldiers True 269
carried by assault by ilazcn's division of the Fifteenth Corps on
the afternoon of the 13th. Sherman personally put off to Ad-
miral Porter's flagship, and arranged for cooperation up the
(Jgeechcc on the part of the navy, and dispatched to the War
Department the news of his safe arrival. The investment was
complete except on the north, where Hardee held a plank road
that led out toward South Carolina.
By a reconnoisance under Colonel Barnum, commanding the
Third Brigade, Geary developed his line to the river at a point
opposite Hutchinson's Island. His line, except the left, was con-
cealed in a woods, and fronted flooded rice fields and the canal,
beyond which were the enemy's redoubts and infantry intrench-
ments. Barnum held the left resting on the river, with Jones in
his rear and Pardee, with the First Brigade, along the Augusta
road. Williams's First Division connected with Geary on the
right. Two hundred and fifty yards in front of Barnum, on the
river bank, was a fort containing seven guns, and at close inter-
vals were three others. On the island were extensive rice fields
and a large rice mill. Captain \"eale, of the division staff, passed
over to the island in a canoe and personally reconnoitered it, with
the result that a detachment was landed and held it. At high
water the enemy's gunboats appeared on the farther side of the
island and shelled the line, and a sunken battery was constructed
and occupied by three guns from Sloan's battery, which com-
manded the river and held the gunboats off. The heavy
ordnance of the enemy and his sharpshooters kept up a per-
sistent fire on the whole line, but without much damage. Three
forts were erected by the brigades in the first line within two
hundred and fifty yards of the enemy's works, and the roads in
the rear were corduroyed. Food supplies became exhausted, and
the men were reduced to a diet of rice with occasional beef and
coffee. A rice mill on the Coleraine plantation, three miles up
the river, was worked to its full capacity, in addition to the one
on the island, the straw being fed to the animals, and yet the
supply was inadequate. The men personally searched such stacks
270 Soldiers True
of rice straw as were left, and found and hulled rice by hand for
food. An hour's work would yield scarcely a handful of the
grain. This they boiled and ate without salt, or with the scanty
drippings of the sorghum that could be squeezed from their
canteens.
On the 15th the New York papers were received, and on the
17th the first mail since leaving Atlanta was delivered. On the
19th preparations began for a direct assault of the enemy's works
in the division front. It was not an alluring prospect, as the
ground was covered with water, part of which was in a canal five
feet deep, and was fully commanded by artillery and musket
range. But straw fascines were made to fill up the dykes, and
balks and bamboo fascines were prepared to bridge the canal,
and by the evening of the 20th the men were ready for the
hazardous attempt. That evening the enemy was heard building
a l)ridge two and a half miles in Geary's rear on the South Caro-
lina side of the river, and later in the night his troops and trains
were heard crossing upon it. At three o'clock in the morning
picket firing ceased on the front. Geary's pickets at once ad-
vanced and found the line in front of the corps, with all its heavy
guns, deserted. Skirmishers were deployed who covered the
whole ground between the evacuated works and the Ogeechee
canal and river, to the Augusta road. The division was put in
motion by the flank and marched rapidly to the Augusta road
and toward the city, Barnum's brigade in advance in the follow-
ing order: the One Hundred and Second, One Hundred and
Forty-ninth, and One Hundred and Thirty-seventh New York,
the Twenty-ninth and One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania,
and the Sixtieth New York Regiments. A half mile from the
junction of the Augusta road and the Charleston Railroad Col-
onel Barnum received the surrender of the city of Savannah from
its mayor and a delegation of aldermen. He hurried his brigade
forward into the city and to the Exchange, where it was drawn
up in line of battle, and the colors of the several regiments, to-
gether with the headquarters flag of the White Star Division,
Soldiers True 271
were massed un tlie balcony precisely at six o'clock, and as the
sun rose a little later it saluted the glorious banner of the re-
public from the Custom House, for the first time in nearly
four years.
In precisely five weeks the most daringly conceived and most
easily executed campaign of the civil war was thus brought to
its triumphant termination. That Hardee's army was not cap-
tured with the city it defended was a matter of much regret,
but the substantial fruits of the march to the sea were notwith-
standing very great. A path nearly sixty miles wide had been
hewni through the heart of the Confederacy, its granary had been
despoiled, its self-confidence had been shaken, its colored race
had been inspired with a great, substantial hope, and a conquer-
ing army at whose head was a great general had been placed in
the rear of its last formidable force. From the mountains of Ten-
nessee the valiant Sherman had corralled the military power of
the insurgent South on the Atlantic seaboard, between South
Carolina and Virginia. He presented the city of Savannah, with its
vast stores, to the President of the United States as a "Christmas
gift." The decisive victory of Thomas over Hood at Nashville a
few days earlier fitly completed the remarkable campaign begun
eight months before, and the American people celebrated the
happiest New Year they had known since the firing on Fort
Sumter.
The casualties in the whole army between Atlanta and Savan-
nah were only one thousand three hundred and thirty-eight,
nearly one half of whom were prisoners who were picked up by
the way. Geary's division reported a loss of one hundred and
fourteen, and the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment suffered
the loss of but one man. Private Thomas Brown, who was
wounded on the morning of December 21.
The Congress of the United States passed a joint resolution in
which it was declared "that the thanks of the people and the
Congress of the United States are due and are hereby tendered
to Major General William T. Sherman, and through him to the
18
272 Soldiers True
officers and men under his command, for their gallantry and good
conduct in their late campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and
the triumphant march thence through Georgia to Savannah, ter-
minating in the capture and occupation of that city ; and that the
President cause a copy of this joint resolution to be engrossed
and forwarded to Major General Sherman. Approved, January
10, 1865."
Soldiers True 273
CHAPTER XIV
The March Through the Carolinas
SiW'ANNAH was and is a quaint and beautiful city.
Eighteen miles from the sea, it lies on the right bank of
the river that bears its name and is forty feet above it. In
December, 1864, it contained about twenty thousand inhabitants.
Its water front was lined with warehouses, and on the low, dry
bluff above them the city stretched away toward the adjacent rice
fields. The streets were wide and regular, and were shaded with
great live oaks shrouded with drooping moss. The public build-
ings were good, and the commodious residences were set in neat,
well-shaded lawns, and amid flowers, some of which were in
bloom even in midwinter. Small parks pleasantly broke the in-
tersecting avenues. The Pulaski monument, commemorating the
services of the young Polish officer who fell mortally wounded
while fighting in the American army in the Revolutionary battle
of October 9, 1779, the pleasure ground beyond it, and the lovely
Bonaventura Cemetery in the outskirts, are among the most in-
teresting local features. The whole city has a venerable and
reposeful atmosphere, and its proximity to the sea affords it a
salubrious and healthful climate, notwithstanding the lowlands
behind it.
The people were astounded and terrified at the entrance of
the Union army. The Southern press had represented Sherman's
hosts as a pack of human wolves, vindictive and cruel, who spared
neither age nor sex in their remorseless vandalism, and the city
shuddered in fear of their inhuman excesses. But they found at
once that these reports were groundless, and that they had noth-
ing to fear. A few of the more irreconcilable wished to leave,
and some two hundred of these were sent under flag of truce to
Charleston, one hundred and four miles distant, but within
274 Soldiers True
twenty-four hours the community settled down la security.
General Hardee commended his brother, a Savannah merchant,
to General Sherman's protection, the wife of one of Hood's corps
commanders appealed to him, together with some others who had
near relatives in the hostile army, and all of them were speedily
convinced that they had nothing to fear. Churches, schools,
stores, and hotels were reopened, the women baked and sold bread
to the soldiers, and perfect order prevailed.
Brigadier General Geary was brevetted major general, and
placed in command of the city. Colonel Barnum, who received
the brevet of brigadier general, was appointed provost marshal,
and his whole brigade was detailed as provost guard. Private
property was everywhere protected, and it has been said that the
city was never so well governed, before or since, as while the
army remained. An entire warehouse full of rice was turned
over to the mayor, who took its contents north, exchanged them
for other food commodities, and distributed these gratuitously to
the needy. Rations were also issued to the destitute, and no
necessary suffering was permitted. The chief engineer of the
army sO' re-formed and strengthened the defenses of the city that
a small garrison could hold it safely, and the quartermaster's and
commissary's departments amply supplied the army with clothing
and rations. Within a few days all were outfitted and well fed,
and the famine that accompanied the siege was forgotten.
The One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment was
encamped in the city and had charge of that part of it which was
officially known as "Sub-District No. Two," and which was
bounded on the north by South Broad Street, on the south by
Jones Street, on the east by Bull Street, and on the west by West
Broad Street. This territory it patrolled day and night. Some
changes had occurred and others were soon to occur among its
officers. Surgeon Oliver had been discharged for disability on
July 13; Adjutant Boyle had been promoted to captain and as-
sistant quartermaster, and First Sergeant Albert G. Lucas had
succeeded him ; the gallant Captain Warner, of Company B, had
Soldiers Tuue 275
been compelled to resign because of ill health in March ; Second
Lieutenant George Selkregg, of Company F, had been promoted
to captain of Company A on November i, and First Lieutenant
William C. Hay, of Company C, \vas mustered as captain of Com-
pany H on January 17, 1865; Captain Patterson, of Company E,
was detailed as acting commissary of subsistence for the brigade.
On December 16, fiye days before the capture of Savannah,
Sherman received a letter from General Grant which, if it had
not been subsequently revoked, would have changed the former's
whole plan of campaign and the final scenes of the war. In it
Sherman was directed to establish a firm base on the coast in the
vicinity of Savannah, and, leaving all of his artillery and cavalry
there, was ordered to transfer his entire infantry force, by sea, to
City Point, A^irginia, with which tremendous reinforcement
Grant proposed to overwhelm Lee and end the rebellion. These
instructions disconcerted Sherman, for he greatly desired to
capture Savannah and then march north through South and
North Carolina, destroying the important railroads, breaking the
forces that could be brought into the field against him, and finally
wedging Lee's army between Grant and himself like a thumb in
the clutch of a vise. He, however, yielded to General Grant's sug-
gestion, as he did always to his superiors, and at once took
measures to make Fort McAllister the proposed base. In his
reply to Grant he w^ent so far as to state his preference and out-
line his ])lan for the Carolina march, and shortly afterward, much
to his delight, he heard, first from Halleck and later from Grant
himself, that he might march north from Savannah as he pro-
posed. He immediately prepared for his third campaign since
leaving Chattanooga, by sending the Seventeenth Corps, under
General Blair, by sea to Beaufort, South Carolina, and thence by
land to Pocataligo, twenty-five miles inland, where the right wing
was ordered to concentrate. The left wing, under Slocum, was
instructed to follow two divisions of the Twentieth Corps to
Hardeesville and Purysburg, also on the South Carolina side, and
from these points to begin the great northern march. All was
2/6 Soldiers Tkue
ready by January i8, when the worst rainstorm of the winter set
in, which flooded the country and delayed the movement for two
weeks. Rain fell steadily for five days, when the weather cleared
off cold. On the 26th Geary received orders to move via Sister's
Ferry, thirty-eight miles north on the Savannah River, following
the Fourteenth Corps.
On that day Brevet Brigadier General Barnum commanded the
Third Brigade of the White Star Division. Lieutenant Colonel
Walker was absent on leave of absence, and for the first time in
its history the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment entered the
field without him. Captain William J. Alexander, of Company
D, was in command. The brigade strength, present for duty,
was one thousand six hundred and forty-six. The division had
in line five thousand three hundred and twenty-two men. Its
train consisted of one hundred and fifty-nine wagons, thirty-three
ambulances, and two hundred and thirty-four pack mules — thir-
teen for each regiment. Each brigade had a pioneer corps of
thirty men and one tool wagon. The troops carried three days'
rations and forty rounds of ammunition per man, and seven days'
forage was packed. Sloan's battery and two regiments of the
First Division were also attached to the division.
At eight o'clock on the morning of January 2y the command
moved out from the city by the Augusta road as a guard to all
the trains of the left wing. The ground was frozen, but the
heavy wagons soon broke it up and the road became wet and
heavy. Twelve miles were covered, and on the following day a
march of fourteen miles, over a road that required occasional
corduroying, brought the division to Springfield. The next day
Jack's and Ebenezer Creeks were forded, a swamp was laid with
corduroy, and camp was made three miles from Sister's Ferry.
The approaches to the Ferry were through a wide swamp, which,
of course, had to be conduroyed. Torpedoes were found planted
in the road, some of which were exploded and others removed.
Beyond the river, on the South Carolina side, the lowlands were
submerged for two miles, the water in some places being ten or
Soldiers True 277
twelve feet deep. Rain set in, and the column halted for three
days before it became possible to cross the river. On the evening
of February 3 Kilpatrick's cavalry went over on the long and
frail pontoon, and at daylight on the 4th Geary forced his trains
over the submerged corduroy that he had laid through the swamp,
and crossed the river. Rations were issued, and the wagons were
refilled at a temporary depot two miles above the bridge, and a
strong detail w^as set at work corduroying the road through the
vast swamp that threatened to engulf the wagons. Barnum's
brigade was left with the trains at the edge of this morass, and
the remainder of the division reached Robertsville at night, nine
miles from its last camp. Fifteen hundred men were detailed the
next morning to fell timber and lay down a road across the
swamp which would be firm enough for the wagons, and by noon
the trains were rolling and pitching their way through like ships
in a heavy sea, their teams wet to the ears. Beyond this morass,
which is known as Black Swamp, the roads were fairly good, and
nine miles were made. At Trowell's farm, eight miles from
Robertsville, the bodies of three Union soldiers were found, who
had been wantonly shot by Wheeler's cavalry. Trowell was ar-
rested as an accessory to their murder, and his house was burned.
The weather on the 6th was warm with rain in the evening, and
the column passed through Lawtonville and toward Beech
Branch, where it camped near a country store. The soil was
found to be light and sandy, except near the creeks, which gen-
erally in this whole section of the State flowed through marshy
bottoms, but the planters had for the most part abandoned the
farms. Foraging was difficult, and it was found necessary to
mount the details who were charged with collecting supplies, and
to organize them under brigade officers. From this time on the
foragers were in reality a body of irregular cavalry mounted on
horses and mules, who scoured the country for miles in advance
and on the flanks of the marching columns. They were almost
always beyond all pickets, were constantly exposed, were fre-
quently engaged with the enemy's cavalry, and were sometimes
278 Soldiers True
captured or killed. They became expert in discovering provisions
which were hidden in swamps, buried in the fields, concealed in
garrets, and even stored away in beds ; and when they had loaded
their pack mules or wagons with supplies they hunted their com-
mands at night, and turned over their stores to the quartermaster
for issue to the hungry and always expectant soldiers. They
found much dissatisfaction with the authorities and the war
among the poorer people, and very often supplied needy families
with the food they confiscated from their richer neighbors. Many
of the people seemed helpless and dispirited, and nearly all sub-
mitted to the hard spoliations of war with pathetic resignation.
The foragers earned the gratitude of not a few by receiving and
mailing letters to soldier relatives who were confined in military
prisons in the North.
On the night of February 6 and all the next day a heavy rain
fell and the weather was cold. The command moved at eight
o'clock, and at midday reached the Coosawhatchie Swamp. It
was three hundred yards wide, had no bridge, and the water lay
three and a half feet deep over a treacherous bottom of quick-
sand. Six hundred men were detailed to corduroy a track for the
wagons, and during four hours they worked waistdeep in the
chilling and muddy lake, pinning the logs down under water. On
this rickety and submerged roadbed one half of the trains crossed
in a drenching rain that evening. New details labored until
morning to keep the sinking and swaying corduroy track from
collapsing, and by daylight all the wagons were over and the men
were benumbed and exhausted. The distance made was six and
one half miles.
On the 8th the weather was clear and cold, and the command
moved at six o'clock for Beaufort's Bridge on the Big Salkehat-
chee River. The crossing at this bridge is a succession of twenty-
three small bridges with causeways between them, in all more
than a half mile in length. The stream was deep and swampy,
and from the north side the road was commanded by a line of
rifle pits and four embrasures. The crossing was eflfected in
Soldiers True 279
safety, and during the day fourteen miles were covered. The
cold weather continued, and a slight snowfall occurred on the
next day. The troops were on the road at daybreak, and marched
toward Blackville through a well-cultivated country. For the
first time since leaving Savannah the forage was plentiful, and
some of the foragers went as far as Uarnwell. The division ad-
vanced eighteen miles, and one mile from Blackville rejoined the
corps and bivouacked at three o'clock. Here the whole army
concentrated along the South Carolina Railroad, which connected
Charleston and Augusta. In his Memoirs General Sherman re-
lates that he had expected a determined resistance at this point,
as the road was of great importance to the enemy. Howard, on
the 7th, was with the Seventeenth Corps, watching it deploy into
line cautiously, anticipating each moment that he would develop
the enemy's works. As he watched he saw a man gallop toward
him from the front. He was mounted on a horse that had on his
head a rope halter and was caparisoned only with an army
blanket. The rider was a forager, who shouted, "Hurry up,
General ! We have got the railroad !" A squad of foragers had
done the business. Two days were spent in destroying the track
and in repairing the roads.
Orders were issued here to march on Orangeburg, on the
Edisto River, and on Columbia, the State capital, Kilpatrick being
directed to feint toward Aiken and Augusta. On February 12
Geary moved on the Columbia road toward Jeffcoat's bridge.
Near the crossing of the Ninety-six road he met and drove away
a small cavalry force, and, reaching the North Edisto River,
found the bridge burned and the enemy holding the opposite
bank. The approach to the river was through a dense growth of
tangled vines and across the inevitable swamp, which continued
on the farther side of the deep stream. Posted beyond this marsh
the enemy had two pieces of artillery from which he was dis-
charging shells and canister. The narrow causeway was the only
road to the river, and the swamp on each side of it was too deep
to be waded. Our skirmishers, however, pushed up to the bank,
28o Soldiers True
and covered the First Michigan Engineers as they began to repair
the bridge. By one o'clock in the morning the work was com-
pleted, and at daylight the division was across, and after two
lively skirmishes drove the enemy from its front. Halting a few
minutes for breakfast, it advanced until eleven o'clock at night,
over a rolling and hilly country, where it camped with the rear of
the trains, having made thirteen miles. The total casualties at
Jeflfcoat's bridge were thirteen, of whom three men were killed.
On the 14th the division proceeded toward Columbia, until the
Lexington road was reached, when it moved toward the latter
point and camped at the intersection of this and the Columbia and
Augusta roads, having marched seventeen miles. The following
morning it moved in advance toward Lexington. Near Congaree
Creek the enemy's cavalry was encountered and driven across,
and throughout the day skirmishing continued almost without
intermission. At Red Bank Creek the retreating enemy was
unable to find the bridge before our advance was upon him, and
at a crossroads two miles from Lexington he w^as finally dispersed
toward Columbia in confusion. At four o'clock Bamum's bri-
gade, with Stephens's batter}-, drove the final remnant of the
opposing cavalry from Lexington and occupied the town without
loss. Private property was protected and no damage w^as done.
Rain had fallen all day, and eleven and one half miles were
marched.
The next day the division had charge of the corps trains and
moved at ten o'clock on the Two Xotch road toward Columbia.
It crossed a new railroad on which work had recently been done,
capturing a large quantity of tools, and camped four and one
half miles from the city. On the morning of the 17th the pontoon
across the Broad River was laid, the Fifteenth Corps passed over,
and the mayor of the capital of South Carolina surrendered the
city to Stone's brigade. In the market place a pile of cotton bales
which had been fired by the enemy's cavalrs^ before they retreated
was burning, and from these started a conflagration that laid a
good part of the city in ruins. Sherman was afterward charged
Sor.Dii'.KS TkuI': 281
with having intentionally destroyed the city, but the facts are that
the fire was started before his troops entered it, and that they
worked hard to extinguish it. A high wind was blowing at the
time, and the flames could not be controlled. As General Sher-
man entered the city a number of escaped Union prisoners joy-
fully made themselves known to him, and one of them, an officer,
handed him a paper on which was written a song which this
officer had composed and which he and his fellow-captives had
been accustomed to sing during their incarceration. He was
Adjutant Byers, of the Fifth Iowa, and the song was the famous
lyric entitled "Sherman's March to the Sea," and beginning:
"Our camp fires shone bright on the mountain,
That frowned on the river below."
An establishment for the printing of Confederate money was
found in the city. Great sheets of this currency passed into the
hands of the soldiers, who spent it and gambled with it like
sporting millionaires. This printing house, the foundries of the
city, and the arsenal were destroyed. In the arsenal a great
quantity of shells and powder were discovered, and were ordered
to be thrown into the river. As this was being done one per-
cussion shell fell on another, and an explosion followed that set
fire to some spilled powder and blew up the wagons containing
the bulk of the ordnance, killing sixteen men.
On February 18 Hardee evacuated Charleston, which was at
once occupied by General Foster, and on the 22d General Terry
captured Wilmington, North Carolina. Hardee hastened to
Cheraw, and shortly afterward General Joseph E. Johnston was
recalled to the field and took command of all the troops the Con-
federate authorities were concentrating in Sherman's front. The
possession of Charleston produced a happy moral effect through-
out the North, and the rumors that reached Sherman of the fall
of Wilmington greatly encouraged that commander.
Geary's division marched out from its camp near Columbia on
the morning of the 17th to Leaphart's Mill, on Twelve Mile
282 Soldiers True
Creek, where he found the Fourteenth Corps en route to the
Saluda River. As that corps had the right of way, he camped on
the creek, making but five and one half miles. The next morning
at eleven o'clock he crossed on pontoons at Hart's Ferry, and led
the corps to Freshly's Mills, on the Broad River, near the mouth
of the Wateree. The weather was delightful, the roads were
good, but the distance covered was only eight miles. On the 20th
he crossed the Broad River at Freshly's Mills by pontoons, and
moved toward Winnsboro. A little distance beyond the river he
passed the Abbeville Railroad, and striking through an unfre-
quented wood road he forded Little River, and found the main
highway and pressed on over a good, rolling country, yielding
abundant supplies, to within nine miles of ^^'innsboro, a short
march of seven miles. On the following morning at eleven o'clock
he occupied the town, in which a fire was raging. In double time
two regiments were hurried forward, and arrested the flames
after one block of buildings had been consumed. Pardee's bri-
gade entered and maintained order in the tOAvn, which was a
pretty village of twenty-five hundred inhabitants. Wade Hamp-
ton, who had just retired, had given the burgess a note pledging
safety to any guard that might be left after the Union troops de-
parted, and Gear}' detailed two mounted men to remain and pro-
tect the village against stragglers until the entire column had
passed through. Butler's cavalry appeared before these guards
were relieved, and showed them much courtesy, and the citizens
were' profuse in their gratitude. They rejoined the command on
the following day. IMany refugees from Charleston were in the
town.
In this interval Geary's other brigades were tearing up the
railroad toward White Oak Station. On the night of the 22d the
division encamped at Wateree Church,, seven miles from Winns-
boro. The next morning it marched for Rocky Mount Post
Office, on the Catawba River, where a difficult and toilsome night
crossing was eflFected. The river is two hundred and fifty yards
wide, and is approached from a steep hill, the road down which
Soldiers True 283
was made miry and treacherous by falling" rain. The night was
as black as a pocket, and it was found necessary to detail the en-
tire division to help the trains across. Twelve men were assigned
to each wagon, and with great labor managed to bring all but
eighty-five of the vehicles over before morning. Kilpatrick's
cavalry were crossing at the same time, and their presence de-
layed and complicated the labor. The weary troops finally camped
three miles from the river at Hanging Rock Post Office, having
marched seventeen miles. The heavy rain continued to fall for
forty-eight hours, and the road beyond the river was corduroyed
along the whole line of march, for four miles. The surface soil
was underlaid with quicksand, and for an animal to step off the
narrow corduroy was for him to be mired to his body. This
place takes its name from a gigantic bowlder that projects from
the hillside above the stream. The command remained here until
the morning of the 26th, when it moved at seven o'clock in rear
of the corps and in charge of the trains. It was necessary to
corduroy two thirds of the road. On the 27th it crossed the
creek by a good ford and camped three miles farther on at Rail-
ing's farm, and on the 28th it crossed Little Lynch's Creek, cor-
duroying the road as it went, and camped near Clayburne's store,
a distance of eight miles. On these creeks were grist mills, which
the foragers seized and used for grinding corn.
The ensuing day was rainy, and the command marched in rear
of the corps twelve miles through a poverty-stricken country in-
habited by "poor whites." It crossed Big Buffalo and Lynch's
Creeks, and did some corduroy work on the seemingly bottom-
less roads. On March 2 it moved east, crossing the Camden and
Chesterfield road, and camped at Big Black Creek, over which a
bridge was being constructed. The day was cold and wet, and
the distance made was six miles. The following day continued
showery, and the division inarched fifteen miles to Chesterfield
Court House, where it bivouacked. The next day it reached the
North Carolina line at Sneedsboro, and Howard "occupied
Cheraw. Here it rested on the 5th, while the pontoon bridge was
284 Soldiers True
being laid across the Great Peclee River. The column reached
Cheraw at twelve-thirty on the 6th, just behind the Fifteenth
Corps, who delayed Geary's crossing till four o'clock. While the
train was passing over the headquarters wagon of the One Hun-
dred and Eleventh Regiment was thrown off the bridge and re-
mained submerged in the river for several hours. All the regi-
mental and company records were in it, and this mishap neces-
sitated later the making of many new books. At Cheraw the
arsenal and a large quantity of ordnance and gunpowder was
destroyed, and it was said that General Blair came upon eight
wagon loads of choice wines which had been sent there from
Charleston for safe-keeping.
At this point First Lieutenant A. M. Tracy, who was in charge
of the regimental foraging detail, by a clever ruse succeeded in
getting far to the front and had some entertaining experiences.
The corps orders were that foragers were to keep behind the ad-
vance of their own corps, but at this time the Twentieth Corps
was in the rear of two others, who left nothing in their wake.
Tracy had his squad of eighteen men remove their badges from
their hats, and fall in, one at a time, with the foragers of the
leading corps as they crossed the river. In this way he and his
party soon outdistanced the others and captured, among other
miscellanies, a hive of bees. They had previously seen a man
come to grief by attempting to transport a prize like this on the
back of an army mule, but Tracy wrapped his hive in a piece of
canvas and lifted it before him on his horse. He was obliged to
ride slowly, and fell behind. Night overtook him, and as he was
helplessly clasping the beehive in his arms a cavalryman ap-
proached him from the front. With some trepidation the lieu-
tenant demanded the stranger's regiment, and was startled when
the answer rang out, "The First Alabama Cavalry.'' But before
any damage was done one of his own men, Tom Ferris, galloped
down the road and with level musket took the stranger in. Tracy
ever after declared that he preferred not to go into action armed
only with a hive of bees. Not long after an old lady attempted
Soldiers True 285
to keep these foragers uut of her house with a broom, and when
they entered, and found in a suspiciously high bed a lot of hams
and other smoked meats carefully concealed, her disgust found
words that exceeded the bounds of politeness. The poor woman's
feelings were intensified by the fact that she had recently received
a letter from her son in Lee's army who avowed his thankfulness
that she lived so far away from the theater of war that she could
never be annoyed by the Union army. In the same neighborhood
Tracy found a forage party making merry over some strong
drink in a large farmhouse. Some of them had dressed them-
selves as women, and a dance was in progress that dismayed the
family. The lieutenant put a sudden end to the carousal and
placed the most uproarious of the dancers under guard. This
restored order, but two members of the household appeared to
be sick in different beds, and Tracy and his men believe to
this day that they were feigning illness in order to protect their
provisions.
Some of these daring foragers entered the town of Rocking-
ham, at this time, and actually drove out Hardee's rear guard,
holding the town until Kilpatrick's cavalry advance arrived.
Among their captures of stock was a beautiful saddle horse
which they turned over to Captain Alexander as a present for
Lieutenant Colonel Walker when he should return, and another
well-bred mare which was given to Captain Boyle. These ani-
mals were afterward appraised and purchased from the govern-
ment. Colonel Walker took his to Erie at the close of the war,
and the other finally became the property of and was used by the
Rev. Dr. John McClintock, president of the Drew Theological
Seminary, at Madison, New Jersey.
From Cheraw the army marched for Fayetteville, on the Cape
Fear River, in three columns, the Seventeenth Corps on the right,
the Fifteenth in the center, and the Fourteenth, followed by the
Twentieth, on the left. The cavalry covered the left flank. Be-
fore leaving Sherman and Howard each sent a trusty scout
toward the Cape Fear with instructions to reach that river and
286 Soldiers True
float down to Wilmington with dispatches for the Union com-
mander. Both of them w'ent through their perilous journey in
safety. On the evening of Alarch 6 Geary followed the Fayette-
ville road six miles to Smith's Mills, on Wolf Creek, where he
halted for the night. Near the Great Pedee River the road was
wet and miry, but two miles beyond it became firm and good.
The weather was fair, and the country poor. Great pine forests
appeared which were devoted to the manufacture of turpentine
and resin. They were charged with the pungent aroma of these
commodities, and were so heavy with smoke that the men soon
took on the appearance of coal-heavers. On the 7th at noon
Station Xo. 103 on the Wilmington, Charlotte, and Rutherford
Railroad was reached, where the tracks, several factories, and
ten thousand barrels of resin were destroyed. The North Caro-
lina line was crossed, and the command halted after marching
thirteen miles. The following day the division had the rear of
the corps, and took the Small Settlement road for McLane's
bridge on the Lumber River, corduroying its path through
marshes and over quicksands in a steady rain, and made seven
miles. The next evening, after a wearing march of twelve miles,
two of which it was obliged to corduroy, the rain still falling, it
arrived at the river and camped. The weather cleared at night,
and by ten-thirty on the ensuing morning the division crossed
and worked its way beyond Buffalo Creek and over swamps until
night, having advanced but three and one half miles.
On the nth Geary received orders to bring forward the entire
corps train to Fayetteville. One thousand wagons were appor-
tioned among his brigades, and with these in the road and the
troops marching as usual by their sides, helping them over
streams and lifting them from miry bogs, an exhausting day was
passed and fifteen miles were covered. At five o'clock the next
morning the command took the plank road for Fayetteville, and
arrived there at one, a distance of thirteen miles, and camped
southw^est of the town. On the previous day Kilpatrick, behind
the Twentieth Corps, had divided his command into two detach-
Soldiers True 287
ments to cover the infantry colnnins tliat were marching on two
roads. Wade Hampton, hurrying to juin Hardee at Fayetteville,
broke through one of these detachments, surrounded Kilpatrick
and his subordinate Spencer in a house, and for a time occu-
pied the brigade camp and held its artillery. Kilpatrick, how-
ever, personally escaped, rallied his fleeing men, recovered his
camp and guns, and drove Hampton from his front, with the
loss of two hundred prisoners and Kilpatrick's own private
horses.
At noon on Sunday, March 12, a tugboat from General Terry,
at Wilmington, arrived at Fayetteville, and for the first time" since
leaving Savannah, six weeks before, communications were opened
with the North. The army was almost destitute of clothing. The
severe marches through rain and swamps had worn out shoes and
reduced other garments to rags, and Sherman ordered up a full
supply of quartermaster's and commissary's stores. There was.
as the event proved, no clothing at Wilmington, and the men
were obliged to wait. Rations, however, were received, and the
wagons were filled. Sherman sent dispatches to Secretary Stan-
ton and Grant reporting all that had been done, and stating that
his forces were in fine condition and would at once push forward
to Goldsboro, where he hoped to form a junction with Schofield,
who was at Newbcrn, and be in position to assist in the final work
which he felt sure was at hand. He completely destroyed the
enlarged and important arsenal at Fayetteville, and disencum-
bered himself of the large number of negroes and refugees who
had sought protection from him, by sending them to Wilmington.
His plan was to press Hardee, who had escaped from his imme-
diate front and burned the bridge across the Cape Fear, beyond
Averysboro, and then moved east by Bentonville for Goldsboro.
He reviewed his army in Fayetteville, and by the 15th was again
on the march, in a drenching rain.
The next day near Averysboro the enemy was found intrenched
in a strong position. The First and Third Divisions of the Twen-
tieth Corps were brought into line in his front, and Kilpatrick
288 Soldiers True
was sent to the right flank. Sherman, in person, ordered a bri-
gade to make a rapid detour to the left and charge the enemy on
that end of his line. The assault was impetuously made, and the
hostile line was swept back, with the loss of more than one hun-
dred killed and an entire brigade and three guns captured. Tlie
next morning Hardee was in full retreat toward Smithfield. The
wounded who were left on the field were cared for by our sur-
geons, the dead were buried, and our own wounded were loaded
in ambulances and wagons, and carried on as comfortably as
possible. The general position of the corps remained as it was
on the march from Cheraw, the left flank being especially well
guarded.
Geary's division was given charge of the corps trains, and on
the 15th moved with them toward Goldsboro, across South River,
followed by the Fourteenth Corps wagons. On that day he or-
ganized all the foragers of his command into a mounted bat-
talion, two hundred and fifty strong, under Major O'Connor, of
the Thirty-third New Jersey. They were ordered to act as
cavalry scouts in addition to their ordinary work, and to press
forward to the river at Graham's or New Bridge, crossing and
holding it. At noon Geary sent forward the First Michigan Engi-
neers and one hundred men from the One Hundred and Eleventh
Pennsylvania, to support O'Connor at the crossing, where the
enemy was intrenched on the opposite bank. In a heavy rain the
command followed closely, and at dark was in position on the
river bank with artillery posted. The plank road, which had been
used for part of the march, had worn out, and the other roads
were miry and had to be corduroyed two thirds of the dis-
tance, so that only one half the train reached camp that night. At
daylight the enemy was gone, and by eleven o'clock the bridge
was repaired. It was sixty yards long and had four spans built
in cribs. The dark, rapid stream beneath it was eighteen feet
deep and rising. The engineers, Barnum's brigade, and Sloan's
battery crossed in advance, and corduroyed the road for five
miles beyond, where a halt for the night was made. All day the
Soldi F.RS True 289
left flank of the slowi}- marching columns had been exposed to
the enemy's fire and the foragers had maintained a brisk skirmish
with his cavalry, dcjing good service. In the evening they were
advanced nearly five miles beyond the camp. The Fifteenth Corps
connected with (lear^'s division, twelve wagons left for loads at
Fayetteville arrived with rations and forage, eighty-five pontoon
wagons were added to the train, and all spare ambulances and
wagons were sent toward Averysboro to be used for the wounded.
The next day the weather cleared, and the Fifteenth Corps occu-
pied the road in passing to the front.
On the 18th the Fourteenth Corps had the advance of Sher-
man's left wing, and was five miles from Bentonville. Here
Johnston had placed his army in position, in a salient, his flanks
on Mill Creek and the point of the angle facing south on the
Averysboro and Goldsboro road. On the 19th Slocum came upon
the western face of this angle, and the Fifteenth and part of the
Seventeenth Corps encountered the other. Sherman did not
believe that Johnston would offer serious battle, but he attacked
and drove back Carlin's division of the Fourteenth Corps.
Slocum quickly brought up the remaining divisions of that corps
and those of the Twentieth, and repulsed the enemy, holding the
field, while the right wing was deploying into position on the
opposite side of the enemy's line. These movements occupied the
20th, and on the afternoon of the 21st Mower, with the First
Division of the Seventeenth Corps, furiously assailed the enemy's
extreme left and crushed it. He was pushing triumphantly on
for the creek and its bridge in Johnston's rear, when Sherman,
apprehending that he might go too far, personally ordered him
back into his corps alignment. Had this gallant assault of Gen-
eral Mower been promptly supported all along the line, there can
be no reason to doubt that Johnston would have been over-
whelmed. It was the great tactical opportunity of the campaign,
and Sherman afterward regretted that he had not follow^ed it up.
As it was, the battle was ours, and that night Johnston abandoned
his lines and retreated on Smithfield. In the engagement Sher-
290 Soldiers True
man lost one thousand six hundred and four men, and Johnston
two thousand three hundred and forty-three, of whom six hun-
dred and fift)--three were captured. It was the severest battle of
the campaign.
Geary's trains were left with Mindil's brigade, and with his
First and Third Brigades and Sloan's battery the former marched
at midnight on the 19th, and joined the corps on the battlefield at
Bentonville at four-thirty the next morning, where he was held
in reserve and remained during the following day. Mindil was
ordered to move the trains up to the railroad crossing on the
Neuse River, which was held by the One Hundred and Forty-
ninth New York, and to dispatch all empty wagons, under guard
of the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania and the Sixty-
sixth Xew York to Kinston, on the right, for supplies. This was
done in a torrential rain.
On the 22d Gear}- marched from the battlefield in advance of
the corps, following the trains. The roads were almost impass-
able, and the men were busy all day in repairing them and in aid-
ing the progress of the wagons. Fifteen miles were covered. The
next morning at six o'clock, still in advance, the division moved
out, and, passing Falling Creek Post Office, reached the Neuse at
ten, where, to its unbounded delight. Major General Terry, with
two divisions, was found. Two pontoons spanned the river, and
on one of them the division crossed, and taking the Goldsboro
road, and driving the enemy's cavalr\- from its left flank, it camped
on the Smithfield road three miles from the river, after a march
of twelve miles. At two o'clock the next morning Geary was
ordered to send his wagons and pack mules through Goldsboro
before daylight, and to follow with his command. At seven
o'clock he crossed the Raleigh Railroad, and at noon passed his
men in review before General Shennan. and made camp one mile
north of the town, near the Weldon Railroad.
It was eight weeks and one day since the command had left
Savannah. During that time it had marched four hundred and
thirty-five miles through the enemy's territon,' in midwinter, and
Soldiers True 291
for tlic most part in terrible weather, over the most difficult
country an American army had ever traversed. Northern Geor-
gia was not to he compared lo it. Great rivers and innumerahle
smaller streams, immense areas of swamps, and scores of miles
of deadl}- (juicksands had lain across its path. Heavy trains were
in its care, partly laden with sick and wounded men. These
trains held the roads, and the soldiers marched in the bogs or
through the woods and fields beside them. The rains were so
incessant that the clothing and shoes of the soldiers rotted on
their soaked bodies. Hundreds were barefooted, some were
without hats, others had no trousers below the knees, and still
others were dressed in such garments as they had picked up on
the march. All were tattered, ragged, and disheveled. Subsist-
ence was precarious and often scarce. And yet the army had
marched on, without discouragement, beating off the foe wherever
he appeared, and had brought its organization and its trains
through intact. In Geary's division but four wagons and three
ambulances were abandoned, and the various parts of these were
so used to repair others that there was practically nothing left of
them. Seven cases of smallpox developed in this division during
the march, of whom five recovered and but one died before reach-
ing Goldsboro. It was estimated that three millions of dollars'
worth of public property were destroyed by it, and its total casual-
ties were one hundred and forty-one. The regiment lost two men
killed, Samuel Sturgcs and William j\I. Jones, of Company B, and
seven men captured, namely : Private Orrin Sweet, of Company
B, February 23 ; Privates John H. Cook, of Company A, and
Adell)ert Dolliver, of Company B, March 6; Corporal Elisha E.
Myers, of Company E, and Privates Hiram N. Smock, of Com-
pany G. and Russel Southward, of Company K, March 14 ; and
Private David Litwiler, of Company T. March 25. In addition to
these, on the last day of the march the veteran and successful
forager, Lieutenant A. M. Tracy, and eight men were picked up
by the enemy's cavalry. He was sent to Richmond, where he
remained in Libby Prison until the city fell.
292 Soldiers True
In this memorable march, as in every campaign of the civil
war, the army mule was a vital but an almost unnoticed factor.
Because of his toughness, his patience, and his ability to go any-
where, to endure any hardship, and to live longer on the least
quantity of food, he early superseded the horse as the reliable
draught animal in the army. One six-mule team followed the
Army of the Potomac from the time it took the field in 1862 until
the war ended, and was never broken up until one of its wheelers
was shot before Petersburg. Another of these hardy beasts went
triumphantly through all of Sherman's marches and came out of
the war as frisky as a three-year-old. These animals hauled all
the clothing the soldiers ever received, all the food they ate, and
all the ammunition they expended in battle. They were often in
harness day and night, and were unsheltered in winter storm and
summer heat. For three, four, and even five days at a time they
were known to do their work without any food but the boughs of
trees or the bark from logs. They would take their wagons
through water that almost submerged them, or over hills where
there were no roads and where they were compelled to pick their
\vay among prostrate trees and huge bowlders. They would
pass with sure foot over bending, springing corduroys where
horses could not stand, and would pull at a stalled wagon till they
fell exhausted without losing patience or becoming nervous. They
were not afraid of quicksand, or rushing rivers, or electrical
storms, or the roar of battle. They feared nothing but the driver's
black-whip and his dreadful tongue. They would work with
galled shoulders and without shoes, and until they died. They
were not angels, and therefore they repaid on occasion the sting
of the whip and the curse with a vicious snap or a furtive kick,
Imt, all unknown to themselves, these humble servants of the
republic played faithfully their unappreciated part in the tragedy
of war. It is said that the Greek poet Simonides was once asked
to celebrate in poetry the triumph of the mule in an Athenian
race, and indignantly refused, saying that to sing of "half-asses"
v'ould disgrace his lyre. But on second thought and under per-
Soldiers True 293
suasion he found his respect for this animal so increased that he
produced an enthusiastic poem beginning with the apostrophe,
"Daughters of tempest-footed steeds." Had he hved to know
what the eighteen thousand mules that were in Sherman's army
had borne and done for a great cause, and could he have seen
them file into Goldsboro with their long trains and flapping ears,
he would have saluted them with a still nobler strain.
294 Soldiers True
CHAPTER X\'
End of the Carolina Campaign and of the "War
HE army remained in Goldsboro seventeen days in sanitary
and comfortable camps. The troops were at pnce sup-
plied with new clothing and full rations, and within a few
days all traces of their fatigue had disappeared. Large numbers
of absentees, who had been waiting for Sherman's coming, re-
ported for duty, and the old-time discipline and form of the regi-
ments were resumed. The officers and men were in the highest
spirits over the important results of the campaign, and the pros-
pects of a speedy and righteous peace.
Lieutenant Colonel Walker reappeared from his leave of ab-
sence and took command of his regiment. Captain Thomas, who
had been commissioned as major on the death of Major Boyle, but
was not mustered, resigned, and Captain Alexander was given
that commission, and a few days later one of lieutenant colonel,
but he could not be mustered for lack of numbers, and he also
resigned on April 8, as did Captain Ferguson a month later. On
March 31 the remnant of the One Hundred and Ninth Pennsyl-
vania— eleven oflEicers and tv\^o hundred and ninet5^-mne men — was
merged into the One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment, and as-
signed to its various companies, materially increasing its strength.
Lieutenant Colonel Walker was soon after, commissioned and
mustered as colonel. Somewhat later Captain Frank J. Osgood
became major, and in June was made the lieutenant colonel of the
regiment, and finally mustered out as such. First Lieutenant John
J. Haight became captain of Company B ; Captains Gimber and
Veale, formerly of the One Hundred and Ninth, succeeded to
the command of Companies G and I ; First Lieutenant Plympton
A. Mead took the captaincy of Company K, and First Sergeant
John L. Wells was made second lieutenant of Company F. Sub-
Soldiers True 295
scquontly Commissary Sergeant Noah W. Lowell succeeded First
Lieutenant William Saeger as regimental quartermaster. The
h'ourteentli and Twentieth Corps were organized as the Army
of Georgia, and Major General Joseph A. Mower was assigned
to the command of the laltcr corps. Brigade comnn'ssaries of
subsistence were abolisheil, and the transportation department
was greatly reduced.
Sherman's great march reduced the problem of the war to its
Lieutenant Colonel Frank J. Osgood
final Icrms. He had unco\'ercd all the principal Atlantic seaports
from Savannah to Wilmington, and these were quickly occupied
by the Union authorities. His arrival at Goldsboro had caused
the junction of his own with Schofield's and Terry's forces, and
Johnston and Lee were crowded between him and Grant. The
danger that the latter might slip away from his Petersburg lines
and damage him was practically past. All that remained was for
him to advance northward, hold Johnston well in hand, and close
in upon Lee's communications, and thus second Grant, as he
said, in ''finishing up the job." After a brief personal visit to
296 Soldiers True
City Point, where he saw Grant and President Lincohi, he re-
turned to Goldsboro on March 30, and promptly prepared his
command for its final movement. His three armies of infantry
and his cavalry division aggregated an effective strength of nearly
eighty-nine thousand men, all of whom were in fine condition
and eager for what they felt was to be the last campaign and the
successful completion of the war. On April 5 he issued orders
to his commanders to move north of the Roanoke River in three
columns — Slocum on the left, Schofield in the center, and Howard
on the right — gaining Xorfolk as a base, and opening direct com-
munication with the Army of the Potomac. Warrenton, North
Carolina, the judicial seat of the border county directly north of
Goldsboro, was named as the first point of concentration. But
the next day these orders were suddenly changed by the news
that Lee had abandoned his lines at Petersburg, leaving Richmond
in Grant's hands, and was retreating toward Danville. Sherman
instantly inferred that Lee would endeavor to join Johnston, who
was at Smithfield, and in the hope of striking him before Lee
could reach him he ordered the whole army forward on three
roads toward Smithfield and Raleigh. But Johnston had aban-
doned Smithfield, which point Sherman reached on the nth, and
pursuit tow^ard Raleigh was promptly begun.
Geary's troops marched from Goldsboro at six-thirty on the
morning of the loth, following the Fourteenth Corps. Passing
through the town, they took the Smithfield road, crossed Little
River and Beaver Dam, Moccasin and Raccoon Creeks, encounter-
ing lowlands and bad roads. The enemy had broken a dam above
the last crossing, and the road was flooded. Rain fell all day, but
fourteen miles were made. The next day the command moved
in advance, at five-thirty, escorted by the Michigan Engineers
and two batteries. Skirmishing all day with cavalry parties, the
march proceeded steadily, without casualties, to Smithfield, which
place was entered soon after the enemy's rear guard had retired.
The bridges across the Xeuse River were destroyed before Geary
came up, but the engineers rebuilt one across a creek, sixty-five
Soldi i:ks True 2'^)'j
feet long, in seventeen minutes, and the eommand halted, having
covered eleven and one half miles.
On the i2lh Lee's surrender was announced tu the arm\- in the
follow ini;- special held order;
The general commanding announces to the Army that he has official
notice from General Grant that General Lee surrendered to him his entire
army on the gth inst.. at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
Glory to God and our Country! And all honor to our comrades in
arms toward whom we are marching.
A little more labor, a little more toil on our part, and the great race is
.von, and our Government stands regenerated, after four long years of
[Surgeon D. Hayes Strickland
This glorious news wrought the troops to the highest pitch of
enthusiasm. I'or a moment tears filled their eyes, and then ninety
tiiousand men burst into cheers, and for miles around the land
echoed their glad acclaim. The bands broke out in national airs,
colors were unfurled, men leaped and danced for joy, and the very
mules brayed their thankfulness. The day was clear and warm,
the countrv was rich and highlv cultivated, and the earth never
298 Soldiers True
seemed fairer to mortal eyes than it appeared to these veteran
soldiers on that bright April morning. All hardships and suffer-
ing were forgotten, and there was no room in the whole world for
an}thing but rejoicing. Caps were flung in the air, laughter rang
out, jokes were cracked, and "John Brown's Body" and "March-
ing Through Georgia" rolled back and forth through the inspired
ranks in endless melody. Like the Western cowboy when he first
saw a prairie aflame with blooming flowers, some of the men
"wanted to lie down and roll," canteens were handed about, and
in water, cold coffee, or something warmer "that good old toast
which Washington so often drank with his men, 'Boys, here's
luck,' " was honored, and when General Geary appeared, instead
of being saluted with the familiar satirical cry, 'Give him another
horse," he was greeted with respectfully bared heads and throat-
splitting huzzas. The colored people on the plantations joined
in the contagious enthusiasm, and even the Southern dogs barked
for joy. Lee had surrendered ! When throats were hoarse and
shouts had given place to thoughts, the trees whispered and the
spring birds sang the story, and that night twenty thousand
blazing camp fires and a hundred thousand happy dreams still
celebrated the thrilling news.
The river was crossed on pontoons at Smithfield, Swift Creek
was crossed twice, and fourteen easy miles were marched that day.
The following day the skies darkened and rain fell, but at five-
thirty in the morning the command pressed gayly forward over a
winding road among hills, for fourteen miles, and camped at
noon on the right of the corps, one and one half miles southwest
of Raleigh, the capital city of North Carolina. Sherman had so
disposed the column as to prevent Johnston's escape toward the
south, and riding into the city at the head of Slocum's men, he
was met by a locomotive bearing a flag of truce and a delegation
from Governor Vance, craving protection for the citizens.
A regimental incident occurred as Raleigh was approached
which for a time threatened serious consequences, but which
finally occasioned only hilarious recollections. Early in the day
Soldiers True
299
Sergeant Edwin G. Irish, of Company H, one of the most faithful
of the noncommissioned officers, reported to Captain Hay, his
commanding- officer, that he was very lame, and asked permission
to leave the line and come on more slowly. He gradually fell
toward the rear, and, as the troops were passing a water tank,
assisted some men to fill their canteens. The division provost
marshal saw them and arrested Irish and a corporal named Bald-
win, and tied them up behind an ambulance on the charge of
Captain William C. Hay
straggling. Irish sent for Captain Hay, who told him he would
see later to his release, and shortly afterward some unknown men
cut the prisoners loose. To release a prisoner illegally was a
violation of the eighth Article of War, and a serious offense, and
the provost marshal at once reported the fact to General Geary,
saying that the One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsvlvania Regi-
ment had as an organization committed this crime. As the com-
mand was about to enter Raleigh it was halted and brought into
line before division headquarters. General Geary appeared
mounted with his staflF, and sternly declared that his provost mar-
300 Soldiers True
shal had thus seriously inculpated the regiment, stating, in fact,
that it had with fixed bayonets released these prisoners from the
custody of the guard. Colonel Walker calmly replied that if that
report had been made it was the most emphatic kind of a false-
hood. The general reiterated the charge in violent language, and
threatened to place the whole battalion in arrest. He did order
Captain Hay to be apprehended, and had charges preferred
against him for neglect of duty. This officer, who was one of the
most reliable and conscientious of men, afterward obtained an
interview with General Geary and related the facts as they were.
By this time the general's anger had cooled, and he offered to
withdraw the charges quietly, but Captain Hay demanded either
a trial or a public exoneration, and the result was that on the
20th a special order was issued from division headquarters, and
published on dress parade to every regiment in the command, as
follows :
Extract
I. The case of Captain William C. Hay, Company H, iiith Regiment
Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, under charges for violation of the
eighth Article of War, having been carefully investigated by the Brevet
Major General commanding the division, in person, it appeared that the
charges were entirely groundless and resulted from a misunderstanding
of the circumstances. It is therefore ordered that the charges be with-
drawn and quashed, that Captain Hay be released from arrest, and be
honorably restored to duty with his company; and, further, that the iiith
Regiment Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers be at once restored to the
confidence and most favorable regard of the general commanding the
division, which their good conduct has at all times hitherto secured them.
On the morning of April 14 a flag of truce came to Kilpatrick,
at Durham Station, with a letter from Johnston to Sherman. It
bore date of the previous day and read thus :
The results of the recent campaign in Virginia have changed the rela-
tive military condition of the belligerents. I am therefore induced to
address you in this form the inquiry whether, to stop the further effusion
of blood and the devastation of property, yon are willing to make a tem-
porary suspension of active operations, and to communicate to Lieutenant
General Grant, commanding the armies of the United States, the request
Sor,Dii:RS True 301
that he will take like action in regard to other armies, the object being to
permit the civil authorities to enter into the needful arrangements to termi-
nate tlie existing war.
Ciencral Sherman at once replied that he was ftilly empowered
to arrange for a suspension of hostihties l)etween the two armies,
and was prepared to al)ide 1))' llie same terms and conchtions that
had already been agreed upon between Grant and Lee ; and he
promised to limit his movements if Johnston did the same until a
conference was had. ( )n the 16th he received a second communi-
cation from the Confederate general, proposing a meeting the
next day between Durham's Station and Hillsboro. At eight
o'clock on the morning of the 17th he rode out in a car to Dur-
ham's. Just as he entered the car he was handed a dispatch of
such astounding significance that he ordered the operator to hold
its contents in absolute secrecy until his return. He reached
Durham's at ten o'clock, and was met by Kilpatrick and a
squadron of cavalr\-. With this escort he rode out the Hillsboro
road five miles, and met Johnston's flag bearer. Just liehind the
flag were Johnston and Wade Hampton, with their attendants.
Johnston was fifty-six years of age. He was clad in Confederate
gray, with the stars indicating his rank upon his coat collar. His
hair and beard were iron gray, the latter covering his lip, chin,
and the upper part of his cheeks. He was dignified and soldierly
in appearance and cordial in manner. He and Sherman had
known of each other all their lives, but had never before met.
They shook hands, introduced their attendants, and passed into
an adjacent frame farmhouse occupied by a man named Bennett.
As soon as they were alone Sherman handed him the telegram he
had received that morning. // aivioimccd flic assassination of
President Lincoln! Johnston read it with deep emotion. Reads
of perspiration arose on his brow as he denounced the appalling
crime, and expressed the hope that the Confederate government
would not be suspected of complicity with it. Sherman assured
him that he did not believe that he or Lee, or any other repre-
sentative Confederate officer, was even remotely responsible for
302 Soldiers True
it, but that he reserved his opinion as to Jefferson Davis and some
others. Johnston impressed Sherman as being sincerely de-
sirous for peace. He declared that further hostilities would be
no better than murder, and stated that he believed that he could
obtain authority to make terms that would include not only his
own but all the remaining Southern armies. After a full discus-
sion the two commanders separated to meet at noon on the follow-
ing day. After his return to Raleigh Sherman issued an order
announcing Mr. Lincoln's death, in which he said that, while he
believed the mass of the Confederate army would scorn to sanc-
tion such an act, he regarded the assassination "as the legitimate
consequence of rebellion against rightful authority."
The soldiers were incensed and horrified by the awful crime
beyond all power of expression. In one moment their wild exul-
tation at the prospect of peace was quenched in unutterable shame
and sorrow. They adored the great President for his personality
and his principles. They especially loved him for his kindness
and his wisdom. To a man they felt the cruelty of his murder at
the consummation of his long-deferred hopes. They regarded
his loss at that crucial moment as irreparable and unbearable ;
and they were overwhelmed with humiliation that in the whole
American civilization one individual could be found who was
treacherous and infamous enough to take his life. The republic
was not only unspeakably bereaved, it was forever disgraced.
They could not foresee the glory of that martyrdom, they beheld
and suffered only its atrocity. The army was never before so
furiously aroused. The soldiers thirsted to avenge the vast, in-
sulting crime. They hoped and prayed that Johnston would not
surrender, and savageh- demanded one more battle. It was well
that their fierce rage was not to be satiated on the field. Another
battle by those men would have meant slaughter to their foes.
But happily the shedding of blood in the civil war was ended.
Sherman took counsel with his principal oflficers on the i8th.
and they all advised him to agree upon terms with Johnston,
fearing, if he did not, that the latter's army would melt away and
Soldiers True 303
that pursuit would mean an indefinite chase of fragmented com-
mands. The next afternoon at two o'clock Sherman again met
Johnston at the Bennett farmhouse, and, after a prolonged con-
ference, arranged terms of surrender. Johnston insisted on the
guarantee of political rights for his troops, as a condition. At
his request John C. Breckinridge, who was then the Confederate
Secretary of War, was brought into the conversation, and a propo-
sition from John H. Reagan, who was also a member of the Davis
Cabinet, was read. The civil question was argued so strenuously
that Sherman, believing, from his recent interview with the now
deceased President, that it was in harmony with his views, agreed
to it, and drew the celebrated convention in which the civil gov-
ernments of the insurgent States were promised recognition, and
their people assured of their political rights and franchises. This
agreement was sent to Washington, where it was at once disap-
proved, and General Grant was ordered to Raleigh with instruc-
tions from the Secretary of War "to direct operations against the
enemy." This order virtually relieved Sherman from command,
but Grant was too considerate to add this affront to his already
humiliated subordinate, and he very wisely permitted Sherman to
continue the negotiations. On the 24th he notified Johnston of
the government's decision, and of the ending of the truce after
forty-eight hours ; but before the expiration of that time Johnston
sent in a request for another meeting, and on the 26th, at Ben-
nett's house, final and acceptable terms were agreed upon, and
eighty-nine thousand two hundred and seventy officers and men
were surrendered to the United States. These included, in addi-
tion to Johnston's own army, all the Confederate forces in Georgia
and Florida.
With characteristic candor General Sherman acknowledged his
error in admitting the political clauses into his first agreement
with Johnston, but he was justly and bitterly incensed by an
article published in the New York press on the 24th, in which a
War Department order of March 3 was inserted, evidently by
authority, of which Sherman had never heard, and which if it
20
304 Soldiers True
had been known to him \V(ju1(1 have saved him from the error.
He felt so outraged by this pubhcation that he pubhcly refused
to accept the profifered hand of the Secretary of War on the day
of the final review of his troops in Washington.
While in Raleigh Sherman reviewed his command, and, after
the failure of his earlier negotiations with Johnston, ordered it
forward. Geary's division marched to Jones's Crossroads, twelve
miles, but returned when the final articles of surrender were
signed. On the 29th all ammunition except twenty-five rounds
per man was turned in, the wagons were loaded, and the right
and left wings were ordered to Washington via Richmond.
Sherman himself went south by sea, and arranged to rejoin the
command in the former Confederate capital. On April 30 the
White Star Division marched at seven-thirty in the morning,
passing through Raleigh, and, crossing the Xeuse near a large
paper mill, camped fourteen and one half miles out in the fields
of a plantation. The weather was warm, the roads good, and the
line of march led through pine forests. The next day the division
moved in advance at five o'clock, crossed the Tar River at Dickin-
son's Bridge, and covered twenty-two miles. On the following
day a march of nineteen miles brought it to Williamsburg, by two
o'clock. The next morning at ten it was at the \^irginia State
line near Taylor's Ferry, on the Roanoke River. On May 4 the
command had the rear of the line and marched at six o'clock. It
crossed the Roanoke at Taylor's Ferry on a pontoon three hundred
and eighty-five yards long, and took the road to SafTold's Bridge
over the ]\Ieherrin River, within four miles of which it bivouacked,
having made twenty-two miles. The ensuing morning the
Meherrin was crossed. The weather was dry and hot, and march-
ing toward Blacks and Whites Station, on the South Side Rail-
road, and crossing Flat Rock Creek, the division made twenty-
one miles. In still warmer weather fifteen miles were covered the
next day, the Nottaway and Little Xottaway Rivers were crossed,
and camp was pitched near Wellville Station. On the 7th the
Appomattox was crossed at Kidd's Mills, and twenty miles were
Soldiers True 305
inarchccl. CJn the (Stli llic coiimiaud i);Lsscd 1))' the Clover lliU
coal niiiK'S, which were in full operation, and camped seven
miles from Manchester. The day was hot, the roads were dusty,
and water was scarce, but twenty-one miles were put behind the
eager men. On the 9th the troops were within three miles of Rich-
mond. Here General Sherman rejoined the army and rode with it
during the remainder of the march. With its curiosity aroused the
division passed through the desolated streets of Richmond on the
I ith and took the Fredericksburg road, camping four miles from
the city. The following day it crossed the Chickahominy River
and its swamps, and camped at Ashland, a distance of twelve
miles. From here it pressed on across the South Anna and
Little Rivers, and over a war-impoverished country for six-
teen miles; and on the 15th it passed the North Anna, and
marched through Spottsylvania Court House, and over Grant's
battlefield, and on among the Wilderness barrens to its own
Chancellorsville battleground, which it scanned and discussed
with much interest. The division crossed the Rappahannock at
the well-known United States Ford, as it had done two years
before after the great and fruitless battle, and camped on the hills
beyond, having marched that day twenty-one miles. On the morn-
ing of the 1 6th it was in advance, and, passing the familiar
Hartwood church, camped at Town Creek, after an exhausting
march of nearly eighteen miles. The next day it crossed Cedar
Run, and camped at Rrentsville, in even hotter weather, a distance
of sixteen miles. On the day following, the command had the
rear, and, over dusty and hilly roads, passed Rull Run at Wood-
ford's Ford, and very late at night halted witiiin two miles of
Fairfax Court House, fourteen miles. On the 19th it went
through the town and on to Annandale, where it took the turnpike
and proceeded to Gregory's farm, three and one half miles from
Alexandria, a march of eighteen miles, and here it rested four
days. The division had covered the three hundred and eighty
miles between Raleigh and Washington in twenty days, an av-
erage daily march of nineteen miles.
3o6 Soldiers True
The Army of the Potomac had also arrived at Washington, and
on the 1 8th the War Department issued an order for a grand
review of both these veteran armies in the capital of the nation
on May 23 and 24. That order provided a spectacular climax to
the closing scenes of the great conflict which those who beheld it
can never forget. The climate of Washington reaches its per-
fection in the month of Alay, and the weather on the days set
for this imposing military pageant was simply brilliant. The
capital was thronged with visitors, and its buildings were radiant
with bunting. Business was suspended, and the whole city, and
its thousands of guests, gave themselves over to the joyful festival
of arms which proclaimed, as nothing else could do, that peace
had come. The prescribed route was up Pennsylvania Avenue
from the Capitol past the White House. In the executive
grounds, fronting the broad avenue, a large stand had been
erected and decorated, and from this the new President, Andrew
Johnson, his Cabinet, and General Grant reviewed the great
parade. The Army of the Potomac had the first day. Pennsyl-
vania Avenue was adorned with flags and other elaborate displays
of the national colors. Its sidewalks were crowded from Capitol
Hill onward with a dense mass of enthusiastic spectators, whose
cheers greeted the general officers and the men with impartial
emphasis. Major General Meade and his staff led the line, their
horses and swords garlanded with flowers, and after them came
the veteran corps of that grand army, in column of division, with
the step of regulars, with colors flying, with arms gleaming, with
bands playing, their mounted officers at the head of each organi-
zation, a splendid, solid mass of conquering men. As the heads
of corps and divisions passed the reviewing stand in salute the
general officers took their places upon it, and they, the Cabinet,
and the President stood uncovered till all the marching troops
had filed by.
That evening Sherman's four corps of infantry marched in
from their camps and bivouacked in the streets and suburbs ad-
jacent to Capitol Hill. At nine o'clock the next morning his
a:
SuLUiEKS True 309
fifty-three ihousand infantrymen, who, within thirteen months
had marched from Chattanooga, in three unexampled campaigns
that had excited the wonder of the world, stood at arms awaiting
the signal gun tliat was to announce the start of the parade. It
boomed, punctual to the minute, and with the roll of drums and a
burst from brass bands the hero of Atlanta, Savannah, and the
Carolinas turned his horse's head into the noble avenue, between
the massed faces of his admiring countrymen. The sidewalks
were packed to sufifocation and were a sea of fluttering color as
far as the eye could reach. Every window and every roof was
filled with spectators and waving flags. The morning air was
rent with huzzas. As the great soldier passed the home of Mr.
Seward, the wounded Secretary of State, saluted him from his
window. Behind General Sherman and his stafif came the new
commander of the Army of the Tennessee, General Logan, as
swarthy as an American Indian, and as statuesque, and in rear
of his attendants rode Hazen, compact and martial, at the head
of the Fifteenth Corps, which marched like a living machine, in
four divisions, and following that came Blair, tall and masterful,
proud of his Seventeenth Corps — Sherman's old and favorite
command. Then Slocum, slender and dignified, and behind him
the fine Army of Georgia, Jefiferson C. Davis leading the Four-
teenth, and Mower the sturdy Twentieth Corps. From curb to
curb the avenue was a mass of glistening steel that rose and fell
amid the tattered battle flags with the measured tramp of men
who knew how to march. The regiments were rigid in their
alignment as for six and one half hours those glorious men moved
on in endless line. What men they were ! — the flower of the best
civilization on earth, sown in the soil of war, fibered in battle,
blossomed in conquest ; athletes, with nerves of tempered steel,
masters of the art of war, trained to the hour, soldiers, patriots,
heroes, all. On hundreds of battlefields, extending over half a
continent, where three hundred and sixty thousand of their com-
rades fell, they had struggled and won, and from these they had
returned, thanked by President and Congress, to bring home the
310 Soldiers True
flag in victory. With them marched detachments of their sable
pioneers, representatives of the newborn race, armed with pick
and shovel, in token of the brawn that coming years would trans-
mute to brain for the reinforcement of the nation's strength. Thus
the remnants of the armies that had saved and perpetuated
American liberty passed that day in review — for the first time
before their fellow-citizens and their President, and for the last
time before their generals — and, with their final salute at the re-
viewing stand, dissolved noiselessly into civil life. Their work
was done.
A German nobleman and a ^Methodist bishop were among the
multitudes who watched that mansions two-days' pageant. As
Custer dashed up the avenue, in graceful seat upon his running
thoroughbred, his blond locks and bright red neckerchief stream-
ing in the wind, and his splendid cavalry with clanking sabers
flashing behind him, the German murmured admiringly :
"Those are fine, f-i-n-e men !"
As the solid divisions of the Army of the Potomac swept by on
swinging step the foreigner's enthusiasm increased, and he cried :
"Bishop, these are soldiers who can whip the world !"
But the next day, when he beheld Sherman's veterans pass, he
was overwhelmed with emotion, and throwing his arms about the
bishop he exclaimed :
"But these — these are soldiers zi'ho can zvhip the devil!"
The grand review took place on the third anniversary of the
One Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment's entrance
into the field at Harper's Ferry. After the review it marched to
Bladensburg, Maryland, northeast of Washington, and made
camp. Later it was located on Capitol Hill, and was placed on
guard duty at the Old Capitol and Carroll prisons, where Mrs.
Surratt and her co-conspirators and a number of other political
prisoners were confined. \\^hile here Colonel Walker was bre-
vetted a brigadier general, the regimental and company books that
had been ruined in the Great Pedee River were copied, and mus-
ter-out rolls were prepared, in five copies. For the first time since
Soldiers True 311
the previous October the command was paid. On July 5 it was
finally relieved from duty and ordered to be nuistered out, antl on
Wednesday, July 19, 1865, it was honorably discharged from the
military service of the United States. On the 22d it embarked
for I'ittsburg, and the next night was in Camp Reynolds, at
Braddock's, near that city. Final payment was made there, and
after heartfelt farewells the survivors of the Soldiers True, with a
new and strange sense of liberty, separated to their homes.
The One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment Pennsylvania
Veteran Volunteers is included by Mr. William T. Fox in his
Regimental Losses in the Civil War as one of the "three hundred
fighting regiments." It had from first to last an enrollment of
one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven names. Its total
deaths were three hundred and four, and its total deaths and
wounds aggregated five hundred and forty-nine. But as one hun-
dred of its sul)stitute recruits almost immediately deserted, and
forty-two others who were assigned to it never reported, and as
three hundred and ten other officers and men were merged into
the command from the One Hundred and Ninth Pennsylvania,
after the fighting was over, the actual strength of the regiment,
in the field, was not more than one thousand three hundred and
ninety-five men. Even this estimate is excessive, as a number of
names are counted twice because of second enlistments. The
casualties of the regiment, therefore, during its field service were
about forty per cent of its total strength. Four of every ten of its
men fell in defense of the American commonwealth.
SoLuiiiKS True 313
APPENDIX
Itinerary of the Regiment
1&61
Sept. to
Dec. 31. — Organizing at Camp Reed, near Erie, Pa.
1&62
Feb. 25. — Moved by rail for Baltimore, Md., via Cleveland, Pittsburg, and
Harrisburg.
27. — Arrived at Harrisburg, and received arms and colors.
Mar. I. — Reached Baltimore, where it remained for instruction and on
post duty until May 24.
May 25. — Arrived at Harper's Ferry, W. Va.
26. — Proceeded a few miles toward Winchester, and returned under
peremptory orders to Harper's Ferry.
28. — Reconnoissance to Charlestown, with skirmish.
29. — In support of Naval Battery on Maryland Heights, during at-
tack on Harper's Ferry.
31. — Reconnoissance in force to Charlestown. Returned to Harper's
Ferry. In line of battle on Bolivar Heights.
-Marched, via Charlestown, toward Winchester.
-At Winchester, in Shenandoah Valley.
-Marched, via Middletown, to Kernstown.
-Advanced to Cedar Creek.
-Near Strasburg.
-At Front Royal.
-At Warrenton.
-Reached Gaines Cross Roads.
-One mile from (Little) Washington, Va.
-IVlarched, via Woodstock, to Culpeper Court House.
-To battlefield of Cedar Mountain, and participated in the
engagement.
-I\[arched to Rappahannock Station; skirmish.
-In observation along eastern bank of Rappahannock; skir-
mishes.
-To Bcaleton and Bristoe.
-Near Warrenton.
June
2.
4--
5--
17--
26.-
July
5--
II.-
19.
20.
Aug.
6.
9-
19.-
20
1-23.
24.-
26.-
314 Soldiers True
Aug. 28. — At Warrenton Junction,
30. — At Centerville.
Sept. 2. — In defenses of Washington, D. C.
3. — }k [arched to Tenalljaown, Md.
6. — ^At Rock Creek, ^Id.
9. — ^Marched toward ^Nliddlebrook, Md.
10. — Reached Damascus, Md.
12. — ^At IjamsvUIe, ^Md.
13. — ^Arrived at Frederick, Md.
15. — ^Marched toward Boonsboro, Md.
16. — Advanced to Keedysville, Md., on Antietam battlefield.
17. — Participated in the battle of Antietam.
18. — On the field burj^ing the dead.
19. — ^larched to Sandy Hook, ild.
22. — Arrived at Harper's Ferrj-, W. Va. Camped on Loudoun
Heights, where it remained until OcL 26.
Oct. 26. — Moved camp to valley on eastern side.
30. — Relieved Sumner's Corps on Bolivar Heights, and performed
picket duty.
Nov. 26. — ^Reconnoissance to Charlestown ; skirmish.
Dec. 2. — Reconnoissance in force up the Shenandoah Valley, continuing
four days; skirmishes.
ID. — ^[arched from Harper's Ferry, z'ia Leesburg and Centerville,
Va., to Fairfax Court House.
13. — Marched from Fairfax Court House, crossing Occoquan River.
to vicinit>- of Dumfries, Va.
19. — Arrived by countermarch at Fairfax Station.
25. — Reconnoissance toward Dumfries.
27. — Skirmish near the Occoquan.
28. — ^Returned to Fairfax Station, arriving on evening of Dec. 31.
Jan. 19. — Marched, i-ia Dumfries, for Stafford Court House, through
swollen streams, and over almost impassable roads.
24. — ^Arrived at Stafford Court House, Va.
25. — ^Arrived at Acquia Creek Landing, and entered on guard.
fatigue, and provost duty. Regiment distinguished in
Special Orders from Army Headquarters for discipline and
proficiencj-.
Feb. g. — Made a new camp, and remained until begiiming of the Chan-
cellorsville campaign.
Mar. 21. — Corps badges authorized and adopted.
Apr. ID. — Reviewed by President Lincoln at Stafford Court House.
27. — Marched for Chancellorsville, via Stafford Court House and
Hartwood Church.
Soldiers True 315
Apr. 29. — Crossed Rappaliamiuck at Kclly'b i'ord, and Rapidan at (jcr-
manna Bridge.
30. — Arrived in afternoun on the field uf Chancellorsviile.
May I,
2, and 3. — Participated in the battle of Chancellorsviile.
5. — Crossed Rappahannock at United States Ford, and returned to
camp at Acquia Creek Landing, arriving there on May 7.
June 14. — Broke camp for Gettysburg campaign, and marched to Dumfries.
15. — Reached Fairfax Court House.
17. — At Dranesville.
18. — At Leesburg, three miles from Edwards Ferry.
26. — Crossed Potomac at Edwards Ferry, and marched to mouth ol
Monocacy, in Maryland.
27. — Marched, via Point of Rocks, to Knoxville, Md.
28.— To Frederick, Md.
29. — To Taneytown, Md.
30. — To Littlestown, Pa.
July I. — From Littlestown, via Two Taverns, to the field of Gettysburg.
2-3. — Participated in the battle of Gettysburg.
5. — From Gettysburg to Littlestown, Pa.
6. — To Walkersville, via Taneytown, Middletown, and Woods-
boro.
7. — Through Frederick to Jefferson.
8. — To Rohrersville.
9. — To Keedysville and Bakersville.
II. — To Fair Play, taking place in line of battle.
15. — From Fair Play to Sandy Hook, Md.
16. — From Sandy Hook to Pleasant Valley.
19. — From Pleasant Valley, through Harper's Ferry, across the Po-
tomac and Shenandoah Rivers, to Piney Run, near Hills-
boro, Va.
20. — From Hillsboro, through Woodgrove to Snicker's Gap.
23. — To Ashby's Gap, Scufiletown, and Markham Station.
24. — To Linden, countermarching through Markham Station to
Piedmont.
25. — Through Rectortown and White Plains, to Manassas Gap.
26. — Through Greenwich and Catlett's Station, to Warrenton Junc-
tion, where it remained until July 31.
Aug. 3. — Reached Raccoon Ford, on the Rapidan, and went on picket
duty.
Sept. 27 to
Oct. 3. — Embarked at Bealeton Station for Tennessee, with the corps.
Crossed the Ohio River at Bellaire, passed through Colum-
bus and Dayton, O., Indianapolis, Ind., Louisville, Ky.,
Nashville, Tenn., and debarked at Murfreesboro, Tenn.
3i6 Soldiers True
Oct.4-26. — Performed guard duty on railroad near Christiana, Tenn., and
Stevenson, Ala.
^7. — Left Stevenson, crossed Tennessee River at Bridgeport, and
marched toward Whitesides.
28. — Reached Wauhatchie Station.
29. — Participated in the battle of Wauhatchie, in the early morning.
29-30. — Engaged in fortifying.
31. — Made camp on the Raccoon Mountains, near Kelly's Ferry,
where it remained until the opening of the Chattanooga cam-
paign, Nov. 24.
Nov. 24. — Participated in the battle of Lookout Mountain.
25. — Participated in the assault on Missionary Ridge.
26. — Pursued Bragg's retreating armj- through Rossville Gap, to-
ward Graysville, crossing Chickamauga Creek, and skirmish-
ing with enemy's rear guard. March continued till ten o'clock,
p. M.. to Pigeon Hill, where enemj" was found in line.
2-/. — Pui>uit of enemj- renewed to Ringgold, Ga., where sharp
engagement occurred at Tajdor's Ridge.
28. — On picket in Ringgold Gap, remaining at the extreme front
for two days.
Dec. I. — Returned to its camp, near Kelly's Ferry, in Lookout Valley.
28. — Reenlisted as a veteran regiment, and left the front for Erie. Pa.,
on veteran furlough, via Nashville, Louisville, Indianapolis,
and Columbus.
1&64-
Jan. 14. — Arrived at Erie, Pa., and was given a public reception.
15. — Officers given leave of absence and men furloughed for thirty
dajs.
Feb. 26. — Rendezvoused in Pittsburg.
Mar. I. — Received orders to rejoin command in Tennessee.
4. — Left Pittsburg by rail, via Columbus, Indianapolis, Louisville,
and Nashville, and arrived at Bridgeport, Ala., Mar. 9.
May 3. — Marched from Bridgeport, on the Atlanta campaign.
5. — Reached Ringgold. Ga.
6. — Marched to Pea Vine Creek.
7. — Crossed Taylor's Ridge, and proceeded to Villanow.
8. — Reached Rocky Face in evening, having countermarched from
Villanow.
9-10. — From Snake Creek Gap to near Resaca.
14. — Shifted from right to extreme left of army.
15. — Participated in the battle of Resaca.
16. — Forded the Oostenaula above Echota. and the Coosawattee.
17-18. — Advanced beyond Calhoun.
19. — Marched through Gravelly Plateau — skirmishing — to near
Cassville.
i
Sor.nTKRS True 317
23. — Crossed the Eluvvali Riser aiul ihc Euhailcc Crock.
24. — Marched across Raccoon Creek toward Allatooiia, in the move-
ment that was converging on Dallas ; skirmishes.
25. — Participated in the battle of Dallas, or New Hope Church, fight-
ing or skirmishing for twenty-four consecutive hours.
June I. — Uninterrupted fighting.
3. — Brigade detached and moved to Allatoona Bridge, on the Ack-
worth road, remaining until June 5.
10. — Advanced with army to within six miles of Big Shanty Station,
and concentrated near Kenesaw Mountain; skirmishes.
13. — Marched from near Big Shanty to front of Pine Knob.
14. — Heavy skirmishing.
15. — Participated in the battle of Pine Knob.
17. — Occupied enemy's deserted works on Lost Mountain, and fougjit
with the division the battle of Culp's Farm.
19. — Pursued the retreating enemy to Noyes Creek, in a prolonged
and successful skirmish.
21. — Reconnoissance on the Marietta and Powder Springs road; en-
gagement at Grier's plantation.
22. — With brigade drove enemy from important hill within three
miles of Marietta. Remained in works here until Jime 27.
Rain for nineteen consecutive days.
27. — Participated in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain.
30. — Marched two and one half miles to position on tlic right on
Powder Springs road, where it remained until July 2.
July 3. — Advanced, skirmishing all day, occupying and advancing be-
yond enemy's abandoned works, and driving him beyond
Maloney's Church to an intrenched line; 170 prisoners taken.
5. — Marched in pursuit of enemy, to Nickajack Creek, and toward
Turner's Ferry, on Chattahoochee River; skirmishing. City
of Atlanta visible from this point.
6. — Marched to Vining's Station.
7. — Moved two miles further south.
9. — Reached bank of Chattahoochee — skirmishing and capturing
pri.soners — where it remained until July 16.
17. — Crossed Chattahoochee River, and marched toward Buckhcad
and Howell's Mills.
ig. — Crossed Peach Tree Creek, and intrenched.
20. — Participated in the battle of Peach Tree Creek.
22. — Advanced toward Atlanta, z'ia Howell's Mills road, driving en-
emy's skirmishers into city's defenses, and facing a battery
on Marietta Street. Built strong works.
27. — Reconnoissance, capturing enemy's picket pits. Same day went
into .support of siege battery of Parrott guns, remaining until
Aug. 25.
3i8 Soldiers True
Aug. 25. — Moved back with corps to Chattahoochee River, and built strong
works, while remainder of the army massed at Jonesboro.
Sept. 2. — Reconnoissance under Colonel Walker into the city of Atlanta,
which surrendered to him personally. Here the regiment re-
mained on provost duty until Nov. 16.
Nov. 16. — Marched out from Atlanta, on the Savannah campaign, as rear
guard of the Fourteenth Corps, and camped at Decatur.
17. — To Conyer's Station.
18. — Crossed Yellow River, and bivouacked on its east bank.
19. — Crossed the Ulcofauhatchie, and reached Covington.
20. — To Newborn and Shady Dale, via Madison.
21. — Across Little River, to Eatonton,
22. — To Merriweather.
23. — To Milledgeville, where it rejoined corps.
24. — Toward Buffalo Creek.
25. — Drove enemy from marshes about Buffalo Creek.
26. — To Tenville Station, via Sandersville, and destroyed track.
27. — To Davisboro.
28. — Skirmish on the railroad, near Williamson's swamp.
29. — Advanced on Louisville, Ga., road.
30. — Crossed Ogeechee River, and camped near Louisville.
Dec. I. — Marched to vicinity of Bark Camp Church.
2. — To Buck Head Creek, where it drove off enemy's pickets.
3. — To within five miles of Millen. Same day marched three miles
north of town,
4. — Through swamps to Big Horse Creek.
5. — Four miles to Crooked Run, Little Horse Creek, and the South
Fork of the Little Ogeechee.
6-7. — Through swamps and streams to Springfield.
8.— Toward Monteith.
9. — Passed formidable swamps.
10. — Passed Monteith Station, ten miles from Savannah. Developed
enemy in the afternoon. Camped at Five Mile Post.
II. — Participated in siege of Savannah for ten days.
21. — Savannah surrendered to brigade. The regiment was assigned
to provost duty in the city, and remained on this work during
Sherman's occupation of the place, or until Jan. 26, 1865.
1863
Jan. 27. — The command marched, by the Augusta road, on the Carolina
campaign, toward Springfield.
28. — Arrived at Springfield.
29. — Camped three miles from Sister's Ferry, on the Savannah River.
Halted here, because of heavy rains.
Soldiers True 319
Feb. 4. — Crossed, via Sister's Ferry, into South Carolina.
5. — Brigade worked trains through Black Swamp toward Rob-
ertsville,
6. — Passed Lawtonville, and camped near Beech Branch. Heavy
rains.
7. — At midday reached Coosawhatchie Swamp. Labored all night
to bring trains over.
8. — Crossed Beaufort's Bridge, on Big Salkehatchee River, in face
of enemy.
9. — Marched toward Blackville.
10. — Army concentrated on Charleston and Augusta Railroad.
12. — Marched on Columbia road toward JefTcoat's Bridge, on the
North Edisto River, where, after a lively skirmish, the enemy
was driven away.
13. — Crossed river, and marched till eleven o'clock, p. m.
14. — Moved toward Lexington.
15. — Still approaching Lexington — skirmishing all day — and occupied
town in afternoon. Steady rain.
16. — Marched on Two Notch road, toward Columbia.
17. — Columbia surrendered to Fifteenth Corps. Regiment with
division marched to Leaphart's Mill.
18. — Crossed Twelve Mile Creek on pontoons, and marched to
Freshly's Mills, on Broad River, near the mouth of the
Wateree.
20. — Crossed Broad River, and moved toward Winnsboro.
21. — Occupied Winnsboro.
22. — Marched to Wateree Church.
23. — Advanced to Rocky Mount post office, on the Catawba River,
crossed at night, and camped at Hanging Rock. Rain fell
for forty-eight hours.
26. — Marched from Hanging Rock.
27. — Reached Railing's farm.
28. — Crossed Little Lynch's Creek, and camped at Clayburne's.
29. — Continued march through rain and mire.
Mar. 2. — Crossed the Camden and Chesterfield Railroad, and halted at
Big Black Creek.
3. — Marched through steady rain to Chesterfield Court House.
4. — Crossed the North Carolina line at Sneedsboro.
6. — Reached Cheraw, crossed Great Pedee River, and marched to
Smith's Mills, on Wolf Creek.
7. — Arrived at Station No. 103, on the Wilmington, Charlotte, and
Rutherford Railroad.
8. — Marched on the Small Settlement road for McLane's Bridge,
on the Lumber River, in a heavy rain.
9. — Reached Lumber River.
21
320 Soldiers True
Mar. 10. — Crossed and passed Buffalo Creek, and its adjacent swamps.
II. — Marched rapidly toward Fayetteville.
12. — Reached Fayetteville after noon, where communication was
opened with General Terry, at Wilmington, N. C.
15. — Marched in a drenching rain toward Goldsboro, crossing South
River, and skirmishing with the enemy.
16. — Halted by Fifteenth Corps, who had right of way.
19. — Marched rapidly to battlefield of Bentonville. Regiment guard-
ing trains.
22. — Marched from the battlefield.
23. — Reached the Neuse River, passing Falling Creek post office.
Crossed, driving enemy's cavalry, and camped on Smithfield
road.
24. — Entered Goldsboro, where the army remained for seventeen
days.
Apr. 10. — Marched northward on Smithfield road, in driving rain.
II. — Entered Smithfield; skirmishing throughout the day.
12. — Lee's surrender announced.
13. — Marched to suburbs of Raleigh, and encamped.
14. — Negotiations for Johnston's surrender began, which were com-
pleted on the 26th.
30. — Marched for Washington, crossing the Neuse River.
May I. — Crossed the Tar River.
2. — Reached Williamsburg.
3. — Arrived at the Virginia line, at Taylor's Ferry, on the Roanoke
River.
4. — Crossed river, and proceeded toward Saffold's Bridge, on the
Meherrin.
5. — Crossed the Meherrin, and marched toward Blacks and Whites
Station, on the South Side Railroad.
6. — Arrived near Wellville Station.
7. — Crossed the Appomattox River.
8. — Passed Clover Hill coal mines, and camped near Manchester.
9. — Marched through the city of Richmond.
II. — Took up march on the Fredericksburg road.
12. — Crossed the Chickahominy, and camped near Ashland.
13-15. — Proceeding northward, crossed the South and North Anna
Rivers, marched through Spottsylvania Court House, and its
own Chancellorsville battle ground, and crossed the Rappa-
hannock at United States Ford.
16. — Passed Hartwood Church, and camped at Town Creek.
17. — Reached Brentsville, in weather that had grown steadily hotter
during the march.
18. — Passed Bull Run at Woodford's Ford, and camped two miles
from Fairfax Court House.
4
Soldiers True 321
ATay 19. — Marched to Annandale, and thence by turnpike to within three
and one half miles of Alexandria, where it remained four
days.
24. — Participated in the Grand Review, at Washington.
25. — Made camp at Bladensburg, Md., and shortly afterward re-
turned to Washington, and located on Capitol Hill, perform-
ing guard duty at the Carroll and Old Capitol prisons.
July 5. — Finally relieved from active military duty.
19. — Honorably mustered out of the service of the United States.
22. — Embarked for Pittsburg.
23. — Reached Pittsburg, where it secured final payment, and the
men resumed civil life.
Soldiers True
Z^l
Roster and Military Record of Members of the Regiment
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS
M. Schlaiulecker
George A. Cobliain, Jr..
Thomas M. Walker.
Frank J. Osgood
John A. Boyle
James M. Wells
Iliram L. Hlodgett. .
John Richards Bovle
Albert G. Lucas
Alexander Thompson..
William Saeger.
Noah W. Lowell
Wallace B. Stewart. . . .
( icorge P. Oliver
James L. Dunn
D. Hayes Strickland
John Nicholson
James Stokes
Henry F. Conrad
Joseph F. Ake
G. Milton Bradfiekl. ...
Lorenzo D. Williams...
John R. Hamilton
Logau J. Dyke
Marvin D. I'ettit .
John Corrigan ....
Otto Kammerer
Conrad B. Evans...
Zalmon E. Peck
Albert M. Wilhams
Colonel.
Jan. 24,
Jan. 28,
Lt. Col.
Jan.
31,
'02
Major.
Jan.
3,
'02
Ldjntant.
Dec.
c,
'61
"
Nov
3,
'01
"
Oct.
15,
'61
Q. M.
Siu'geon.
Asst. Surg,
Chaplain.
Sgt. Maj.
Q. M. Sgt.
Com. Sgt.
Hosp. St.
Date of
Muster In.
Dec. 23, "01
Mar. 5, '04
Dec. 16,
Jan. 21,
Nov. 25, '01
Jan. 28,
Jan. 11,
Mar. 6.
Apr. 9,
iMilitary Reconl.
Jan. 28, '02
Aug. 6,
Aug. 9,
Feb. 10,
.June 22,
Jan. 28,
Oct. 17,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25, '61
Sept. 21,
Sept. 14,
Jan. 4,
Nov. 3,
Sept. 15,
Res. Nov. 6, '62.
Pro. from Lt. Col. Nov. 7, '62; to Bvt.
Brig. (ien. July 19, '64; killed at Peach
Tree Creek, (ia., July 20, '64.
Pro. from Maj. to Lt. Col. Nov. 7, '62; to
Col. Apr. 23, '65; to Bvt. Brig. Gen.
Jidy 5, '65; wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept.
17, '62, and at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct.
29, '63: m. o. with regiment July 19, '6,5.
Pro. from Capt. Co. K to Maj. May 20.
'65; to Lt. Col. June 7, '65; m. o. with
regiment July 19, '65.
Pris. from Aug. 9. '62, to Jan. 23, '63; pro.
from Ad). Feb. 13, '63; killed at Wau-
hatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63.
Pro. from 1st Lt. Co. F Feb. 14, '63; to
Capt. Co. F May 16, '63.
Pro. from 1st Lt. Co. C May 18, '63; to
Capt. Co. H Mar. 16, '64.
Pro. from 1st Lt. Co. H Mar. 12, '64 ; to
Capt. and Asst. Q. M. U. S. Vols. July
25, '64; disch. bv special order Mar. 20,
'66.
Pro. from 1st Sgt. Co. B Sept. 13, '64;
m. o. with regiment July 19, '65.
Res. Mar. 23, '63.
Pro. from 2d Lt. Co. I May 21, '63; disch.
by special order Apr. 8, '65.
Pro. from Sgt. Co. F to Com. Sgt. Apr.
3, '63; to Q. M. June 6, '65; m. o. with
regiment July 19, '05; Vet.
Res. Nov. 27, '02.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 13, '04.
Disch. Apr. 0, '05; exp. of term.
Pro. from Asst. Surg. May 11, '65; m. o.
with regiment July 19, >65.
Died at Little Washington, Va., Aug. 2,
'62.
Res. Jan. 15, '63.
Pro. to Surg. 174th Regiment P. V Jan.
13, '63.
Res. Apr. 7, '65.
M. o. with regiment July 19, '65.
Res. Mar. 16, '63.
Res. Nov. 4, '64.
Pro. from Private Co. F Sept. 3, '63; wd.,
with loss of arm, at Peach Tree Creek,
(Ja., July 20, '64; m. o. with regiment
July 19, '65; Vet.
Pro. from Corp. Co. F Nov. 1, '62; to 2d
Lt. Co. B Sept. 3, '63.
Tr. to Co. B Sept. 7, '62.
Pro. from Private Co. H Sept. 16, '61 ; m.
o. with regiment July 19 '65; Vet.
Pro. from Corp. Co. A June 26, '65; m. o.
with regiment July 19, '65; Vet.
Pro. from Muc. Co. A; disch. on Surg.
certificate Apr. 2, '63.
Pro, from Private Co. E July 1. '64; m. o.
with regiment July 19, '65; Vet.
324
Soldiers True
Name.
William T. M'Muitrie..
James Baker
♦ Joseph O. Etberington
Carl Zimmerman
Hosp. St.
PI. Muc.
Date of
Muster In.
Dec. 1, '61
Nov. 23, '61
Dec. 27, '61
Oct. 14, '61
Military Record.
Pro. from Private Co. E Jan. 1, '62; disch.
on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
Pro. from Muc. Co. A June 1, '64; m. o.
with regiment July 19, '65; Vet.
Pro. from Muc. Co. K July 1, '64; absent
at m. o. ; Vet.
Pro. from Muc. Co. G Oct. 16, '61; discb.
on Surg, certificate Dec. 22, '62.
COMPANY A
Josiah Brown
John D. Bentley...
Martellus H. Todd,
George Selkregg.
Nelson E. Ames .
Joseph War ford
Cyrus A. Hayes
William D. Ilasbrook
James K. Raymond.
Percy B. Messenger
Louis N. Iiush —
John Vandergritt.
Peter English . .
Austin Corbin
Garret Smith
I'orter J>e\vis. . .
.Joseph Clark
Henry (iiiyger...
Christiiiu Kii)ley.
Hug(i.Iiicol)V
Charles L. Mair..
.lacoli Stanger...
Courad B. Evans.
Albert M. Walton.
Alexander Johnson
Zalmon E. Peck
Lorenzo D. Raymond..
James Baker
Allen, Joseph
Alden, .James F
Adruff, Howard
Aikens, George F
Alnsworth, Aug. A —
Aldrich, Edgar M
Arrance, John
Arrance, Charles
Captain.
1st Lt.
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Sergt'jtnt.
Corporal.
Muc.
Private.
Dec. 6,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 6, '61
Oct. 22,
Nov. 3,
Mar. 11,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3, '61
Nov, 3,
Mar. 1,
Aug. 15,
Nov. 3,
Apr. 9,
Dec. 19,
Mar. 10,
Mar. 26,
Nov. 22,
Aug. 20,
Mar. 8,
Aug. 1,
Jan. 4,
Nov. 2,
Nov.
29,
'61
Nov.
3,
'61
Nov.
3,
'61
Nov.
23,
'61
July
15.
'6S
Feb.
16,
'64
June
4,
'61
Nov.
3,
'61
Nov.
3.
'61
Nov.
3*
'61
Dec.
11,
'61
Dec.
9.
'61
Res. Mar. 10, '62.
Pro. from 1st Lt. Mar. 10, '62; res. Jan.
13, '63.
Pro. from 2d to 1st Lt. Mar. 10, '62; to
Capt. Jan. 16, '63; wd. at Antietam, Md.,
Sept. 17, '62; killed at Dallas, Ga., May
25, '64; burled in Marietta and At-
lanta Nat. Cem., Marietta, Ga., sec. C,
grave 6.
Pro. from 2d Lt. Co. F Nov. 1, '64; m. o.
with company July 19, '65.
Pro. from 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt. Mar. 10,, '62 ;
died at Little Washington, Va., Aug.
28, '62.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Pro. from 1st Sgt. Jan. 16, '63; cap. at
Peach Tree Cieek, Ga., July 20, '64;
disch. Mar. 14, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20.
'64; discb. by special order Mar. 31, '65;
Vet.
Died at TuUahoma, Tenn., Dec. 8, ol
wounds received at Lookout Mountain
Nov. 24, '63; buried in Nat. Cem., Stone
River, grave 203.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 19, '63.
Disch. Apr. 24, '65; exp. of term.
Died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Dec. 2, '62.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate June 27, '65.
Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20.
'64 j pro. to Com. Sgt. June 26, '65.
Wd. inaction July 1, '64; missing in action
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 'M :
Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Pro. to Com. Sgt., date unknown.
Disch. on Surg, certificate June 25, '62.
Pro. to PI. Muc. June 1, '64; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Absent, in arrest, at m. o. ; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 14, '62.
Disch. on Sing, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 17, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 24, '63.
Died at Alexandria, Va., Sept. 3, '62.
» This man was unintentionally and excusably absent at muster out, and should have
his record corrected under Act of Congress approved July 5, 1884.
Soldiers True
325
Babcock, Beujamin.
Brace, William
Baker, .Josepli W...
Bohr, Mattiiias
Broiiliy, Joseph
Becker, (Jeorge W..
Babcock, .John J
Barnett, William F.
Burton, Spencer S..
Boovee, Daniel
Bassett, William....
Bariihart. Alonzo. ..
Bradley, Joseph (i..
Briggs, Warren
Brace, Henry
Brooks, Charles S. .
Baker, Orson
Baker, Perry
Beartlsley, Adam C.
Correll, William A..
Calkins, William I)
Cook, -John II
Clark, William II.
('longh, Walter
Carlin, James
Davids, .Fames
Davis, Lawrence B.
Donahoe. Seth
Deming, Sonth'd J..
Davids, Leonard J.
Davids, Andrew J..
Dexter, Oscar W
Dauer, Adam
Day, Marlon
Ermin, Joseph.
Ernest, Henry.
Emerson, Franklin...
Emerson, Harrison...
Ferris, Thomas
Ferris, Stephen
Fiillim, Thomas
Fox, Th(mias
Fritz, Frederick
Fuchs, Jacob
Farrensworth, Oliver.
Ferris, Matthias W...
Fellows. Kiiliraim K..
Fisher, I'hilip
Ferris, Austin
Gauster, Jacob
Goodwin, Tyrus
Grant, Aaron
Private.
Grow, Henry.
Military Record.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.,Jnly20,'64;
m. o. with coniiiany .Inly 1'.), 'GSjVet.
Nov. 25, '61 M. o. with company .Inly 19, '(15; Vet.
Nov. .'i, 'Gl M. o. with company .Inly 19. '(iS; Vet.
Aug. IT, 'In! M. o. with company .Inly 19, 'Oo.
Aug. 1."), 'ty.i M. o. with company ,Iuly 19, 't;.").
Ang. 1.'), '(;;5 M. o. with company July 19, 'G.').
Feb. 10, '64 M. o. with company .Inly 19, '6.5.
Aug. 18, 'a'i Disch. Aug. H, to date July 19, '65.
Feb. 15, '64T)isch. by general order July 11, '65.
Nov. 3, '61! Disch. oil Surg, (•(■rtillcatc j-'cD. 11, '62.
Nov. 3, '61 Disch. Oct. 'I'.i for wounds, with loss of leg,
j received at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Nov. 3, "61 Disch. on Snrg. certificate Oct. 25, '02.
Nov. 3, '61| Disch. for wounds received at Cedar
.Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
Nov. 23, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate July 14, '62.
Nov. 28, '61 1 Disch. on Snrg. certificate Jan. 6, '63.
Jan. 23, '62| Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 16, '62.
Nov. 3, '61! Died at Baltimore, Md., Apr. 24, '62.
Nov. 3, '61 Died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Nov. 28, '62.
'61 Disch. on writ of habeas corpus Jan.
25, '62.
Nov. 3, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate July 13, '62.
Jan. 23, '61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; disch.
on Surg, certificate Apr. 9, '63.
Jan. 27, '64 Wd. in action June 19, '64; pris. from
Mar. 6 to Apr. 28, '65; disch. by gen-
eral order June 15, '65.
.Ian. 25, '62 Di(!d Oct. 13 of wounds received at An-
tietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62 ; buried in Nat.
Cem., sec. 26, lot C, grave 236.
'6rDes. Apr. 10, '6.3.
'62j Disch. on writ of habeas corpus, date uu-
I known.
'61[M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 M. o. with fonipaiiv July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. o. witli cDinpany July 19, '65.
'61, Wd. at licsaca, (la.. May 1.5, '64; dishon-
orably disch. May 11, '68, to date July
I 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 23, '62.
'61 Disch. Nov. 4, '64 ; exp. of term.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 22, '6.!.
'62 Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
'62 Died at Baltimore, Md., of wounds re-
ceived at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug.
9, '62.
'62 Wd. at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '64; ab-
sent, in hospital, at m. 0. ; Vet.
'62 Tr. to Co. A iSth Regiment Vet. Reserve
Corps; disch. by general order June
I 28, '65.
'61 Disch. on Snrg. certificate June 25, '62.
'61 Died at Krcderlfk, Md., Sept. 19, '62.
'61, M. o. with I'oiiipany July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with (•<inii>aiiy July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with (•(iinpany July 19, '65; Vet.
'63 M. o. with (•(iiii]i,iny July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'62 Disch. by general order July 14, '65.
'64 Absent, sick, at ni. o.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate June 25, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 23, '62.
'62 Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
'61 Died at Winchester, Va.. Aug. 10, '62.
'62 Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
'61 Disch. Oct. 29 for wounds received at
I Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
'61 Disch. Apr. 9, '63, for wounds received in
action.
'62 Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
Nov.
3,
Jan.
Dec.
10.
Jan.
3,
Jan.
27,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
8.
Nov.
3,
Jan.
6,
Aug.
25,
Jan.
«.
Jan.
5,
July 14,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
3,
Dec.
21,
Aug.
14,
May
14,
Sept. 12,
Feb.
24,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
Oi)
Sept.
12,
Nov.
'^,
Sept.
12,
Nov.
3,
Dec.
13,
Sept.
8)
326
Soldiers True
Name.
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
Gross, Milo
GleasoH, Volney K...
Henderson, James W
Harrison, David C .
Henry, William
Henry, George
Hawkins, Tiafayette.
Herrigle, Frederick.
Huntley, Keudrick..
Huckelberry, Wash
Hinton, James
Hess, William
Hall, SethJ
Johnston, Richard..
Johnston, James E. .
Joslin, William H
Johnston, Charles S.
Kaufman, Albert —
Link, Matthias
Lohman, Charles
Laddy, Patrick
Lilly, John W
Loveless, Nelson. ..
Lovell, Franklin
Maguire, Philip
Mayfleld, Charles
Maurer, John
Miller, Monroe
Murphy, John
Makni, Hezekiah
Mattison, Ames H. . .
Mindock, Demas
Malviu, Anthony
Martin. Harrison W.
M'Klnney, Rohert...
M'Cray, James ,
Nabholtz. Frederick,
Nicholas, Thomas...
Olmstead, Zalmon R
Pilf, Felix
Palmer, Ralph
Parsons, Henry
Preble, Chauucey H
Pierce, Franklin M.,
Robinson, John A..,
Rodgers, William.,,,
Private.
Nov. 22,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 22.
Nov. 3.
Jan. 8,
Nov. 22,
July 21,
Dec. 22,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 2,
July 15,
Feb. 13,
Mar. 3,
Apr. 17,
Oct. 6,
Aug. 18,
Aug. 18,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 22,
Dec. 19,
Nov. 3,
July 17,
Aug. 8,
Aug. 18.
Feb. 24,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 4.
Jan. 4,
Dec. 2,
Nov. 3,
'61
'61
Nov.
3,
Nov.
3,
Aug.
18,
Aug.
17.
Nov.
3,
Aug.
14,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
3,
Nov.
3,
Dec.
13.
Aug.
15,
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62;
killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, '64; Vet.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64 ; killed at
Peach Tree Creek July 20, '64; buried
in Marietta and Atlanta Nat. Cem.,
IMarietta, Ga., sec. G, grave 158; Vet.
'6l'M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 iSI. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62jDisch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 6, '62; re-
enlisted Mar. 10, '64; m. o. with com-
pany July 19, '65.
'6l'Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 11, '62.
'62 Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
'61 Killed at Chancellorsville.Va., May 3. '63.
'61 Died at Alexandria, Va., Oct. 9, of
wounds received at Cedar Mountain,
Va., Aug. 9, '62; grave 3;37.
'61!Died at Baltimore, ISId., May 1, '62.
'61 Died at Kernstown, Va.. June 28, '62;
buried in Nat. Cem., Winchester, Va.,
lot 17.
'61 'Died June 1 of wounds received at Dal-
las, Ga., May 27, '64 ; buried in Marietta
and Atlanta Nat. Cem., Marietta, Ga.,
sec. H, grave 443.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, "65.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
Des.; returned; absent at m. o.
'63 M. o. with company Julv 19, '65.
'63 Disch. by general order "July 19, '65.
"61, Disch. on Surg, certificate June 25, '62.
61 1 Disch. for wounds received at Cedar
INIountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
eilCap. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63;
' died at Audersonville, Ga., Nov. 4, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., Millen, Ga., sec.
A, grave 240.
6l'Des. Sept. 17, "62.
'63 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
""" Wd. in action June'24, "64; absent at m. o.
Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.. July 20,
'64; disch. by general order May 31, '65.
Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Nov., '63.
Wd. at Lookout Mt., Tenn.. Nov. 24, '63;
killed at Dallas, Ga.. May 27, '64; Vet.
Died at Front Royal, Va., July 16, '62.
'62 Died at Baltimore, Md., Apr. 25, '62.
'61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62,
and at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 19,
'64; absent at m. o. ; Vet.
'61 pes. May 24. "62; returned; absent, .sick,
at m. o. ; disch. Aug. 31. '67, to date July
19, '65.
'611 Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 22, '62.
"61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 23, '62.
'63 M. o. with companv July 19, "65.
'63 M. 0. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Dropped from rolls Oct. 15, '62.
"63 Wd.at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; absent at m. o.
'eiDisch. on Surg, certificate July 13, '62.
'6l! Disch. on Surg, certificate June 6, '63.
'61 Killed at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; Vet.
'61|Died at Smoketowu, Md., of wounds re-
I ceived at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62,
'61jM. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet,
'631 M. 0. with company July 19, '65.
'61
Soldiers Truk
Z^7
Military Uecord.
Kobliiiis, ,I(ilin
Jviiliards, Kdwaicl..
Kcyiiolds, Clayton D..
Kcyiiolds, Charles S .,
Kaymoiid, Sidney D..
Rhodes, David B
Ruble, Charles E
Raymond, James R. ..
Robinson, George
Rickey, Francis..
Schneider, William...
Surou, John H
Sassaman, John
Schmidt, James
Smith, James Y
Schubert, Aloysius ..,
Tate, David
Thompson, H. A
Triscuit, Jefferson
Vanlouven, A. G
Vandervort, Abraham
Walding, Welder E...
Walling, William H.
Ward, William...
Wilson. David
Waltz, Frederick.
Winters. Sterhng
Wise, William H.
Williams, Jacob F
I'rivate,
Nov. 22, '61
Nov.
3,
•61
Nov.
3,
'Gl
Jan.
Dec.
6,
5,
■6-2
'61
Nov. 3, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 11, '62.
Nov. 3, '61 Wd. at Antietani, Md., Sept. 17, '62; pris.
from Mar. 8 to May 5, '65; disch. by
general order.Iimel5,'65; Vet.
Wd. at Chaiicellorsville, Va., May 3,
'63; disch. on Surg, certificate Sept.
8. '63.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 0, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 14, '63.
Tr. to Vet. Keserve Corps July 5, '64;
disch. by general order July 12, '65; Vet.
Ti . to Vet. Reserve Corps Nov. 15, '63.
Killed at Wauhatehie, Tenn.,()ct. 29, '63;
buried in Nat. Cem., Chattanooga, sec.
B, grave 11.
Mar. 6, '04 Died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 12, of
wounds received at Dallas, (Ja., May
25, '64; buried iu Nat. Cem., sec. K,
grave 2,804.
Des. Mar. 10, XA ; Vet.
Died at Pittsburg, Pa., Mar. 20,'64; buried
in Allegheny Cem.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. Ijy general order Sept. 25, »65.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. Nov. 4, '64; exp. of term.
Disch. Jan. 7, '63, for wounds received at
I Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62.
Nov. 3, »6l^Wd.. with loss of arm, at Antietani, ]\Id.,
Sept. 17, '62; disch. on Surg, certificate
Nov. 4, '63.
'611 Des. Nov. 28, '61.
Dec. 6, "61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62;
des. Mar. 3, '63; returned Apr. 6, '64;
in. o. with company July 19, '65.
Dec. 6, '61 Des. Sept. 17, '62; returned Apr. 6, '64;
wd. at Cedar Mountain. Va., Aug. 9,
'62, and at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64 ; m. o.
with company July 19, '65.
Feb. 23, '64 M. 0. with company July 19, '6.5.
Feb. 15, '64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
July 15, '63 Absent, sick, at ni. o.
Dec. 31, '61 Disch. ou Surg, certificate Oct. 9, "62.
Apr. 21, '62 Disch. Apr. 24, '65; exp. of term.
Nov. 3, '61 1 Des. Nov. 4, '62.
Nov.
'>o
'61
Feb.
15,
'64
Aug.
15,
'63
Aug.
17,
'63
Aug.
14,
'63
Aug.
14,
'63
Sept
Feb.
8,
•62
19,
'64
Feb.
•)
•64
Nov.
25,
'61
Nov.
21,
'61
COMPANY B
Arthur Corrigan. ..
W. P. Laugworthy.
Wallace B. Warner
William Geary
John J. Haight —
Marvin D. Pettit. . .
George King
Mills F. Allison
Albert G. Lucas . • .
Captain.
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Dec. 31. 61 Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, "62.
Sept. 21, '61 Pro. from 1st Lt. Nov. 24. '62; disch. on
Surg, certificate Feb. 9, '63.
Oct. 1, '61|Pro. from 2d' to 1st Lt. Nov. 24, '62; to
Capt. Feb. 10, '63; wd. at Wauhatehie,
Tenn., Oct. 29, '63; res. Mar. 15, '64.
Mar. 10, '62' Disch. Apr. 8, '65; e.xp. of term.
Nov. 9, '61 Pro. from 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt. Jan. 15. '63; to
1st Lt. Feb. 10. '63; to Capt. June 24, '65.
wd. at Wauhatehie, Tenn.. Oct. 29, '63.
and at Grier's Farm, Ga., June 21, '64,
m. o. with company Julv 19. 65.
Nov. 25. '61 Pro. from Sgt. Ma]. Sept. 3, '63; killed at
Wauhatcnie. Tenn.. Oct. 29, 63.
Feb. 18, "62 M. o. with company July 19, '65
Nov. 2, '61|Wd. at Gettysburg, Pa.. July 3, '63; tr.
I to Vet. Reserve Corps, date unknown.
Mar. 5, ^64 Pro. from Private to Sgt. Mar 18. 64; to
I 1st Sgt. May 3, '64; to Adj Sept. 13, 64.
328
Soldiers True
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
William H. Hawkins..
George W. Chappel
Elliott C. Young...
William E. Kii.sli
Joseph A. M'Gee.
Edson C. Hills
Walker H. Hogue.
Sergeant.
Robert jNI. Watson...
i
James M'Aiiley, Sr I Corporal.
William A. Selby
Charles B. Haight..
Henry W. Elsworth..
Edward A. Younj
Austin W. Merrick..
J. K. Broughton, Si'.
William Gray
David M'Neil
Miletus T little
John S. Good
James Dolan
Knfiis M. Ross
i'hineas Bnrnbani. . .
Alters, Thomas
Anderson. Thomas J.
Arbuckle, Samuel
Alger. Milo.
Annitage, Isaac
Austin, William
Blizzard, Benjamin. . .
Blizzard, Wdliam
Black. William
Baker, Edward
Buhl, George
Brown, William
Brown, Thomas
Barberick, John
Brown, Charles
Benedick, William.. .
Brown, Reuben. . .
Bendel, Gottlieb
Broughton, J. K., Jr.
Blanchard, William F.
Boccis, Peter
Beauler, Eugene..
Connor, Gilbert S.
Campbell, William
Cobb, Edgar
Calhoun, Norman.
Collett, William. .
Conner, Abel
Miie.
Private.
Dec. 15,
Oct. 10,
Oct. 10,
Mar. 10,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
'61 M. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Wd. at Gettysburg, Pa.. July 3, '63; in. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'GljM. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 M. o, with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Discli. on Surg, certilicate Mar. 2, '63.
'61 KilledatChancellorsville, Va.,May3, '63.
'61 Killed al Dallas, Ga., May 31, '64; buried
j in Marietta and Atlanta Nat. Cem.,
Marietta, sec. A, grave 842; Vet.
'01 Died at Winchester, Va.. Jidy 6, '62;
i buried in Nat. Cem., lot 9.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61, Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63;
m. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'01 Wd. at Aiitietani, Md., Sept. 17, '62; m. o.
I with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61, Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62. and
at Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 17, '64; m. o.
I with company July 19, '65; Vet.
CI DIsch. Nov. 1 for wounds received at
Cedar INIonntam, Va., Aug. 9, '62; re-
enlisted Feb. 29, '64; disch. by general
order July 7, '65.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certiticate May 16, '62.
'61 Disch on Surg, certificate Nov. l, '62.
'62 Disch. Apr. 2, '65; exp. of term.
'61 Disch. by general order June 21, '65; Vet.
'61 Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17. '62.
'63 Sub. ; wd. at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '64 ;
des. Aug. 24, '64.
■6rM. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Died at Alexandria, Va., July 18, '62;
I grave 94.
'61, Wd. at Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 17, '64,
I m. o. with company July 19, '65: Vet.
'61 M. o with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'63 Sub.; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 16, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 6, '63.
•63 Sub.; des. Oct.. '63.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
"61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
•63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 Sub. ; wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn.. Oct. 29.
'63; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 Sub.; wd. at Savannah, Ga.,'Dec. 21, '64;
I m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61jDisch. on Surg, certificate May 16, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certiticate Jan. 17, '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 30, '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 4, 'Gi.
'61 Disch. by general order June 6, '65.
'61 Killed at Dallas, Ga., May 31, '64; buried
in Marietta and Atlanta Nat. Cem.,
Marietta, sec. A, grave 840.
Feb. 10, '64 Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, ■'64; tr. to 6th
Regiment Vet. Reserve Corps Dec. 30.
'64 ; disch. Aug. 5, '65.
'63 Sub.; des. Oct.. '63.
'61 Des. Feb. 10, '62.
Nov. 2,
Dec. 1,
Dec. 30,
Oct. 15,
Oct. 10,
Nov. 10,
Nov. 10,
Dec. 9,
Nov. 2,
Feb. 28,
Nov. 18,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 26,
Dec. 18,
Dec. 1,
Nov. 16,
July 17,
Dec. 20,
Dec. t,
Aug. 26,
May 8,
Mar. 10,
June 4,
June 1,
Aug. 26,
July 11,
July 11,
Nov. 27,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 20,
June 4,
Nov. 20,
Aug. 26,
Dec. 15.
Dec. 15,
Aug. 26.
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Feb. 4,
Jan. 27,
Wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Sub.; absent, in arrest, at m. o.
Disch. by general order June 6, '65.
Wd. at Gettysburg. Pa.. July 3, '63;
disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 28, '64.
Disch. May 1, '65; exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 13, '62.
Soldi liKS Tkli:
329
Caldwell, Marvin A.
Cook, John VV.
Cevfll, Andrew J. . .
Crockor, Kenzi. . .
Cornwall. .lolin . ..
Dixon, Alexander..
Disney, Tbonias B.
Downey, .John
Donaluie, Patrick..
Dannals, Silas A.. .
l)t'wt'y, Frank
Dunn, ,lohn
Dolliver, Adelbeit.
Disney, William B ...
Dond, Samuel
Ernest, Henry .. . .
Evans, Henry J
Fleminy;, Thomas J..
Formal!, Carl
Foley, .fames .
Glenn, William (J.
Goodwill, (ieorge A.
Goodwill, Aaron 15.
Godell, George F.
Gcrohe, William
Hasson, Benjamin .
Honster, William II
Hays, Milo 1)
Hn^liey, George
Haskell, Richard. ...
Ilahn, John —
Ileisey, George W .
Hunt. Charles
Johnson. William. .
*.l(>iies, William M.
Koch, William
Kuhn, Cliarles
Liidwig. Springer.
Lohdell, Charles..
Long, Edward
Lawit'iice, Matthew. , .
Light, William H
Locker, Frank
Loehlin, .John
Littletield, James M ..
Matthews, William. ..
Matthews, Thomas W
Mick, Samuel B
Merii(;k, Homer .1
Miillherrlng, Michael..
Meyers, John
Date of
.Muster In.
Military Ki-corrt.
Moore, Freelaud.
Mauley, John
Private. [ Nov. 22,
" ! Dec. 17,
Dec. 15.
Dee. 20.
Sept. 21,
Feb. 10.
.Jan. 23,
Ang. 26,
Aug. 26,
Nov. 18,
Nov. 2,
Dec. 29,
Jaa. C,
Sept. 1.'),
Feb. 26,
July 14,
Nov. 2,
Feb. 26,
Aug. 26,
Ang. 26,
Mar. 2,
Nov. 2,
Feb. 16, '64
Aug. 26, '63
Dee.
16,
•61
Jan.
1.5,
'62
Feb.
9.
•64
Nov.
9.
'61
Nov.
9,
'61
Dec.
23,
•61
Aug.
26,
'63
Nov.
2,
'61
Apr.
12,
'64
Aug.
26.
'63
Oct.
15,
'61
Ang.
27,
'63
Ang. 26, '63
June
1,
'61
Nov.
9.
'61
Nov.
0
'61
Aug.
1,
'62
Feb.
26,
'W
Aug.
1,
'62
Ang.
26,
'63
Feb.
10,
'64
Oct.
10,
'61
Feb.
u.
'62
Jan.
4,
'62
Feb.
26,
'tH
Feb.
12,
'64
Nov.
2,
'61
Aug.
17,
'63
Aug.
26.
'63
Dlscli. on Surg, certificate Dec. 29, '62.
Discli. on Surg, certilicate Jan. 1.5, '63.
Wd. at Cliancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63;
tr. to Vet. Keseive Corps, date iin-
I known.
Des. .July 19, '62.
Des. Feb. it;, '64; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '6.5.
M. o. w nil (;ompany July 19, '65.
Sub.; Ir. to Vet. Reserve Corp.s; disch.
I Ang. 26, '65.
Sub.; absent, sick, at m. o.
Discli. on Surg, certificate Mar. IS, '63.
Disch. June 17, '65.
Discli. on Surg, certilicate Mar. 20, '63.
Bris. from Mar. 6 to Apr. 2, '6.5; disch
I June 10, to date May 10, '65; Vet.
Disch. by general order .June 6, '65.
Died at Louisville, Ky., Sept. 17, '64.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. on Surg, certificate May 16, '62.
M. 0. with eonipain .fiily 19, "65.
Sub.; ties, .(line 2.;, '6.").
Sub.; ties. Nov. 11, '64.
M. o. with company July 19, ■t;,5.
Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenii.. Oct. 29, '63;
absent, sick, at m. o.
Died at Louisville, Ky., July 21, '64;
burietl in Nat. Cem., sec. B, range 11,
grave lU.
Sub. ; wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29.
'63; tiled at Bridgeport, Ala., May 12,
'64; buried in Nat. Cem., Chattanooga,
grave .■i'22.
Killetl at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29. "63.
M. o. with company .July 19, 'i)5; Vet.
M. t). with t;ompany .July 19, "65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate May Ki, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 21. "62.
Died at Harper's Ferry, V'a., Nov. 14. '62.
Sub. ; ties. Nov. 23, '63.
Des. Apr. 14, ■(>4.
Not on in. o. roll.
Sub. ; tr. to U. S. Navy, date unknown.
Des, F'eb. 24, "135; V'et.
Sub.; wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29.
'63;tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Feb. 3,'i>4.
Sub.; killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct.
29, '63; buried in Nat. Cem., Chatta-
nooga, grave 12.
M. o. with company .Inly 19, '65.
Wd. atCetlar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9. '62;
disch. on Sur^^ eei tilicate Nov. 19. '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 14. '63.
Disch. by general or<ler .lune 6. '&5.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Feb. 11. '65.
Disch. by general t)rtler June 6, '65.
Sub. ; des. Oct., '63.
Died Apr. 9, '64; buried in Allegheny
Cem., Pittsburg, Pa.
M. o. with company .July 10, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company .Inly 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with comi)any .Inly 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company .July 19, '65.
Absent, in arrest, at in. o.
Disch. on Surg, certificate, date iinkn own ;
died June 27, '04; buried in Nat. Cem.,
Chattanooga. Tenn., grave 307.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Sub.; tr. to U. S. Navy, date unknown.
♦ Error. Killed by guerrillas near Broad River, S. C. Feb. 22, 1805.
330
Soldiers True
Same.
Military KecorJ.
Miller, James T
Miller, Charles
Muiphy, Patrick
Miller, Frederick
Moian. John
M' Donald. Perry
M'Laughlin, Charles,
M'Gauthev. William
M Gill, William J .
M'Gee. James P . ,
MGee, John J
MDermott. Philip..,
M"Ginniss, Heurv...
-M'Clellan. William...
-M'Clellan, Chauncey .
M'Nally. Daniel
M'Auley. James, Jr..
MCree," Cyrus M.. .
M'Fadden. James..,
Nobles, Joseph B ..,
O'Brian, Joseph B..,
Pike. James
Patton. John R
Pratt. Edward P....
Phillips. John
Parshall, George E.
Pike, Henry ,
Roner, John
Rounds, Milo D
Rushenberger, J. J
Richmond. Mat's C.
Richardson. John M
Reuss, George B
Riley, Peter
Roskin. William
Smith, John J
Swineford, George W
Self ridge, William
Smith, John O
Snyder, William
Sey bert, Frederick
Sutley, Geramil
Shay, Silas
Sidmore, John
Swartz. Alexander.. .
Sweet, Orrin
Shaffer, James
Starmer, Henry. .. ..
Streeter, Hollis
Private.
Aug.
Oct.
Mar.
Mar.
Nov.
Oct.
Nov.
Aug.
Aug.
Nov.
Nov.
Mar.
Dec.
Nov.
July
Oct.
Nov. 2. '61,Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn.. Oct. 29. '63;
tr. to Co. D, date unknown.
Dec 20, '61 Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., Julys, '&;
I buried in Nat. Cem., sec. D, grave 55.
July 17, '63 Sub.; died Oct. 30 of wounds received at
I Wauhatchie. Tenn.. Oct. 29. '63: buried
I in Nat. Cem.. Chattanooga, grave 244.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; died in Louisville. Ky.. Aug. 6, of
I wounds received at Pine Knob, Ga..
I June 15, ■64; buried iu Nat. Cem., sec.
H, giave 606.
Sub.i des. Oct. 18. 63.
M. o. with company Julv 19, '65.
Disch. Aug. 26, to date July 19, '65.
Disch. by general order June 6, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certifieate Oct. 13, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 16, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 5. '63.
Sub. ; disch. on Surg, certificate Mar.
20, '64.
Disch. by general order June 6, '65.
Killed at Cedar .Mountain. Va., Aug. 9, '62.
Killed at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Died at Bolivar Heights. Va., Dec. 1, '62.
Des. June 23. '65.
Des. Dec. 10. "62.
.Sub. ; des. Nov. il, '64.
Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn.. Oct. 29, "63;
killed at Culp"s Farm, Ga., June 17, '64 ;
I Vet.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub.; died at Murfreesboro. Tenn., Jan.
1 23, '64 ; buried in Nat.Cem., Stone River,
I grave 516.
^L 0. with company July 19, "65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 29, '62.
Tr. to Vet.Reserve Corps, date unknown.
Died at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 19, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. F, grave 268.
Died at Fairfax, Va.. Oct. 21, '62; buried
Apr. 23, "(Jl. in Alexandria, grave 1,836.
Sub. ; disch. Sept. 6, to date July 19, 65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 2. '62.
Disch. on Surg, certifieate Feb. 13, '63.
Sub. : disch. bv general order June 15,'65.
Wd. at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, "62; killed
j I at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; buried
' in Nat. Cem., sec. D, grave 54.
i Aug. 26. '63 Sub. ; missing in action at Grier's Farm,
I i Ga., June 30. '64.
Sub.; des. Oct., '63.
Sub.; des. Oct., 63.
M. 0. with company July 19. "65; Vet.
yi. 0. with company July 19, "65; Vet.
>L o. with company July 19, "6.5; Vet.
M. o. with company .July 19. '65.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. Oct. 6 for wounds received at
Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 10, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 14, '63.
Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63,
and at Dallas. Ga., May 25, '64; pris.
Feb. 23 to Apr. 13, '65; disch. June 10, to
date May 10, '65; Vet.
Sub. ; disch. on Surg.certificate Mar. 1, '65.
Sub. ; wd. at Wauhatchie. Tenn.. Oct. 29.
I '63; tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Apr. 3,
'W; des. Mav 7. '65.
Nov. 2, '61, Died at Fort MHenry, Md., Julv 11, '62.
Jan.
11,
'62
Mar.
12.
•62
Dec.
16,
•61
Dec.
oo
•61
Feb.
24,
'64
Jan.
11,
'62
Aug.
17,
•63
.Nov.
2,
'61
Nov.
27,
•61
Aug.
26,
'6.-;
Dec.
2,
'61
Aug
25.
•63
Aug.
26.
•63
Oct.
10,
'61
Nov.
30,
'fil
Jan.
22,
'62
Feb.
10,
'64
Aug.
26.
'63
Aug.
26.
'63
Feb.
18.
■64
Nov.
2,
'61
Jan.
4,
'02
Nov.
20,
'61
Oct.
15,
'61
Aug.
26,
•63
Aug.
26.
'63
Soldiers True
331
Name.
Siiiitli, George
Suhnore, James. . .
Smith, Robert P
Shaw, .lohn
Sturges, Samuel
Smith, Henry
Sloan, James
Tubbs, John T
Tattle, Manley
Thompson, II. T
Thompson. Ibhar
Van Horn, Jonathan
Van Solin, Frederick
Williams. William H.
Wilson, George
Wallace, Frank
Winters, John
Wagner, Jacob
White, David
Watson, John T
Williams, David . ..
Writner, Daniel.
White. George W ..
Wilson .lohn
Wilson Henry
Young, Ralph M
Zimmerman, Bruno. .
Private.
Date of
Muster In.
.luly 11,
Nov. 18,
'63
•CI
Military Keconi.
Feb. 10, '64
July 17.
Dec. 20,
July 17, 'C.3
Aug. 2.5,
Nov. 2,
Dec. 30,
Dec. 10,
July 17,
Aug. 26,
Aug. 25,
Feb. 9,
Aug. 25,
Aug. 18,
Aug. 15,
Feb. 13,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 26,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 26,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 26,
Sub.; killed at Dallas, (ia.. May 31, '64:
buried m Marietta and Atlanta Nat.
Cem., Marietta, sec. A, grave 7;i3.
Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenu., Oct. 29, '63;
killed at Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 17, '64;
Vet.
Died at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 22, '64; buried
ill Marietta and Atlanta Nat. Cem.,
Marietta, sec. B, grave 49.
Sub.; des. Oct., 'ta.
Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63;
killed near Broad River, S. C, Feb., '65;
Vet.
Sub. ; tr. to Co. H, 19th Regiment Vet.
Reserve Corps ; disch. by general order
July 24, '65.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 18, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 9, 'C2.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 30, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 14, '63.
Sub. ; tr. to U. S. Navy, date unknown.
Sub. ; killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct.
29, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct., '63.
M. o. with company .Inly 19, '65.
'63 Sub. ; m. o. witli company July 19, '65.
'63 M. o. with company .inly 10, '65.
'63|Disch. by general order May 26, '65.
'62 Disch. by general oidt-r .JunV (i, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certilieate May 16, '62.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 18, '62.
Disch. Oct., '64; exp. of term.
Sub. ; tr. to Co. F Oct. 31, '63.
Died at Baltimore, Md., May 10, '62.
Sub. ; des. Oct., '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 9, '63.
Dropped from rolls, date unknown.
Sub. ; wd. at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '64 ;
disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 11, '65.
COMPANY C
Richard Cross
O. H. P. Ferguson
Hiram L. Blodgett
William C. Hay...
Jolin McFarland
Philetus I). Fowler..
Benjamin F. Eddy...
Albert F. Glazier
John D. Evans
Myron P. (Jerred
.lames E. Butterfield
Ebenezer F. Allen...
Theodore W. Mills..
Wyley L. Mackey
Jacob Flitter
William H. Joslin....
Captain.
1st Lt.
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Sergeant.
Corporal.
Dec. 4, '61 Res. Apr. 23, '62.
Nov. 3, '61 Pro. from 1st Lt. May 1, '62; disch. May
1, '65; exp. of term.
Nov. 3, '61 Pro. from 2d Lt. May 1, '62; to Adj. May
18, '63.
Sept. 15, '61 Pro. from 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt. May 1, '62; to
1st Lt. May 23, '63; toCapt. Co. H. Jan.
lY, 'Rj; wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.,
July 20, '64.
Feb. 5. '62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
Nov. 2, '61iPro. from 1st Sgt. Sept. 3, '63; disch. on
Surg, certificate July 20, '64.
Oct. 20, '6l'M. o. with company .Inly 19, '65; Vet.
Sept. i), '61 M. o. with comi)aiiy July 19, '65; Vet.
Oct. 28, '6i;Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
I '64 ; m. o. with company July 19,'65 ; Vet.
Nov. 1, '61 M. o. with company July 19, '(S; Vet.
Nov. 3, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 20, '62.
Nov. 3, '61j Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17,'C2 ; killed
I at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63.
Nov. 3, '61 Killed at Antietam, Md.. Sept. 17, '62.
Oct. 5, '6I1 Wd. and cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga. ;
July 20, '64; des. June 26. '65; Vet.
Oct. 17, '61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
m. o. with company .July 19, '65; Vet.
Sept. 28, '61 Wd. atCJettysbnrg. Pa., July 3, '63, and
at Resaca, Ga.. May 15, '64; m. o. with
1 company July 19, '65; Vet.
332
Soldiers Trl'E
Name.
Al Hilary Record.
Robert Donnell
Richard Serrillie
Thomas J. Sweeney.
John Miuiroe
Trnnian, Galnsha —
Richard L. Hartshorn
E. Y. Sedgwick
J. Van Buskirli
C. D. WiHiaras
John L. Lederer
Ayers, Edward I
Aubrey, Ahuond (i . . .
Aird, James
Barlow, Tliomas
Byrne, Daniel
BerrinRer, David
Beck, Jacob B
Bliss, Clark A
Brown, David J
Brindle, William
Brindle, Wesley
Bean, Franklin..
Burns, Francis
Brindle, John
Bateman, Joseph
Barr, John M
Bond, Sylvester.
Burk, Christian
Burk, John
Brown, Wesley
Beck, Frederick G
Breene, William
Croasdale, Alfred B..
Carney, John N
Case, John
Caldwell, William
Cleaver, Mahlon F....
Culver, Lewis A
C'aughey, John F
Cornish, Albert
Cole, John
Conner, John, Jr
Coffee, Cornelius
Chapman, William O.
Conner, Thomas
Coree, Frederick
Craig, John
Dewey, Alonzo G
Dawkins, Alfred
Day, George W
Corporal. Jan. 19, '62
Muc.
Private.
Aug. 28,
Feb. 8,
Jan. 8,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 20, '61
Nov.
Nov.
Nov. 24,
Sept. 23,
Jan. 30,
Nov. 3,
Feb. 2,
Feb. 24,
Oct. 16,
Jan. 5,
July 10,
Jan. 7,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 1,
Feb. 5,
Nov 24,
Nov. 15,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3, '61
Feb. 26, '64
Aug. 28,
July 15,
Aug. 27,
Feb. 20,
Aug. 28,
Mar. 10,
Jan. 11.
Oct. 20,
Mar. 5,
Mar. 12,
Feb. 25,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Apr. 8,
Aug. 28,
Nov. 3,
July 17,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 22,
Jan. 24,
Aug. 26,
Nov. 3,
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept 17, '62, and
wd. and cap. at Peach Tree Creek,
Ga., July 20, '64; m. o. with company
July 19, '65; Vet.
Sub.; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Died at Smoketown, Md., Sept. 21, of
wounds received at Antietam, Md.,
Sept. 17, '62.
Killed at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Nov.
24, '63.
Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9,'62.
Killed at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. 26, lot A,
grave 82.
Killed at Dallas, Ga.. May 25. '64; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 6, '03.
Killed at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '64;
buried in Marietta and Atlanta Nat.
Cem., Marietta, Ga., sec. H, grave 1.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19. '65.
Sub. ; wd. at Nickajack Creek, Ga.,
July 10, '64; m. o. with company July
19, '65.
Disch. Jan. 18, '65 ; exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 2, '63.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Surg, certilicate Apr. 22, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 24. '63.
Disch. Apr. 8, "65; exp. of term.
Tr. to Co. I Feb. 9, 62.
Tr. to Signal Corps Oct. 17, '63.
Died of wounds received at Cedar Moun-
I tain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 30, of
wounds received at Wauhatchie Oct.
I 29, '63.
Died at David's Island, N. Y.. May 6, '65;
I buried in Cypress Hills Cem., L. L
Sub. ; des. Aug. 29, '63.
Sub.; dropped from rolls.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; des.,
date unknown.
Sub.; des. Mar. 17, '64.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Yet.
RL o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 20, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 20, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 15, '62.
Disch. Apr. 8, '05; exp. of term.
Sub. ; died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Dec.
I 2, '63; buried in Nat. Cem., Stone River,
1 grave 286.
Des. Apr. 8, '62.
Sub. ; ties. Sept. 29, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 2, '63.
Sub. ; des. Jan. 3, '64.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62, and
at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '64; disch.
Nov. 4, '64 ; exp. of term.
Soldiers True
333
Name.
Military Kecortl.
Daiiuiugbt'iK, William
Dewey, William
Drain, Samuel
Doiuloii, John
Davis, Marshall
J)imeaii, Thomas.
Klliott, Kdwanl 15.
Ethii(lt;e, I'eny
Estelle, John
Eoicl, Nehemiali
Ferguson, Franels F..
Fisk, Uoderiek D
Fellows, WillardE....
Fish. Cliarles
(iross, John 11
Gilbert, Charles ...
Gilland, David
Godfrey, Leander
Grant, William
Golden, Peter
Giger, Jacob
Garner, John J
Hayes, Henry C .
Hizer, Hiram
Heitz, Theodore
Hill, Perry H
Hovis, Horace D
Hopkins, William
Hauer, .laeob
Heath, Hosea
Hiukle, Andrew
Irwin, John
Johnson, David C. .
Jones, George N
Josliu, Edward A
Jackson, Stephen.
Kuhl, William
Keep, Bradford E
Kinter, Montgomery. .
Keen, Frank
Kelly, .loseph
Kaconey, George W .
Ladoc, John S
Leach, Ira
Lightner. .lames W . . .
Lewis, Frederick 1...
Merket, Luzerne
Madden, John N . . . .
Moore, Isaac M
Meschler, Fred
Moon, Lewis N
Maynard, Richard L. .
Mitchell, David G
IMariin, William H....
Madden, Foster N
Matteson, George W.
Private.
May 1.
Sept. 4.
Sept. '-'0,
Jan. 7,
Dec. IG,
Aug. 28,
Dec. 3,
Dec. 19,
Nov. 3,
Jan. 2,5,
Jan. .5,
Dec. 24,
Nov. 2."),
Nov. 3,
Jan. 21,
Jan. 2.5,
Feb. 15,
Dec. 20,
Nov. 3,
July 17,
Jan. 5,
Aug. 11,
Feb. 15,
Jan. 25,
jJuly 22,
'oct. 1,
Nov. 24,
Sept. 26,
Dec. 20,
Feb. 5,
Nov. 3,
Jan. 6,
Nov. 30,
Jan. 25,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 24,
Jan. 5,
Jan. 5,
Jan. 8,
Apr. IG,
Aug. 1.5,
Mar. 24,
.Ian. 5,
Dec. 18,
Jan. 27,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 19,
Dec. 3,
Feb. U,
Feb. 22,
Jan. 5,
Feb. 15,
Dec. 19,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 19,
Disi-h. by general order June 5, '0.5.
Dis(-h. by general order June .5, '(J5.
Died ;it Savannah, Ga., Jan. 25, '05.
Des. .May 24, '62.
Des. July 6, '62.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '03.
Disch. by special order Aug. 23, '05; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Feb. 14, '03.
Wd.at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 02;
di.sch. on Surg, certilicate Feb. 13, '03.
M. o. with company July 19, 05.
M. o. with company July 19, '05.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 17, '02.
Tr. to Vet. Iteserve Corps Feb. 15, '04.
Des. Nov. 2.5, '01.
M. o. with cdiniiany .Inly 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '05.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate July, '02.
Disch. on Surg, certificate, date un-
known.
Sub.; disch. on Surg, certificate Jan.
11, '04.
Killed at Gulp's Farm, Ga., June 17, 'i'4;
buried in Marietta and Atlanta Nat.
Cem., Marietta, sec. H, grave 38.
Sub.; dropped from rolls.
M. o. with fdiiipaiiy July 19, '0.5.
M. o. w itli rDiujiaiiy July 19. '05.
Sub.; vvd. at Waiiliatchie, Teun.,Oct. 29,
'03, m. o. with company July 19, '0.5.
Disch. by special order July 7, '05; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 28, '03;
reenlisted Feb. 0, '04; disch. June 20, '65.
Disch. for wounds, with loss of leg, re-
ceived at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63.
Wd. at Nickajack Creek, Ga., July 10,
'04; disch. Jan. 20, '0.5, to date exp. of
term.
Died at Savannah, Ga., Feb. 27, '05.
Dropped from rolls.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with c()iii|iaiiy July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with cdiniiaiiy July 19, '05.
Disch. on Sur.n. certificate July 13, '03.
Des., date uiikiiowii.
M. o. with coiiipany July 19, '05.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 7, '0,5.
Died at Frederick, Md., July 10. '02;
buried in Nat. Cem., Antietara, sec. 20,
lot F, grave 590.
Des. May 15, '02.
Sub. ; dropped from rolls.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with comi)any .July 19, '0.5.
Killed at Antietam, :Md., Sept. 17, '02.
Killed Feb. 5. '05.
Dropped from rolls.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company .luly 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with ((iiiiijaiiy July 19, '05; Vet.
jWd. at Pine Kiioh.Ga., ,'lune 1.5, '(!4; m.o.
I with c()iiii)aiiy .luly 19, '(;5.
Wd. at Cuip's Farm, Ga., June 17, '(i4;
I m. o. with company July 19, '05.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 2.5, '04; m. o.
with company .July 19, '05.
Disch. Dec. 19, '64; exp. of term.
, Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62,
I disch. Nov. 4, '64; exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 6, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. l, 'i;3.
334
Soldiers True
Name.
Military Record.
Millick, Vincenz
Meschler, Charles...
Murray, Henry
Middleton, Robert L
Morgan, James F. .
Minphy, Stephen..
Murray, James P .
Murray, James
Miller, James E....
Magill, James
Murphy, Patrick...
M'Cann, Thomas. .
M'Caftry, James...
M'Farlaud, Henry.
M'Clure, Daniel
M'Cann, Arthur
M'Carty, Thomas..
M'Granahan, L. N.
M'Cann, John
M'Bride, James
Norman, John
Private,
Nolan, Michael
Newell. Charles A.
Ott, Jacob I.
O'Connell, John
Osborn, Henry
O'Brian, Hugh
Oster, Henry
Pratt, William A...
Parsons, Anson
Paul, Daniel
Pfaff, Gottleib
Pherrin, Samuel B.
Pratt, Stephen...
Pherrin, Isaac T.
Rice, Joseph L...
Riblett, David M.
Reighart, Baldis.
Sceivis, Henry...
Scott, Charles P. .
Shuart, Squire M.
Scott, Calvin L
Smith, Henry
Smith, James
Stewart, John W
Stewart, William
Steenburg, John
Stafford, Andrew W.
Sceifort. Michael.. .
Smith, Robert
Spiers, John
Serf, Philip
Smith, William
Smith, V.H
Taylor, Thomas L.
Tetchtan, John T..
Tanner, Otis M . . . .
Nov. 3, '61 Wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; tr. to
I Vet. Reserve Corps July 6, '64.
Feb. 22, '64 Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 3, of
wounds received at Peach Tree Creek,
Nov. 24,
Dec. 19,
Nov. 3,
Aug. 22,
July 17,
Aug. 28,
July 17,
Dec. 28,
Aug. 18,
Oct. 5,
Aug. 28,
Aug. 28,
Nov. 24,
Nov. 24,
Aug. 28,
Nov. 24,
Feb. 15,
Aug. 28,
Aug. 27,
July 17,
Aug. 29,
Jan. 30,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Jan. 28,
Apr. 30,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 30,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 23,
Oct. 24,
Feb. 24,
Aug. 28,
Aug. 17,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 24,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 3,
Aug. 28,
Aug. 3,
Aug. 28,
Aug. 28,
Nov. 3,
Apr. 30,
Apr. 7,
Nov, 3,
Ga., July 20, '64; grave 284.
Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., .
Aug. 9,'62.
Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Dec. 11, of
wounds received at Lookout Mountain
Nov. 24, '63; buried in Nat. Cem., Stone
River, grave 318.
'61' Dropped from rolls.
'63 Sub.; des. Sept. 1, '03.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 6, '63.
'63iSub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 29, '63.
'6l!Des. June 26, '65; Vet.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 Sub. ; ni. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 15, '63.
'61 Tr. to Co. I Feb. 9, '62.
'63; Sub. ; tr. to U. S. Navy Apr. 20, '64.
'61 j Des. Oct. 9, '62.
'64 Des. June 26, '65.
'03 Sub. ; des. Sept. 29, '63.
'63|Sub. ; wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64;
I m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 Sub. ; disch. by general order Aug. 8, '65.
'63 Sub. ; des. Jan. 3, '65.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Des. Oct. 9, '62; returned Sept. 15, '64;
I dishonorably disch. Jan. 13, '68, to date
July 19, '65.
'6l' Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 1, '62.
'61; Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 6, '63.
'6l'Died near Front Royal, Va., July 8, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 19, '63.
'6ll Disch. by special order May 9, '63.
'62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term..
'62!Died at Baltimore, Md., June 23, '62.
'6l|Died at Winchester, Va., July 14, '62;
buried in Nat. Cem., lot 18.
'61 Died at Baltimore, Md., Aug. 22, '62.
'61 Died at Fairfax, Va., date unknown.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Tr. to Co. I, Feb. 9, '62.
'61 Died at Winchester, Va., July 5, '62.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62,
and wd. and cap. at Peach Tree Creek.
Ga., July 20, '64; m. o. with company
July 19, '65; Vet.
Dec. 18, '61 Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25. '64 ; m. o.
with company July 19, '65 ; Vet.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, "65.
'63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '05.
'61 Tr. to Co. I Feb. 9. '62.
'61 Tr. to Co. I Feb. 9, '62.
'61iTr. to Co. I Feb. 9, '62.
'611 Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Sept. 12, '63.
'61 Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Feb. 15, '64.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 6, '63.
'63' Sub.; des. Oct. 2, '63.
'63;Sub.; des. Oct. 2, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 16, '63.
'611 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
des., date unknown.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 Disch. by general order June 5, '65.
'611 Died at Acquia Creek, Va.. Feb. 23, '63.
Soldiers True
33S
Military Kecord.
Thompson, Jolin. .
Van Olstine, Asa..
Viniug, Stilluian..
Viniug, Nathan
Wheeler, Samnel A.
Wimer, Smith..
Weidler, Samuel S . .
Weidler, Daniel
Wagner, Charles. ..
Whipple, Edwin W.
Warner, George
Wilkius, John
Woodside, Thomas.
Wait, Lester J
Werntz, William B.
Wood, Landsley
Yerkes, Edwin A.
Yeagla, Jacob
Zane, John.
Private.
Aug. 27,
Nov. 3.
Dec. 10,
Dec. 4,
Oct. 25,
Dec. 13,
Sept. 18,
Jan. 5,
Aug. 14,
Nov. 15,
Nov. 3
Nov. 3
Nov. a
Nov. 3
Nov. 3
Nov. 3, '61
Aug. 28,
Sept. 5,
Mar. 20, '62
Sub. ; des. Sept. 6, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 20, '62.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga.. May 25, '64 ; disch. on
Surg, certificate June 20, '65; Vet.
Not mustered into service.
>L o. with company July 19, '6?; Vet.
M. 0. with company July 19, '35; Vet.
Wd. and cap. at Peach Tree Creek. Ga.,
July 20, '64; m. o. with company July
19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Nov.
24, 'IS; disch. Nov. 2.5, to date Nov. 15,
'Oi ; e.\j). of term.
Disch. Nov. 4, '64; exp. of term.
Disch. Nov. 4, '64; exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 17, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 22, '62.
W'd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9. '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate June l, '63.
Killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; buried in Marietta and Atlanta
Nat. Cem., Marietta, sec. G, grave 167;
Vet.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Dallas. Ga., May 27, '64; absent
at m. o. ; Vet.
Disch. Apr. 8, '65 ; exp. of term.
COMPANY D
Elias M. Pierce Captain. Dec. 18,
William J. Alexander.. " Oct. 1,
H. R. Sturdevant....
Nelson Spencer. .
C. W. Culbertson.
Warren M. Foster.
George A. Head...
1st Lt.
Nov. 2, '61
Dec. 18,
Dec. 10,
James T. Shutt.
2d Lt. Nov. 2, '61
1st Sgt. Sept. 18, '61
Nov. 2,
Benson Jones Sergeant. Sept. 24,
Mar. 1.
Jan. 14,
Edward O'Donnell.
Calvin H. Blanchard...
Walter G. Mead
Christopher G. Herrick.
Oliver P. Alexander.
Lewis Pearson Corporal.
Charles F. Prophater. . . | "
Philip Beyer
Henry Lowman
Warren Mann
22 '
Oct. 10,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Mar. 20.
Jan. 16,
Sept. 20,
Oct. 10,
Res. Apr. 2.5, '62.
Pro. from 1st Lt. Apr. 25, '62; com. Maj.
Mar. 31; Lt. Col. Apr. 7, "65; not mus-
tered ; res. Apr. 8, '65.
Pro. from 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt. Sept. 3, '63;
to 1st Lt. Nov. 1, '63; to Capt. May 21,
'65; cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.,
July 20, "64 ; m. o. with company July
19, '65.
Pro. from 2d Lt. Apr. 25, '62; res. May
13, '63.
Pris. from July 20, '64, to June 23, '65;
pro. from 1st Sgt. June 24, '65; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Pro. from 1st Sgt. Apr. 25, '62; res. Feb.
23, '63.
Pro. from Sgt. July 1, '&5; m. o. with
company July 19, '65; Vet.
Killed at Cedar Mountain.Va., Aug. 9, '62.
]\L o. with company July 19, '&5; ^ et.
;M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Cedar ^Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62,
and at Antietam, Md.,Sept. 17, '62; pro.
from Corp. June 25, '65; m. o. with com-
pany Julv 19. "65: Vet.
Pro. from "Corp. .July 1. '65; m. 0. with
coinpanv July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Getlvsburg, Pa., July 3, '63. and
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.. July 20, '64;
disch. Nov. 2. '64; exp. of term.
Tr. to Co. K Dec. 20. '&?; Vet.
M. o. with company .Tulv 19. '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
y\. o witli oomi>auy July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17. '62; m.O.
with company Julv 19. '65; Vet.
Sept. 20, '61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain. Va., Aug.9, '62;
I I pro. to Corp. June 25, '65; m. o. with
I I company July 19, '65; Vet.
336
Soldiers True
Name.
I)atc of
.Musltr 111.
Mihtury liecord.
Eugene Chase
Matthias Arnold
James S. Newcomb. . .
George C. Oliver
James Curren
Edward Kichmoud
George Richmond
Ashbridge, Isaiah A.,
Atwell, Robert
Aber, Darius
Anderson, Nelson
Anderson, John
Ackley, Thomas
Anders, Charles ,
Adams, Milo M
Branch, Nathan J
Berg, Albert P
Baker, Stephen
Burns, James
Boyle. John, Sr
Brasington, D'WittC.
Brasington, Albert H
Baker, Stephen
Boyd, David M
Blakesley, John T....
Bartch, Arthur
Brown, Francis S
Brown, David L
Bartles, Lewis
Baxter, James
Berry, John
Barnes, Robert
Culver, John W
Culverson, Robert
Coleman, John D
Carman, Alphonzo . . .
Collins, George O
Chase, Lovet J
Casper, Nathaniel
Chase, Henry ,
Culverson, William . . ,
Chandler, Orville
Campbell, William J..
Chandler, Austin
Clark, Reuben
Cady, Vernon F
Currin, Peter
Connor, James
Cross, Herman T
Dillon, John M
Davenport, John
Dager, Charles P
Corporal.
Muc.
Private.
Feb. 5, '62 Wd. at Resaca. Ga., May 16, '64; disch.
Feb. 25, 'G5; exp. of term.
Sept. 24, '61 Wd. at Dallas,. Ga., May 25, '64; tr. to
I Vet. Reserve Corps Dec. 29, '64 ; Vet.
Feb. 5, '62 Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug.
9, '62.
Sept. 24, '61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; cap.
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., Julv 20, '64;
I Vet.
Dec. 16, '61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Nov. 29, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate July 17. '62.
Nov. 29, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec 5, '62.
Mar. 19, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Feb. 26, '62 Disch. by general order June 2, '65.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. Jan. 13, '63, for wounds, with loss
of arm, received at Antietam, Md.,
I Sept. 17, '62.
Nov. 22, '61 Disch. Jan. 13, '63, for wounds received
I at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Nov. 22, '61, Died Oct. 14 of wounds received at An-
tietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; buried in
Nat. Cem., sec. 26, lot D, grave 205.
Nov. 21, '61 Died at Brandy Station, Va., Sept. 26, '63.
Aug. 27, '63 Des. Sept. 8, '63.
Feb. 17, '64, Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; des. June 11, '65.
Sept. 24, '61 Pris. from July 20, '&i, to May 21. '65; m.
o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
May 28, '62 Des. Sept. 20, '62; returned; m. o. with
company July 19, '65.
Feb. 13, '62 Wd. at Cedar Moimtain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
and at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
20, '64; absent at m. o.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; disch. by general order July 6, '65.
Jan. 16, '62 Disch. June 2, '65; exp. of term.
Nov. 2, '61|Disch. Jan. 11, '63, for wounds received
at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Dec. 10, '6l!Diseh. on Surg, certificate Sept. 5, '62.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 1, '62.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 5, '62.
Nov. 2, '61 Died at Erie, Pa., Jan. 18, '62.
Nov. 2, '61 Died at Winchester, Va., July 8, '62.
Jan. 14, '62 Died at Winchester, Va., July 30, '02.
Nov. 2, '61, Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. 26, lot A,
grave 72.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 8, '63.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 1, '63.
Sept. 26, '61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Jan. 17, '62 ]\L o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Dec. 27, '61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Feb. 25, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Jan. 20, '65 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Feb. 15, '64 Absent, sick, at m. o.
Jan. 18, '62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 13, '63.
Nov. 2, '61| Disch. on Surg, certificate. Feb. 14, '63.
Nov. 25, '01 1 Disch. on Surg, certificate, Mar. 14. '63.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. Nov. 2, "61; exp. of term.
Mar. 12, '62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
Nov. 2, '61 Died at Winchester. Va., July 8, '62.
Jan. 9, '62 Died at Front Royal, Va.. July 11, '62.
Nov. 21, '61 Died at Washington, D. C, July 29, '62;
I buried in Military Asylum Cem.
Aug. 27, '63|Sub. ; des. Sept. 28. '63.
Aug. 26. '03 Sub. ; des. Sept. 16, 63.
Feb. 22, '64]Pris. from July lo, '64, to May 17, '65;
disch. by general order June 30, '65.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; m. 6. with company July 19, '65.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Dec. 7, '61IM. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Soldiers True
337
.N;uii(
Military Kt-i-onl.
Duross, John H
Dougherty. Charles —
Dixon, William
Dych, Nicholas
Donaldson, James
Dorr. Emil
Dillotti, Andrew
Downey, Thomas
Denioiest, James
Elliott. Lenford
Egelston, Abraham
Fahlman, Jacob
Fairfield, William
Fredeuburgh, William.
Graham, Philip
Graham, John
Gemmil, Edward
Glenn, James
Gormanly, Frederick..
Gibson, William
Gardner, Joel R
Green, William
Howard, Isaac
Hagerty, William H...
Hellani, Jesse
Hultberg, Andrew
Hultberg, Charles
Howard, William
Hoffman, .James
Hoffman, Cliarles
Hodges, David L
Howard, Charles F
Jobson, Henry W
Johnson, Robert
Johnson, Caleb
KUinear, George W...
Kerr, Edward
Kidder, Truman
Kay, Hemy
Kay, Joseph
Knopf, Adam
Kane, James ..
King, George W
Lacy, Thomas
Law, Humphrey D
Look, Samuel
Liud, Peter
Lamer, Frederick
Private. Mar. 10, '62
May 1,
Jan. 13,
I Sept. 8,
S^pt. 18,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
Feb. 17,
July 14,
Oct. 10,
Sept. 24, '61
Nov. 2,
Nov. 22,
Mar. 9,
Jan. 25,
Jan. 23,
Jan. 14,
Aug. 26,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Feb. 15,
Aug. 26,
Mar. 3,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22, '61
Aug. 27,
Aug. 26,
Aug. 27,
Dec. 23,
Feb. 16.
Mar. 20,
May 28,
Aug. 27,
Nov. 2,
Jan. 23,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 27,
Nov. 2,
July 28,
'63
Jan. 24.
Mar. 14,
Nov. 2,
Dec. 26,
Aug.
•63
Disch. Aug. 17, to date July 19, '6.5;
Vet.
Disch. by general order June 5, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 20, '65;
Vet.
Disch. by general order June 2, '65.
Disch. .June 21, '(w5, for wounds received
at Dallas, Ga., May 25. '64; Vet.
Sub. ;tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Feb. 25,'65.
Sub.; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Des. June 28, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 15, '64; des.
June 11. '60; Vet.
Wd. at Autietam, Md., Sei)t. 17, '62. and
at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; absent at
m. o. ; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 19, '62.
Died Nov. 8 of wounds received at Au-
tietam., Md., Sept. 17, "62; buried in
Nat. Cem., Antietam, sec. 26, lot B,
grave 214.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19. '65.
Disch. by general order Jlay 31, '05.
Sub. ; absent, sick, at ui. o.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 6, "63.
Disch. Oct. 17 for wounds received at
Cedar Mountain. Va.. Aug. 9, '62.
Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Aug., '64.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May -2.5. "64; disch. by
general (irder .July 15, "65.
Sub. ; (li>ich. by .general order June 9, '65.
Disch. by general order June 1, '65.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; disch. Feb. 6, "65, to date exp. of
term.
Wd. at Cedar :Monntain. Va., Aug. 7, '62;
killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
20, '64.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 17, '63.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; Vet.
Not on m. o. roll.
M. o. with company July 19, '&5; Vet.
Disch. by general order May 15, '65.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 5, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 16, '62;
reenlisted Feb. 15, '64; m. o. with com-
I pany July 19, '65.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. on Surg, certificate June 9, '63.
Disch. Nov. 2. '64; exp. of term.
Wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 'M; disch.
Nov. 25, '64; exp. of term.
Died Oct. 11 of wounds received at Au-
tietanii Md.. Sept. 17, '62.
Sub. ; des. July 8. '65.
Disch. on writ of habeas corpus, date
unknown.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Des. ; returned ; m. o. with company
July 19. '&5; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 22, '63.
Died at Alexandria. Va., Sept. 15, '62;
burial record, died Oct. 29. '62; buried
in Military Asylum Cem., D. C.
Sub. ; killed Julie 17, '64.
"338
Soldiers True
^ame.
Lostetter, Bernard . . .
Langdon, George
Lee, Morris..
Morritz. George J
Murray, Archibald
Maxwell, Thomas
Mechan, Charles
31orse, Reubeu
Merchant. Sheldon J.
Marsh, .John C
Mack, .John M
Marsh, Levi
Myers, John
Miller. James T
Morton, Chester L. . .
Morton, Alexander. . .
Mead, James
Maher, John
]\Iinor, Julius
Maines, .John
IMerchant, .John
MClintock, George G
MGonigle, Patrick...
Nolan, Thomas
O'Neil, Peter
Osgood, Henry
Ortman, Carl
Plnmb, William
Piilfrey, Wilham
Ploss, Abner
Ploss, Jacob
Ploss. Timothy
Ploss, Wheeler
Peters, George
Qninn. Thomas
I{av, Robert
Rainbow. Charles H..
Ryan, Edward
Ryan, Michael
Stonaker, Matthias. . .
•Stone, Edward F
Schraeder, John
Schnler, Jacob
Scahill, .James
Spencer, Elisha
Schnell. Bernard
Schirk, Philip
Strickland, OrinF....
Smith, Edgar
Simmons, Wilham H.
Sodagreen, Charles. . .
Date of
Muster In.
ililitary Record.
Private.
Jan.
Aug.
[Feb.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Feb.
Nov. 2, '61
Nov.
Oct.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Jan.
Jan.
Aug.
Aug.
Mar.
Nov.
Aug.
Mar.
Feb.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
Mar. 5, '62
Aug.
Jan.
Feb.
Aug.
Aug.
Sept.
Mar.
Mar.
Mar.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Dec. 10, '61
Nov. 22, '61
Jan.
Nov.
Des. July 8, '65.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; died at Florence, S. C, or Salis-
bury, N. C. Jan. 24, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. 0. with company July 19, '65.
M.w. with company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; ni. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15. '64; ab-
sent at m. o. ; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 4, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 4, '63.
Died at Baltimore, Md., Apr. 19, '62.
Died at Alexandria, Va., .July 2.3, '62.
Died at Chattanooga, Tenu., of wounds
received at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '6i.
Killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
20, '64 ; buried in Marietta and Atlanta
Nat. Cem., Marietta, sec. G, grave 173;
Vet.
Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 7, '64.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; cap. at
Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, '64;
died at Annapolis, Md., Mar. 25, '66;
Vet.
Sub. ; des. June 28, '65.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 16. '63.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 16, '63.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 16, '63.
Des. Jan. 21, '62.
Disch. Apr. 1, '65.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 4, '63.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 7, '63.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 16, '63.
M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 5, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 23, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 3, '63.
Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. 26, lot A,
grave 89.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, '64; Vet.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
M. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Sub.; des. Sept. 29, '63.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62,
and at Dallas. Ga., May 25, '64; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
yL o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; ab-
sent, sick, at m. o. ; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 15, '62;
burial record, died at Alexandria, Va.,
Aug. 6. '62.
Disch. Dec. 11 for wounds received at
Antietam. Md.. Sept. 17, '62.
Disch. Jan. 11, '63, for wounds received
at Antietam, :Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Soldiers True
339
Name.
Spencer, Thomas J. . .
Sneean, Patrick
Stilson, Franklin
Sweet, Peter G
Salmon, John
Stapleton, James A.. .
Sheemer, John
Stanford, Peter N
Siggins, George C
Siggins, D. Porter
Smith, John
Spencer, Dell'n W
Shirley, Hiram
Svvitzer, Francis
Smith. Charles E
Trask, Lloyd
Toby, Job T
Taylor, William
White, Joseph R
Weiderhold, George..
Westbrook, Benjamin
Wincliester, R. A
Williams. David
Wilson, Robert J
Wolf, Hugo
Warder, .Jonathan
Ziegler, Henry
Military Record.
Aug. 27, '63
Disch. Nov. 2, 't'A; exp. of term.
Disch. Apr. 8, 'a5; exj). of term.
Disch. May 29, '()6, for wounds receivecl
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 'C4;
Vet.
Tr. to Co. C 109th Regiment P. V. Dec.
27, '63; Vet.
Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps, date unknown.
Tr. to Vet. Reserve Cori)S, date unknown.
Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '0.3.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sei)t. 17. '62, and
at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; killed
at Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 27, 'CA.
Died at Chattanooga, Tenu., of wounds
received at Dallas, Ga., May 2.5, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., grave 305; Vet.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
killed J - ■ ~ - - - -
20, '64.
killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
t
Feb. 23,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 26,
Nov. 2,
Feb. 27,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 26,
Feb. 15,
Nov. 2,
Dec. 27,
Nov. 28,
Feb. 21,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
Nov. 2,
Killed at Peach Ti-ee Creek, Ga., July
20, '64.
Died at Pittsburg, Pa., Mar. 20, '64.
Des. Nov. 20, '62.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 8, '&3.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 29, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 21, '62.
Died at Pittsburg, Pa., Mar. 25, '64.
Discli. on SiMK- itMtilicate Aug. 4, '62.
Sub.; wd. at Dallas, (ia.. May 2.5, '64;
disch. by gfiicral order Aug. 24, '65.
Disch. by general ordrr May 27, '65.
Disch. on Surti. eertilicate Nov. 18, '62.
Disch. Dec. 31 for wounds, with loss of
arm, received at Antietam, Md., Sept.
17, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 11, '62.
Died at Bridgeport, Ala., Nov. 10, of
wounds received at Wauhatchie, Teun.,
Oct. 29, '63; buried in Nat. Cem., Chat-
tanooga, grave 367.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 16. '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 6, '63.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate .Jan. 15, '63.
COMPANY E
Samuel M. Davis
Peter S. Bancroft
Francis A. Guthrie. .
William L. Patterson
Leander W. Kimball.
Jesse Moore
Hiram Bissell
Peter Schaeffer
Captain.
1st Lt.
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Dec. .3, '61 Res. Nov. 16, '62.
Nov. 2, '61, Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; pro.
from 2d Lt. Feb. 10, '63; res. Mar.
I .«, '63.
Nov. 2, '61, Pro. from 1st Sgt. to 1st Lt. Nov. 20, '62;
to Capt. May 18, '63; dismissed July
I 28, '63.
Nov. 2, '61, Pro. from Sgt. to 2d Lt. Feb. 14, '63; to 1st
Lt. May 18, '63; to Capt. Mar. 12. 'W;
wd. atChancellorsville, Va., May 3, '6.3,
and at (iettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63; m.
o. with company July 19, '65.
2, '61 Res. Nov. 10. '(.2.
2, '61 Pro. from 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt. Sept. 3, '63; to
1st Lt. Mar. 12, '64; wd. at Cedar Moun-
tain, Va., Aug. 9, '62. and at Peach Tree
Creek, Ga., July 20, 64; disch. July 27,
to date July 19. '65.
3, '61 Pro. to 2d Lt. May 1, '64; cap. at Peach
I Tree Creek, Ga.. July 20, '64; m. o. with
I company July 19. '65.
Nov. 16, '61 Wd. at Grier's Farm. Ga., June 21,
I "64; in. o. with company July 19, '65;
I Vet.
Nov
Nov
Oct.
340
Soldiers True
Military Record.
Horace C. Finney.
IstSgt. I Nov. 1, '61
Alfred E. Harper. . .
James H. Do<lge
William A. Upliam.
P'razier Moore
Horatio E. Wright. .
John W. Burns
Elias A. Wood
George P. Atkinson .
Bradford A. Gehr
William A. Mapous.
William T. Brown.,
(xeorge E. Barney...
John Brogenschiitz.
Frederick White
George Quiggle..
Hiram C. Deross.
Elisha E. Myers..
S. W. Butterfleld.
Alsinus Keep.
Joseph B. Goe
Harrison Dikeman.. .
William H.Mitchell.
Amidou. W'illiam H..
Allen, James
Anso, James
Albemar, Francis.
Boyles. Job
Buchanan, David.
Boyd, Hiram P...
Burkhalter, David F.
Beige, George
Birch, James W
Bolster. Henry J —
Boyer, Cornelius P.. .
Barney, Chancey G. . .
Bougher. Thomas T . .
Brown. Alexander L.
Barlage, Frederick...
Conner, William
CuUn. Garret B
Chapin, George
Carrier, Alexander H.
Chapin, William H
Chapin. John
Cain. W^illiam H
Camp, Silas C
Sergeant.
Nov. 27, '61
Sept. 15,
Jan. 4,
Feb. 19,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 22,
poral.
Nov. 2.
Sept. 20,
'61
'61
*'
Nov. 20,
June 1,
Nov. 20,
May 5.
July 17,
'61
■61
'61
'61
'63
•'
Nov. 2,
'61
"
Nov. 2.
Aug. 27.
•61
•63
Muc.
Sept. 15, '61
Nov. 22. '61
Jan. 2. '62
Clevenger. William.
Coon, William H . . .
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Private. Sept. 5,
Jan. 29,
July 17.
Aug. 27.
Jan. 25.
Feb. 29.
I Nov. 2,
Dec. 28,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 22.
Dec. 24,
Dec. 27.
Dec. 18,
Mar. 20,
July 20.
Feb. 25,
Aug. 27,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
1 Nov. 2,
I Dec. 27,
Mar. 20.
I Nov. 22,
Wd. at Wauhatchie. Tenn., Oct. 29, '63;
died at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 4, '61,
of wounds received at Dallas, Ga., May
25, '64; Vet.
Wd. at Gettysburg. Pa.. Julys, '63; m. o.
with company July 19. '65; Vet.
M. o. with company "July 19, ^65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company Julv 19, '65; Vet.
Disch. Jan. 4, '65; exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 15, "62.
Died at Fairfax Semuiary, Va.. Sept. 1, of
wounds received at Cedar Mountain.
Va., Aug. 9. '62; burial record, died
Mar. 19, '64: buried at Alexandria, Va.
M. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 17, '64; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with eomi)any July 19. 'ft5; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Disch. Aug. 11, to date July 19, '65; Vet.
Absent at m. o. ; Vet.
Sub.; wd. at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15,
and at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.. July 20,
'64; tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps; des.
Apr., "65.
Disch. Jan. 10, '63, for wounds received
at Autietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 31, '63.
Sub.; pris. from Mar. 14 to May 5. '65;
disch. June 19. to date May 18, '65.
Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Sept. 5, of
I wounds received at Peach Tree Creek,
Ga., July 20, '64; buried in Nat. Cem.,
grave 537 ; Vet.
Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
I buried in Nat. Cem., sec. 26, lot A,
i grave 85.
Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29. '63;
absent, sick, at m. o. : Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 29, '62.
Disch.. date unknown.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 13, '62.
Wd. near Dallas, Ga., May 29, '64 ; disch.
by general order June 24, '65.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1. '63.
Sub. ; des. June 25, '65.
M. o. w ith company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 14. '63.
Disch. Dec. 27. '64; exp. of term.
Tr. to Vet. Reserve Cfirps July 17, 'G3.
Died at Baltimore, Md., July 19, '62.
Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9,'62.
Died at Washington, D. C. Dec. 22, '62;
buried in Military Asylum Cem.
Died at Louisville, Ky., June 27, '64; Vet.
Des. Feb. 20, "62.
Drowned Mar. 6, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; m. o. with company Julv 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Ma"y 16, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 14, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 6, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 23, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 24, '63.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
dishonorably disch. Dec. 28. '63.
Disch. Mar. 31, '65; exp. of term.
Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps June 1, '64.
Soldiers True
341
Name.
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
Caiu, Jobn F
Coon, James
Grouse, Jacob
Cotter, Jiiliii
Deross. Alcxaiuler H
Donnaii. Williain II.
Deliass, William N...
Diimi, Edward
Davis, Alpheus J
Eden, John B
Ellsworth, Henry II
Esterbrook, Charles.
Everhart, Lewis
Evans, Walter
Fox, Hiram J
Fox, Orlando
Fernian, George C. . .
Foreman, (ieorge
Fi-anklin, William. ..
Ford, Andrew M
Guy, Frank
Genr, Isaac B
Gehr, Sylvester H . . .
Gehr, Thomas
(ilenn, John
Gehr, Sylvester
Gehr, Harrison
Gehr, Ira A
Gehr, Josiah
Gehr, Lewis D
Grifflu, Michael
Hawley, Washington S
Harper, Fernando C. . .
Hari)ei' David
Hites, Lot D
Ilites, Henry C
Harrison, Thomas
Helmerick, Fi-ed
Hope, Harris
Herchelmau, Adam
Hnngrogl, William
Haines, William B
Hughes, John
Henry, John
Higgins, Patrick
Haudley, Thomas
Johnson, John K
Johnson, James
Kiug, George S
Private.
Nov. 2, '61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; tr.
to Vet. Reserve Corps May 1, '64.
Jan. 4, '62 Died at Baltimore, Md., June 17, '62.
Aug. 29, '63 Sub. ; died at Murfreesboro, Teiin., Dec.
I 5, 'm.
July 17, '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. l.i, '6.'!.
Feb. 23, '64 M. o. with company .luly 19, '6,'j.
Aug. 26, '03 Sub.; m. o. witli company July 19, '65.
Jan. 19, '64^ Wd. at Peacli Tree (reek, Ga., July 19,
I '64 ; absent at m. o.
Aug. 26, '6:5 Sub.; absent, sick, at m. o.
Jan. 12, '64 "
Sept. 15, '61
Jan. 25,
July 26,
Aug. 27,
Dec. 28,
Nov. 1,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22,
Dec. 2,
Aug. 27,
Feb. 3,
Oct. 1,
Feb. 15.
Feb. 25,
Feb. 25,
Aug. 15,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22,
Feb. 15,
Nov. 22, '61
Aug. 29,
Jan. 25,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Dec. 2,
Aug. 27,
July 15,
Dec. 2,
Dec. 26,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
July 15,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
Nov. 22,
Discfi. Dec. 26 for wounds received at
Kesaca, Ga., May 1.5, 't>4.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; m. o.
with company ,Iuly 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with coMii)any .Inly 19, '65.
Sub.; wd. at Wauliatrhie, Tenn., Oct. 29,
'63, and at Kesa<a, (ia.. May 15, '64;
111. o. with company .luly 19, '(),5.
'63[Sub. ; disch. by general order July 14, '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certitieate Apr. 1, '63:
burial record, died Apr. 2, '63; buried
in Military Asylum Cem., D. C.
'61 Wd. at Getty sbuij;. Pa., July 3, '63; 111. o.
with company .Jiily 19, '65; Vet.
'61' Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 25, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 14, '63.
'61 Tr. to Co. I Jan. 1. '62.
'63; Sub. ; tr. to U. S. Navy July 17, '64.
'62 Des. Mar. 6, '63.
'61 M. o. with coHiiiany July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. o. with company .Inly 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with coniiiany July 19, '65.
'64Wd.at I'cach Tree Creek, Ga., July 19,
I '64; alisent at ni. o.
'63 Sub.; absent, sick, at m. o.
'61, Disch. Dec. 20 for wounds received at
I Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 9, '63.
'61 Disch. Nov. 1, '04; exp. of term.
'64 Wd. at Resaca, (Ja.. May 15, '64; disch.
by general order .lune 26, '65.
Died at Frederick, Md., Aug. 15, '62; bur-
ied in Nat. Cem., Antietam, sec. 26, lot
E, grave 5.55.
'eslSub.; died at Bridgeport, Ala., Feb.3,'64;
buried in Nat. Cem., Chattanooga,
Tenu., grave 180.
'64 Wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 1.5, '64; m. o.
with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 16, '62.
'6lll)iscli. on Surg, certificate Jan. 10. '6;}.
'6l|I)lscli. on Siirg. ccrtilicate Jan. 10, '&3.
'61 Wd. at Cedar lAIouutain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. June 1, '05; exp. of term.
'63 Sub. ; disch. June 1, '65, for wounds, with
loss of arm, received at Wauhatchie,
Tenn., Oct. 29, '63.
Sub. ; tr. to U. S. Navy July 17, '64.
Tr. to Co. I Jan. 1, '62.
Died at Washington, D. C, Aug. 26, '62;
buried in Military Asylum Cem.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 20, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 31, '64.
'63: Sub. ; des. Sept. 5, '6:1.
'63|Sub. ; des. June 25, '&5.
Sub. ; des. June 30, '65.
Sub. ; wd. at Lookout Mountain, Tenn.,
Nov. 24, '63; des. June 30, '65.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 18, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 10, '63.
'61 1 Disch. ou Surg, certificate Sept. 4, '62.
342
Soldiers True
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
Kolb. Joseph —
Kuchler. John..
KendalL Charles
King. John
Kline. Kichard..
Kelly. George W.
Kennedy, Kobert
Kinegari. Michael
Little, David P
Lewis. James G
Mitchell Henry
Minihan. Eugene
Mariott. George H
Mechan. Carl
Mover. Henry A
MattisoD, Benjamin J.
HalMie, Slichael.
Moore, George H .
MtQer. Jacob >' . . .
Miller, "William
Mace. John
Momingstar, Jacob —
Mie, John
M'Xamara. John If
M"NaIlv. James
M"Dill/George
M'Xamara. John
M"Guigan. Jame.s
M'Murtrie. William T.
MMahan. James
MCumber, Henry T...
;Sewhard. Aaron
Nelson. Walter J. M...
Norton, "William D
NeeL John
O'Connell, James.
Orange, Henry.
Owen, Lafayette
Pool. James "W
Peterson. William T.
Pelffer. Jacob J
Peiffer. Henry.
Peiffer. Israel..
Quiggle, George "W.
Quigley, Philip
Kay. John
BusseU. Philip H.
Eobbenalt, Alfred.
Rowland, Stephen G.
Bowdenbusb, Oscar.
Private.
Xov. 2.
Dec. 38.
Nov. 2.
Xov. 2,
iAug. 27,
Feb. 17,
lAug. 27,
jAug. 27,
Feb. 6.
5Iar. 28,
Mar. 10,
Feb. 25,
Feb. 19,
lAug. 38,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 26,
Nov. 20.
I Dec. 24,
July 17.
July 30,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27.
Feb. 15.
Mar. 14,
Feb. 3.
Feb. 24.
Nov. 22,
Dec. 1.
Aug. 38.
Dec. 2,
Dec. 28.
May 5,
Nov. 25.
Aug. 29.
Aug. 26,
Aug. 27,
Nov. 30.
Aug. 25.
Dec. 2.
Dec. 2,
Nov. 22.
Dec. 2.
Nov. 22,
Dec. 24,
Aug. 1.
Mar. 7.
Feb. 19.
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22,
"61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 14. "63.
"63 Disch. by general order .June 9. 'G6.
"61 Died at Liuesville. Pa.. Nov. 17, '61.
"61 Died at Washington, D. C. Oct. 16. "62.
'63 Sub. ; wd. at "SVauhatchie, Tenn.. Oct. 29.
I "6.3. and at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15. 'W;
died at Chattanooga. Tenn.. .July 4, of
1 wounds received at Grier's Farm, Ga.,
June 21, "61; buried in Nat. Cem., grave
397.
"61 Died at Nashville, Tenn., June 28, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem.. sec. H, grave 780.
•63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 14, '63.
'65 M. o. with company July 19. '65.
"64 Absent, wd.. at m. o.
"64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
"61 M. o. with companv July 19, "6.5.
■&} M. o. with company July 19. "65.
'63 Sub.; absent, in arrest, at m. o.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 19. '63.
'61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain. Va.. Aug. 9. '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate May 2. '63.
'63 Sub. : wd. at Lookout Mountain, Tenn.,
I Nov. 24, '63; disch. on Surg, certificate
i June 30, "64.
'62 Killed at Wauhatchie. Tenn., Oct. 29, '63.
'61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain. Va.. Aug. 9, '62;
I killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62:
buried in Nat Cem., sec. 26, lot A.
I grave 27.
'63 Sub. : des. Oct. 1, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. June 30, '65.
't>4 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'62 Absent, in arrest, at m. o. ; Vet.
"64 Disch. by general order July 11, '65.
'W Disch. oil Surg, certificate June 16, '65.
'01 Tr. to Co. I Jan. 1. '62.
'61 Pro. to Hosp. St Jan. 1. '62.
"63 Sub. ; killed at Kesaca. Ga.. Mav 15, '64.
•61 Des. Feb. 24, "64.
"61 M. o. with company July 19. "65; Vet.
"61 M. o. with compauV Julv 19, '65: Vet
61 Wd. at Chancellorsville. Va., May 3. '63;
disch. ou Surg, certificate Aug. 12, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 31, '64.
'63 Sub. : wd. at Kesaca, Ga.. May 15. '64;
disch. bv general order June 19, "65.
'63 Sub. : killed at Grier's Farm, Ga., June
1 21, '64.
'61 Des. Nov. 20, '64 ; Vet.
'63 Sub. ; m. o. with companv July 19, "65.
"61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 27, '62.
'61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62;
' disch. Dec. 27. '64; exp. of term.
'61 Disch. Dec. 27. '64; exp. of term.
'61 Disch. Apr. 10. "63.
'61 Disch. Dec. 20 for wounds received at
Cedar Mountain. Va.. Aug. 9. '62.
'63 Killed at Dallas, Ga..May 28, '64; buried
I in Marietta and Atlanta Nat Cem.,
I Marietta, sec. A, grave 610.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. o. with companV July 19, '65.
"64 Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Apr. 1, '65;
disch. bv general order .July 19. '65.
'61 Died at "Kernstown, Va,. July 2, '62;
buried in Nat, Cem.. Winchester, "Va.,
lot 17.
'SllDied at Washington. D. C, Mar. 29, '63.
Soldiers True
343
Naiiii).
Date of
Miistur In.
Military Kecord.
Singer, John
Strayer, Charles —
Siites, Ransom T. .
Svvager, William 1$.
Shoppart, Jacob K.
Smith, Abraham
Scholz, Reinhard D
Steteken, George..,
Stearns, Eugene F..
Sackett, John F ...
Shontz, Joseph
Smith, Jacob
Smock, Jacob
Smith, JohnC
Shoup, Henry
Swager, WiUiam B,
Smith, John
Smith, Frank
Schrimer, Leander.,
Smith, George C
True, Chandler I)...
Tracy, Jacob
Tierny, Patrick. ..
Veith, Martin
Vancamp, Isaac .
Vaiimarter. Alfred..
Williams, Robert B.
Waters, John P
Wright, William...
Welch, John
Wyatt, William
Waters, John P
Waid, Simon S
Williams, Albert M.
AVilcox, Samuel
Williams, Ezra
Wort, Charles D...,
Wilkes, Thomas....
Waid, Homer J. C
Wood, Monroe .
Young, George M.. ,
Zinmierman, Lewis
John Braden
James M. Wells ...
C. M. Kingsbury
Andrew M. Tracy..
George Selkregg
John L.Wells
Sheldon M. Moore..
Private.
Aug. 1,
Sept. 20,
Oct. 10, '61
Feb. 19,
Jan. 12,
Feb. 8,
Aug. 14,
Aug. 27,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 2,
Sept. 19,
Nov. 22,
Aug. 27,
Feb. 1,
Nov. 22,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
Aug. 27,
Oct. 10,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 1,
Nov. 2,
Dec. 6,
Nov. 25,
Jan. 12,
July 2,
Mar. 26,
Jan. 3,
Nov. 22,
Dec. 13,
Sept. 15,
Nov. 2.
Nov. 2,
Feb. 11,
July 17,
Nov. 22,
Nov. 22,
Aug. 27,
Jan. 10,
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62, and
at Dallas, (id.. May 27, '64; m. o. with
comi);iny July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62;
m. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company Jidy 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company .Inly 19, '65.
Sub. ; disch. by general order June 26, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 26, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 20, '63.
Disch. Nov. 1, 'CA; exp. of term.
Disch. by general order June 21, '65.
Died at Winchester, Va.. July 6, '62;
buried in Nat. Cem., lot 9.
Sub. ; killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct.
29, '63.
Died at Kingston, Ga., June 26, of wounds
received near Dallas, Ga., May 29, '64.
Disch., date unknown.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 31, '64.
Sub. ; des. June 30, '65.
Des. Julys, '65; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 13, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 15, '63.
Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug.9, '62.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Tr. to Co. K Jan. 1, '62.
Des. Feb. 18, '62.
M. o. with company Jidy 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with comitany.July 19, '65.
M. o. with company .Tuly 19. '65.
Absent, in arrest, at lu. o. ; Vet.
Di.sch. ou Surg, certificate Feb. 12, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 16, '63.
Pro. to Hosp. St. July 1, '61; Vet.
Died at Acouia Creek, Va., Mar. 15, '63.
Died at Baltimore, Md., Oct. 14, '62.
Died at Nashville, Teun., July 20, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. I, grave 597.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Disch. Mar. 6, '63.
Disch. Mar. 6, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 31, '64.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
COMPANY F
Captain.
1st Lt.
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Dec. 6, '61 Died at North East, Pa., Mar. 11, '63.
Oct. 22, '61 Pro. from Adj. May 16. '63; wd. at Wau-
hatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63; and atRe-
saca, Ga., May 15, '64; to Bvt. Maj. and
Lt. Col. Mar. 13, '65; m. o. with com-
pany July 19, '65.
Oct. 22, '61 Pro. from 2d Lt. Feb. 14, '63; killed at
Chancellorsville, Va., May 3, '63.
Oct. 22, '6l|Pro. from 1st Sgt. Sept. .">, '63; wd. at
Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63, and at
Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; disch. May
15, '65.
Oct. 2'2, '61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; pro.
from Sgt. to 2d Lt. Sept. 21, '63 ; to Capt.
Co. A Nov. 1. '64.
Nov. 20, '6rCap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.,July20,'64;
pro. from 1st Sgt. Apr. 28. '65 ; m. o. with
company July 19. '65; Vet.
Nov. 8, '61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
344
Soldiers True
Jiame.
Bronson Orton
.Stephen A. Howard —
William H. Diiniond
Robert Gougli
Alexander T. Dickson..
Joseph D. Lnce
Ashbel Orton
David Martz
Henry W. Tracy
Noah W. Lowell
Michael Gorman
Charles P. Lewis
Michael O'Donnell
Charles Deislang
Lester Cooledge
Frederick Clark
Lodln J. Dyke
John Hilton
Emory \V. Skinner.
Marvin D. Pettit
Christian Atkinson
George E. Town
Austin, Eli
Adams, David B
Austin, Eli
Allen, DonO
Austin, William H
Bemis, Andrew J
I'.Done, John J
I'.tMHiett, John
lUtsching, Charles
Burk, Howard
P.i'iiiis, William L
I'.inwn, Hiram I\I
lu-atty, (Jeorge N
Hisljee, Curtis
Bisbee, Ephraim
Blizzard, James
l?nsh, Norton C
Bogue, George
Booles, Amos
Brown, Leonard
Bemis, Henry H
Brown, Joseph
Barr, George
Cooley, Horatio G
1st Sgt.
Sergeant.
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
Nov. 25,
Dec. 3,
Oct. 30,
Oct. 22,
Jan. 9,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
Oct. 22, '61
Sept. 1, '62
Nov. 25,
Feb. 8,
Corporal. Oct. 30, '61
Muc.
Private.
Dec. 31,
I Aug. 25,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
Sept. 11,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
p-eb. 10,
Feb. 12,
Dec. 3,
Jan. 7,
Nov. 25,
Sept. 3, '62
Dec. 17,
Mar. 16,
Nov. 24,
Aug. 25,
Aug. 25,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
Sept. 1,
Sept. 5,
Mar. 10,
Jan. 7,
Nov. 25,
Dec. 6,
Nov. 25,
Dec. 19,
Aug. 25,
Aug. 25,
Nov. 25,
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 6, '63.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Kesaca, Ga., May 15, '61; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
m. o. with company Julv 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62,
and at Wauhatchie, Tenn.. Oct. 29, '63;
m. o. with company July 19, '65 ; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 13, '62.
Disch. Feb. 1, '63, for wounds received ac
Autietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62,
and at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; discb.
by special order Mar. 31, '65 ; Vet.
Wd.at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; disch
by general order June 3, '65.
Pro. to Com. Sgt. Apr. 3, '63.
Killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
20, '64; Vet.
Wd. at Kesaca, Ga., May 15, '61; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Sub. ; wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.,
July 20, 't)4; absent at m. o.
Disch., date unknown.
Disch., date unknown, for wounds re-
ceived at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 14, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
Pro. to S"gt. Maj. Nov. 1, '62.
Died at Alexandria, Va., Aug. 28, of
wounds received at Cedar Mountain,
Va., Aug. 9, '62; grave 190.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; m. o.
with company July 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug., '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 2, '63.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; disch.
<m Surg, certificate Jan. 11, '63.
Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'61; disch. by general order June 3, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. w ith company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., .July
20, '04; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 1.5, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 15, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
Wd. at Autietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
disch., date unknown.
Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
disch., date unknown.
Died Aug. 12 of wounds received at
Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9. '62.
Died Jan. 26, '63; buried in Nat. Ceni.,
Antietam, Md., sec. 26, lot E, grave 483.
Died Feb. 19, '63.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
des. Dec. 17, '62.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63
Sub.; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63;
reenlisted Mar. 28, '61; wd. at Peach
Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, '64; m. o. with
company July 19, '65.
Soldiers True
345
Name.
Callaghau, Kdwaid O
Conley, Cornelius T.
Chainbcis, Kiigoue L
Colburii, Sylvester...
Carr, Thomas . ...
Conyers, Joseph H.
Coinst.ock, (iiistaviis
Cha|)iii, rt'imcl
Curtis, Charles
Chainhers, Kobiuson...
Canipbeli, Nathan
Campbell, James
Cooney, David
Currie, Michael
Dill, Leonard
Davidson, Madison H.
Drake, Sanford
De Wolfe, Charles...
Dyke, Logan .J
Denham, William W
Doollttle, Willis
Davis, William
Dorsey, Miles
Dorsey, Kilward
Daiuiiiiian, .lames F
Estes, Charles K
Franz, Peter
Foehl, Charles.
Fink, Andrew
Forbes, Charles
Frey^ Abraham
Ferris, Albert N
Fortin, Charles H
Fritts, Christian H . .
Fox, Frederick
Fearstiue, Heury. . .
French, Patrick
Geisecke, Frederick
George, Jacob L
Graham, Robert M..
Golden, William
Ilorstman, Charles.
Hawk, Henry .
Hiti'hi'ock, Newton.
Hatch, Henry.
HoUister, James H.
Humphrey, James
Hart, Levi C
Hyatt, Jolin E
Hughes, John
Hardy, Ebenezer. . .
Hitchcock, Lemuel.
Hittsman, John
Heath, Andrew J...
Hoskins, Daniel
Howard, Orville A..
Hellreigle, George..
Private.
Aug. 'zr>,
Feb. 14,
Dec. »!,
Dec. G,
Dec. 19,
Apr. 2,
Jan. 7,
Jan. 4.
Dec. 3,
Date of
Muster In.
Military IJecord.
Dec.
19,
'til
Dec.
19,
'(il
Feb.
IT,
't')2
Aug.
25,
'(;;5
Aug.
25,
'(;;<
Jan.
19,
'W
Nov.
25,
'(il
Jan.
25,
'64
Jan.
25,
'CA
Nov.
25,
'til
Aug.
21!,
't;.s
Jan.
18,
•64
Jan.
25,
'64
Aug.
25,
'63
July
IT,
'iVA
Feb.
-*>.
'ly
Jan.
25
•64
Oct.
22,
'61
Aug. 26, '63
Nov.
25,
'61
Feb.
2T,
't;2
Nov.
25,
•(11
Nov.
25,
'61
Mar.
11,
'62
Nov.
25,
'61
Dec.
21.
'61
Aug.
25,
'lil!
Dec.
13,
'61
Aug.
21,
'C.'i
Jan.
9,
'(i2
Jan.
6,
'61
Aug.
25,
'63
Jan.
5,
'(i4
Feb.
14,
■i;2
Nov.
25,
•(;i
Nov.
25,
•i;i
Nov.
25,
■61
Nov.
25,
•(il
Nov.
25,
'61
Dec.
6,
'61
Dec.
6,
'61
Nov. 25, '61
Sept. 1,
Nov. 25,
Nov. 25,
Dec. 19,
Aug. 25,
Nov. 8,
Sub. ; in. o. with company July 19, '65.
Absent, wd., at m. o. ; Vet.
I )iscli. on Surg. certili(^ate, date unknown.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Nov. 12, '62.
Disch. Dec. 20, '64; exp. of term.
Disch. Apr. 27, '65; exp. of term.
Killed at Chancellors vi lie, Va., May 3, '63.
Killed at Dallas, (la.. May 2.^ '64.
Died at Chaltaniioga. Tciin., June U of
wounds received at Dallas, Ga., May 25,
'61; buriediii Nat. Cem., grave 1T3; Vet.
Des. Dec. 17, '62.
Des. June 2, '(i2.
Des. June 25, '65; Vet.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 3, '63.
Sub. ; des. July 8, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 6, '62.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; disch. on
Surg, certificate Apr. 3, '65.
Disch. by general order June 13, '65.
Pro. to Sgt. Maj. Sept. 3, '63.
Sub. ; tr. to U. S. Navy Apr. 22, '64.
Died July 11, '64; buriecf in Nat. Cem.,
Nashville, Teiin., sec. H, grave 776.
Died Mar. 19, '65.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Des. June 25, '65; Vet.
Absent, in arrest, at m. o.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; cap.
at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, '64;
m. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
Sub.; ^vd. at Kesaca, Ga., May 15, '64;
disch. by general order July 10. '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 11, '62.
Disch. by general order .lune 3, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 24, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 30, '62.
Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Des. June 3, '65.
Sul). ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Des., date unknown.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. by general onier July 6", '65.
Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
buried in Nat. Cera., sec. 26, lot A,
grave 90.
Sub. ; des. June 28, '65.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. by general order June 3, '6.5.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 13, "(i2.
Disch. on Surg, ceititicate.date unknown.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 1,5. '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate .Fan. 6, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate P>b. 19, '(!3.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 14, '(i.s.
Wd. at Ciiarlestowii, Va., ISIay 28, and at
Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62; disch.
Dec. 20, '64; exp. of term.
Disch. May 15, '65, for wounds received at
Dallas, Ga., May 2.5, '&4.
Disch. by general order June 3, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 13, '63.
Died at Baltimore, Md., Apr. 10, '62.
Died July 20, '62.
Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Died July23 of wounds received at Peach
Tree Creek. Ga.. July 20, '64; buried iu
I Marietta and Atlanta Nat. Cem., Mari-
etta Ga., sec. C, grave 674; Vet,
346
Soldiers True
Name.
Haygeman, Charles..
Hurley, James
Harper, Samuel
Hotchkiss, Judson . . .
Insande. William H.
Ingraliam, HoUiday. .
Joues, Maivin E
Jones, Robert
Kane, John
Koke, Christian
Kepler, Lewis
Lachall, Philip
Lippener, Peter
Larue, John
Leonard, James
Loomis. Joseph W.. .
Lawson, James
Lewis, Benjamin X . .
Leavitt, Hezekiah...
Munsel, Ira B
Maitin, Samuel
Messenger, James H
ISIarguard, Peter
Maxham, Herbert...
Manly, Hiram P
Marts, James
Moore, Lyman C
Morrissey, John
Maconnahy, C. W...
Morton, Ralph
Morton, Jerome
Melleck, Morgan
Meyers. Charles
Miller, John.
Miller, Joseph
Myers, Robert
Maloy, James
IM'Clyments. Samuel.
MGinley, .John
Osborn, .John
Ochs, Josiah F
Poole. Edwin F
Parsons, Dennis
Phillips, Isaac
Palmer, Esborn C
Powers. William H..
Pierce, Daniel
Putnam, Clark T
Parkhurst. Grant
Piatt. Jacob H
Pike. George
Parsons, Holland
Pfannkuch. .Jacob...
Peters. Charles
Roberts, William
Robinson, Elijah
Date of
Master In.
Military Record.
Private. Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Aug. 25, '63 Sub.; des. Oct. 1, '6.3.
'• Sept. 10, '64 Never joined company.
Feb. 16, '64 Died at Pittsburg, Pa., Mar. 2.5,'64; buried
' in Allegheny Cem.
Jan. 22, '62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
Nov. 8, '61 Died July 22, '61; Vet.
Oct. 10, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; des. July 20, '64.
' (Dec. 24, '61 Disch. Oct. 28, '62, lor wounds received at
I Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; died Feb. 13, '64.
Aug. 20, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Mar. 10, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Aug. 26, 'a3 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Feb. 10, '62 Absent, wd., at m. o. ; Vet.
" Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate July 13, '62.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 21, '62.
Nov. 25, '61 Died Apr. 28, '62.
Feb. 16, '64 Died July 15. '64; buried in Nat. Cem.,
Nashville, Tenn.. sec. H, grave 813.
I Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63; returned; des.
I again May 25, '64.
Jan. 5, •'64 Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20.
'64; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Nov. 11, '62 Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; m. o.
with company July 19, '65.
" !Jan. 19, '63 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
" ;Nov. 25, '61 Disch., date unknown.
" Dec. 19, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 6, '63.
" |Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 6, '63.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 14, '63.
Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 2.5, '64;
I I disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 6, '64.
Mar. 10, '62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
" Sept. 1, '62 Wd. at Dallas. Ga.,May 2.5, '64; disch.
I by general order June 3, '&5.
Sept. 1, '62 Died Jan. 5. '63; buried in Military Asy-
I lum Cem., D. C.
iNov. 25, '61 Died at Alexandria, Va., of wounds re-
I ceived at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9.
I I '62; grave 183.
" Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; died July 4, "64.
Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1. '63.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1. '63.
" Mar. 7. '62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
" Feb. 6, '62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
Mar. 1, '62 Des. Apr. 23; returned Oct. 27, '64; ab-
I sent, sick, at m.o.
" 'Aug. 21, '63 Sub. ; des. July 17, '65.
" ;Mar. 3, '62M. o. with companv July 19. '65; Vet.
Nov. 30, '61 Wd. at Autietam, Md., Sept. 17, "62; m. o
with company Julv 19, '65; Vet.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63;
I reenlisted Feb. 15, '64; m. o. with com-
panv July 19, '65.
.Ian. 18, '64 M. o. with company Julv 19, '65.
Nov. 11, '62 M. o. with company Julv 19, '65.
Nov. 2.5, '61 Disch. on Siu-g. certificate Oct. 2, '62.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. Nov. 28 for woiuids received at
I Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Sept 1, '62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
Feb. 14, '62 Disch. bv general order .June 9, '65.
:Nov. 2.5, '61 Died at Baltimore, Md., Mar. 14, '62.
Dec. 6, '61 Died July 20, '02.
JNov. 25, '61 Died July 27, '62.
Jan. .5, '64 Died Oct. 8, '64.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 15, '62.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. U, '62.
Soldiers True
347
Name.
Rogers, George.. .
Koekwell, Powell.
Reed, Natliaii \V.,
Roberts, Oliver...
Private.
Rider, Silas W
Rowland, Masters
Smith, .Jolm....
Si)ear, Thomas.
Southwick, Maniuis.
Southard, vVilliam. ..
Sears, Jolm II..
Sowers, Henry.
Smith, James E
Shaw, George W
Smith, Charles
Smith, Franeis
Stone, Warren M
Snear, Thomas
Thompson, William W.
Thompson, John, 1st. . .
Townsend, Benjamin F
Titus, Lewis E
Thompson, Stephen
Thompson, Henry M. . .
Thompson, John, 2d. ..
Thompson, John, M
Tucker, Andrew J
Vattar, John
Varney, Commo. P
Vollmer, (iottleib
Wenike, Theodore
Wyant, William F
Walker, Kockwell....
Williams, John
Williams, Robert
Wellington, Edwin R.
Webster, Daniel S
Woolsey, Alfred J ....
Wadswdrtli, Truman,,
Winters, Jolui
Writncr, Daniel
Weaver, Joseph
Warburg, S
Wilson, (ieorge
Zeller, Franz
Zenner, Joseph.,
William A. Thomas.
Captain.
Date u(
Muster In.
Alilitary KecorU.
Nov. 2.5, 'Gl Disch. Dec. 8 for wounds received at
Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. a, '62.
Nov. 2.5, '01 i:)isch. Dec. 31 for wounds received at
Cedjtr Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '02,
Nov. 25, '61 Disch., date unknown, for wounds re-
ceived at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '02.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. Nov. 11, '04 for wounds received
at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Nov. 25, '01 Died Dec. 2'J, '02.
Jan. 4, '64 Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, (in July 20
'64; died Aug. (i, 'tJ4; burial record,
died at Anderson ville, Ga., Nov. 6, '64;
grave 11,808.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 2i»,
'(»; m. o. with company July 19, '0.5.
Aug. 25, '03 Sub. ; des. ; returned ; absent, in arrest,
at m. o.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 16, '02.
Feb. 14, '02 Disch. Nov. 30 for woiuids received at
Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62.
Nov. 25, '61 Disch. on Surg, certihcate Dec. 30, '62.
Aug. 2,5, '63 Sub. ; disch. .Jan. 2, '65, for wounds re-
ceived in action.
May 1, '62 Disch. by general order June 3, '&5.
Aug. 20, 'OSSub. ; tr. to U. S. Navy Apr. 22; '64.
Aug. 25, '(!3 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '(W.
Aug. 26, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Jan. 19, '64 Des. Mar. 1, '05.
Aug. 25, '63 Sub. ; des. June 29, '&5.
Dec. 3, '61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '02, and
at Resaca, Ga., May 15, '64; m. o. with
company July 19, '0.5; Vet.
Nov. 20, '01 Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.. July 20,
'64; m. o. with coTiiiiany. July I'.i, '0.5; Vet.
M. o. with coMipanv .fiiiV i!i, '•(,.-); \'et.
Disch. by general order May 20, '05.
i Disch., (late unknown.
Sub.; des. Sept. 3. '03.
Sub.; des. Oct. 1, '0,3.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 3, '03.
Des. .rune 25, '05.
Disch. by general order June 3, '6.5.
Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug., '62.
Des. June 27. '65.
Sub. ; wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
20, '04; m. o. with company July 19, '05.
Absent, sick, at ni. o. ; Vet.
Disch. on Sm-g. certificate Oct. 15, '62.
Disch. on Surg, cert ificitc, date unknown.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate .lun. 16, '03.
Disch. Feb. 5, '03, for wounds received at
I Antietam, Md., Sejit. 17, '02.
Disch. Dec. 20, '64; exp. of term.
[Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 6, '05.
Died June 22, '04.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Sub. ; des., date unknown.
Sub. ; des. Dec. 9, '64.
Never joined company.
Not on in. o. roll.
Sub.; died Dec. 29. '64; burial record,
I Dec. 20. '64; buried in Nat. Cem., Jef-
I fersouville, Ind.. sec. 1, grave 77.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 1, '63.
Mar. 5,
Jan. 21,
Dec. 27,
Aug. 2.5,
Aug. 2»>,
Aug. 24,
Jan. 13,
Inly 14.
Dec. 24,
Aug. 20, '63
Mar. 8,
Nov. 25,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Sept. 1,
Dec. 6,
Feb. 22,
Sept. 1,
Aug. 2,5,
Aug. 20,
Aug. 26,
Feb. 7,
Aug. 21,
Aug. 26, '63
COMPANY G
Nov. 28, '61 Com. Maj. Oct. .30, '03, not mustered ; wd.
at Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Nov. 24,
'03; disch. on Surg, certificate .Alar,
1 31, '65.
348
Soldiers True
Military Record.
Frederick L. Gimber.
Christian Sexaur
William Mathers
Joseph Crouenberger. .
Valentine Hitchcock . .
Albert N. Kidney.
Fergus Elliot
Stephen Allen
Captain.
1st Lt.
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Sergeant.
May 6,
Nov. 28,
May 8,
Nov. 3,
James M'Math
William Hawk
Lewis Minium . . .
Ferdinand Heintz.
Smith Bly Corporal.
Porter J. Howard. . .
Samuel C. Morelaud.
John M. Vallean
Marvin Tyler
Thomas Sharman.
Gideon G. Bly
Levi A. Abbott.
Anthony, Andrew . ,
Billings. Lorenzo...
Brush, Robert M....
Brooks, George W..
Buchanan, Edward.
Brown, John
Brush, Edson
Betts, James V
Baker. John
Barchold, Frank.
Brady, Joseph H.
Beatty, George..
Burdick, Albert. .
Private.
Barnes, Orlin H
Carnahan, Thomas J.
Cody, John
Crozier, Orlando
Coleman, Peter
Caldwell, Wilson
Crouch, John M
Corey, AVilliam
Cronin, Daniel
Cole. Bela S
Games, David
Clark, William H. H..
Coffey, Dennis ,
Cover, John
Cannon, John
Carpenter, George W,
Campbell, Thomas H.
Duncan, Alphonzo
Nov. 4, '61
Apr. 9,
Mar. 21,
Dec. 23,
Feb. 19,
Mar. 7.
Nov. 26,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 28, '61
Nov. 3,
Nov. 4,
Mar. 10,
Dec. 23, '63
Feb. 8,
Dec. 23,
Nov. 3, '61
Mar. 7,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 22,
Mar. 28,
Feb. 11.
Feb. 26,
Nov. 4,
Nov. 4,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 30,
Nov. 3,
Feb. 24,
Nov. 4,
Feb. 11,
Feb. 17,
Nov. 3,
Dec. 31,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 4,
Nov. 4, '61
Nov. 3,
Nov. 22,
Jan. 3,
Nov. 3,
Aug. 18,
Dec. 8,
Nov. 26,
Aug. 23,
Mar. 1,
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, (ia.. July 20,
'64; disch. by special order Mar. 31, '65.
M. o. with company Julv 19, '65.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., "Sept. 17, '02; res.
Jan. 13, '03.
Pro. from 1st Sgt. Jan. 14, '63; disch.
Aug. 4, '63.
Res. Apr. 9, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with compauv July 19, "65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Wd. at Grier's Farm, Ga., June 21, '64;
disch. June 15, '(», to date exp. of term.
Wd. at Wauhatchie, Teun., Oct. 29, '03;
m. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Pro. to Corp. June 27, '65; m. o. with
company July 19, '05; Vet.
Pro. to Corp. June 28, '65; m. o. with
company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Pro. to Corp. May 8, '05; absent, on fur-
lough, at m. o. ; Vet.
Killed at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62;
buned in Nat. Cem., lot A, sec. 26,
grave 83.
M. o. with company July 19, '05.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. by general order June 6, '6.5, to
date exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 28, '63.
Disch. on Sing, certificate Jan. 6, '03.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 9, '63.
Died at Philadelphia. Pa., Oct. 3. '62.
Died at Frederick, Md., Feb. 11, '63, of
I wounds received at Antietam, Md.,
Sept. 17. '02; buried In Nat. Cem., sec.
26, lot A or E, grave 92 or 487.
Dropped from rolls Oct. 14, '62.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. near Dallas, Ga., May 27, '04; ab-
sent at ni. o. ; Vet.
Disch. by general order Aug. 4, '65.
Disch. by general order June 6, '65, to
date exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 29, '63.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
disch. on Sin-g. certificate Jan. 11, '03.
Wd. at Antietam, Md.. Sept. 17, '02;
disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 7, '03.
Disch. on Snrg. certificate ISIay 24, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 6, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 7, '02.
Disch. Feb. 14, '05, to date exp. of term.
Disch. by general order June 6, '65.
Disch. June 1, '05, to date exp. of term.
Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. 26, lot A,
grave 91.
Sub. ; not on m. o. roll.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
J
Soldiers True
349
Naiiiu.
De James, Lewis
l)e Witt. Clinton
Doolin, William
Dm and, David
Davis, Zet)baniah . . .
Elmers, Theodore .
Eastlk'k, Frederick..
Ehret, Sebastian
Ellis, John M
Ellis, John C
Feeney, George B
Fields, John
Fay, George N
Foote, William D . . .
Fuller, Andrew
Fuller. Truman
Fish, Elisha A
Free, William H.. ..
Fellows, Chester C. .
Gordon, Timothy
Greenfield, Burnani. .
(iibbert, George
Gninan, Frank
Harvey. Henry
Hammond, David J..
Haffer, Jacob B
Harris, James N
Harris, Richard E
Howard, Jacob W . . .
Hodge, Arthiu'
Hodge, Charles W...
Hooven, Thomas .J.. .
Hiegle, Hironemos...
Hillman, Ezra B
Hayford, Ira
Hawkins, Alpheus. . .
Hall, James
Howard, Morehead..
Hennessey, Henry. . .
Irish, Albert
Jackson, Isaac
Klumph, Delos J
Kreitmger. John
Keen, John P
Lawrence, Charles T
Leacock, George W.
Labarr, James
Lyman, Cyrus
Luce. George W
Lewis, Joseph
Marshall, Isaac P
Mosher, Lorenzo H. .
Marsh, Cyrenemus. . .
Mosher, George "W. . .
Private.
I)alf..f
.Muster In.
Jlilttary Kecord.
Jan.
Oct.
Feb.
Nov.
Aug.
Dec.
Nov.
Nov.
Feb.
15, '64
1, '61
5, '64
3, '61
23, '64
23, '6;5
4, '61
27, '61
24, '02
Feb. 24, '62
Mar.
Jail.
Dec.
Nov.
Nov.
Sept.
Nov.
Dec.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Nov.
Feb.
Nov.
Nov.
Feb.
Feb.
Mar.
Feb.
Mar.
Feb.
Nov.
Nov.
Dec.
Nov.
Dec.
Feb.
Oct.
Nov.
2, '64
13, '62
11, '01
4, '61
4, '61
9, '01
26, '61
18, '61
15, '61
2, '02
4, '61
3, '61
3, '01
27, '02
3, '61
3, '61
21, '62'
11, '64
14, '64
26, 'W
17, '62
19, '64
3, '61
■ 4, '61
2, '01
25, '01
1, '02
12, '64
15, '61
4, '61
Mar. 26, '62
Feb.
16,
'04
Dec.
18,
'01
Oct.
7,
'61
Deo.
4,
'01
Mar.
25,
'62
Feb.
10,
'04
Mar.
28,
'CA
Nov.
28,
'01
Jan.
29,
'02
Nov.
4,
'61
Feb.
3,
'f>5
Nov.
3,
'61
Feb. 3, '65
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Aug. 25, '02.
Died at .leftersonville, Ind., June 29, '64;
hurled in Nat. Cem., New Albany, sec.
I?, grave .'•.91.
Dropped from rolls Oct. 14, '02.
Sub. ; not on in. o. roil.
Wd. at Culp's Farm, (ia., .Iiine 17, 't4;
m. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Mar. 25, '03.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 29, '63.
Wd. at Pine Knob, (ia., June 1.5, '04;
disch. Mar. 2_', 'i;r., to date exp. of t«M-m.
Wd. at CliaiicclloisN iUf, Va., May 3, '03;
tr. to Vet. Keserve Corps Jan. 28, '64.
Absent, sick, at m. o.
Absent, in arrest, at ni. o.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Nov. 29, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Aug. 10, '02.
Disch. on Suru. certilicate Jan. 0, 'Ki.
Discli. on Sing, certilicate Aug. 29, '62.
Wd. at Wauliatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63;
disch. Nov. 28, '64; exp. of term.
Died in INIereer Co., Pa., Mar. 23, '64; Vet.
Never joined company.
Disch. by general order May 22, '0.5.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Jan. 23, '03.
Tr. to Co. K Jan. 1, 62.
Tr. to Co. K Jan. 1, 62.
M. o. with comiiany July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with conii)any .Inly 19, '(C; Vet.
Wd. at Peach Tree (reek, Ga., July 20,
'64; m. o. with company July 19. '05;
Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with comi)any .July 19, '6.5.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Absent, sick, at m. o. ; Vet.
Absent, on detached service, at m. o.
Disch. by general order J. me 6, '05, to
date exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 23, '03.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 10, '(i2.
Died at Cliester, Pa., June 17, '03.
Died lit Harper's Ferry, Va., Jan. 16. '03.
Died at Cassville, Ga.,May21, '04; buried
in ^Marietta and Atlanta Nat. Cem.,
Marietta, Ga., sec. A, grave 577.
Des. June 21, '62.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17. '62; disch.
on Surg, certificate Apr. 25, '03.
Wd. at Wauhatehie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '63;
died in Nashville July 12, '64; buried in
Nat. Cem., sec. I, grave 2.59.
Disch. on Surg, certificate May 16, '6.5.
Disch. Dec. 29, '64; exp. of term.
Des. Feb. 25, '02.
ISL o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company .July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '05.
Des. Feb. 11, '05.
Disch. Dec. 29. '64; exp. of term.
Des. ; returned ; disch. by general order
July 19, '05.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 27, '03.
Disch. by general order June, 24, '05.
Died at Bridgeport, Ala., Nov. 3, of
wounds received at Wauhatehie, Tenn.,
Oct. 29, '63.
Died at Washington, D. C, June 25, '65;
buried in Nat. Cem., Arlington, Va.
350
Soldiers True
Date of
MuBl'tr In.
ililiUtry Kecord.
Mason, John.
Matf-s. Jacob.!
MFarland. Alexander.
M' Falls. John
M'Grath. John
M'Elhaney, Leander.
M'Murraj', Thomas..
M'Gee, Jame.s K
MCall, John
M'Manigle, Samuel.
M'Kenna, Jame.s
M'Michael. Cyru-s. . .
3I'Kay, Kobert
Nesbitt, William
?foble, James
Orson, Benson
Patterson, Curtis...
Page, Herbert
Pelton, Isaiah
PoUv, Daniel
Parfneter. William..
Piitrnan, Union
Quick, Ambrose —
Pain van. Henry E...
PkUnyan. John... .
Kobinson, John J
Ryley, Jarnes
Pidley, Georg
Keinger, John
Reid Hollis
Peed, Layton C
Rough, Jaeob
Rodgers, John L
Ridings, John W
Reynolds. John
Reiter.Hugh
Reynolds, Benjamin F.
Strayer, Ahab K
Sweet, Peter G..
Smock, James N.
Smock, I>eonard .
Stowe, John J
Sheldon, Charle.s.
Smock, Hiram N.
Snodgra.ss, M. P. .
Spath, Joseph....
Sutton, Jarnes M.
Sherwood, M. M.
Steadman, Thomas.
Tolon, Ignatio
Thomas, John P....
Walp, George H .
Walp, Isaiah J..
Why, Thomas....
Waters, Henry L.
Private. iNov. 3, '61, Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; died at Washington, D. C, July l,
I I '65: Vet.
'61 Des. Feb. 25, 'C2.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'(A Absent, in arrest, at m. o.
'62 Disch. by general order June 6, '65, to
date exp. of term.
'61 Di.sch. on Surg, certificate June 2, '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb., '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 18, '62.
'61 Disch. on writ of habeas corpus Feb.
18, '63.
'62 DLsch. Mar. 29, '65; exp. of term.
'62 D»6ch. Apr. 8, '65; exp. of term.
'61 Died at Baltimore, Md., July 18, '62.
'61 Died at Warrenton, Va.. July 24, '62;
I buried in Nat. Cem., Arlington, block 2,
! sec. E, row 4, grave 69.
'61 Di.sch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 11, '62.
'61 Di.sch. on Surg, certificate May 22, '65.
'64 Disch. by sj^ecial order Mar. 31, '65.
'63 M. o. with company .luly 19, '65; Vet.
'6i M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 Absent, sick, at m.'o.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 13, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. ic, '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 30, '62.
'61 Disch. Dec. 29, '&4; exp. of term.
'63 Wd. at Dallas, Ga.. May 27, '64; m. o.
with compauv July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, 'fS.
'tio M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'65 -M. o. with cornpanv July 19. '65.
'62 Des. Nov. 8, '62; returned Nov. 17, '64;
I m. 0. with comi>any July 19, '65.
'63 Absent, on furlough, at m. o.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 20. '63.
'64 Disch. by general order Juneao, '6.o.
'62 Disch. June 1, '65, to date exp. of term.
'62 Disch. Apr. 4, '65; exp. of term.
'61 Disch. Dec. 29. '64; exp. of term.
'61 Des. June 21, '62.
'61 Des. June 21, '62.
'61 Dropped from rolls Oct. 14. '62.
'61 Wd. at Grier's Farm, Ga., June 21. '64;
m. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with company .Julv 19. '&5; Vet.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 31, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 16, '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 17. '62.
'61 Des. Oct. 17, '62; returned Aug. 24. '64;
I pris. from Mar. 14 to May 4. '65; disch.
' June 8. to date Mav 21. '6.5.
'61 Wd. at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62 ; disch.
Nov. ft, '64; exp. of term.
'61 Tr. to Co. K Jan. 1, '62.
'61 Tr. to Co. K Jan. 1, '62.
'61 Wd. at Antietam. Md., Sept. 1", '62; died
at Bridgeport. Ala.. Nov. 2. of wounds
received at Wauhatchie, Tenn.,Oct.29,
'63; buried in Nat. Cem., Chattanooga,
Tenn., grave .321.
'61 Des. Feb. 2.5, '62.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '6.5.
'61 Died at Washington. D. C. Aug. 31, '62;
: buried in Military Asvlum Cem.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 M. 0. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. 0. with company July 19, '65.
Oct.
15, •
Nov.
3.
.Mar.
21,
Alar.
a,
Nov.
4.
Nov.
3,
Nov.
4,
Nov.
18,
Feb.
24
Jan.
17,
Sept.
25,
Oct.
10,
Oct.
1,
Mar.
3,
Jan.
24,
Dec.
2:j,
.Mar.
3,
Feb.
25,
Nov.
4,
Dec.
4,
Deo.
18.
Dec.
2,
Dec.
31,
Feb.
12,
Feb.
10,
Feb.
9,
Jan.
12,
Dec.
24,
Nov.
4,
.Mar.
26.
Mar.
17,
Apr.
2,
Nov
22,
Oct.
18,
Sept
25.
Dec.
»J,
Nov
22,
Nov
28,
.Jan.
20,
Sept
.25,
Nov
4,
iNov
3,
iNov
30,
Nov. 4,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3.
Nov. 22,
Dec. 28,
'July 9,
Nov. 4,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 23,
Mar. 7,
iFeb. 5,
Soldiers True
351
l>ate of
Muster In.
Military Kw'ord.
Weaver, Sylvester..
Williamson, Ernest.
Wright, .loliii
Waters, Jonathan...
Wilson, J()lin,.Ir
Wrightinan, Willi am
Wade, John
Woods, I^enuiel D .
Wesir, Samuel
Yokes, Thomas
Young, Samuel
Young, Philip
Zimmerman, Fred . . ,
Zimmerman, Carl
ite. .Jan. 30,
Jan. 30,
Aug. 2(i,
Dec. 30,
Jan. 27, 'C2
Nov.
20,
'01
Nov.
.'i,
•01
Dec.
1",
'01
Dec.
1",
'01
Dec.
2
'01
Sept
25,
'01
Nov.
4.
■01
Nov.
29,
'01
Oct.
H,
'01
M. o. with company July 19, 'O.'i.
M. o. with company July 19, 'nn.
M. o. with c()nii)auy July 19, '(\r>.
Wd. at Waiihatchie, Teun., Oct. 29, '03;
disch. by general order June 0, '0.">; to
date exp. of term.
Di.sch. by general order June 0, '05, to
date exp. of term.
Di.sch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 3, '02.
Tr. to Co. K Jan. 1, '02.
Des. Oct. 17, '02.
Dropped from rolls Oct. 14, "02.
Discli. Dec. 23 for wounds received at
Aiitii-tain, .Mil., Sei)t. 17, '02.
Discli. liv spcciul (ir(lerMar.31, '05; Vet.
Died at Harper's Kerry, Va., Dec. 1.5, '02.
Disch. on Surg, certilicate Dec. 22, '02.
Pro. to PI. Muc. Oct. 10, '01.
COMPANY H
John P. Schlaudecker
Hiram L. Blodgett
William C. Hay
George J. Whitney. . .
Jobnll. Boyle
William P. Gould
Samuel S. Bloom
Walter V. B. Reed....
Kdwin (i. Irish
John H. Henry
Daniel G. Gibson
A. W. Higeniell
Clark L. Eighmy
Myron E. Smith
Thomas M. Antrim. . .
Alsinus Andrews
Joseph H. Wolf
Warren B. Hills
Peter A. Duttlinger..
Paul Steck
William Carey
George D. Thompson.
Michael Mohan
Philander Langdon...
George (iunu
George Clark
L. De La Fountain....
Arad A. Slieldon
Isaac S. Baldwin
23
Captain.
1st Lt.
Nov. 2,
Nov. 3,
Sept. 15, '61
Dec. 18,
Dec. 18,
Nov. 4, '61
2d Lt. Nov. 2,
l.st Sgt. Dec. 16,
Sergeant. Sept. 15,
" I Nov. 2,
Nov. 15,
Oct. 27,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 22,
Mar. 24, '62
Dec. 18,
Corporal. Sept. 16,
Dec. 1.5,
Dec. 2.5,
Mar. 2.5.
Feb. 25.
Feb. 1.5, '64
Feb. 27, '64
Dec.
.30,
'61
Dec.
18,
'61
Nov.
2,
'61
Dec.
18,
'(!1
Nov.
2,
'01
Nov.
15,
'01
'Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 29, '03.
iPro. from Adj. Mar. 12, '04; died at Chat-
tanooga, Teuu., Aug. 5, '04.
Pro. from 1st Lt. Co. C Jan. 17, '05; 111. o.
with company July 19, '05.
Res. Mar. 5, '03.
Pro. from Private Co. K to 2d Lt. Mar. 12,
'02; to 1st Lt. May 1, '03; to Adj. Mar.
12, '(U.
Com. 2d Lt. Mar. 5, '63; not mustered;
pro. from 1st Sgt. ]\Iar. 21, '64; wd. at
Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, '04;
dLsch. June 19, to date Mar. 31, '05 ; Vet.
Res. Mar. 12, '62.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, (in., July 20,
'04; 111. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with coniiiauy July 19, '05; Vet.
Wd. at Cedai- .Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '02,
and atChaucellorsville May3, '03; pro.
from Corp. IMay l, '05; m. 0. with com-
pany July 19, '05; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 10, '02.
|Wd. at Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29, '03;
disch. by special order Mar. 31, '65;
I Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 14, '65;
I Vet.
[Died at Acquia Creek, Va., Feb. 21, '6,3.
iWd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '01; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
IM. o. with company .July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with comi)auy July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
Pro. to Corp. May 25, '05; m. o. with com-
pany July 19, '0.5.
Wd. at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '64; pro.
to Corp. June 1, '05; m. o. with com-
pany July 19, '05.
Pro. to Corp. June 1, '65; absent, sick, at
m. o.
Disch. Feb. 2, '65, to date exp. of term.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 11, '62.
Disch. ou Surg, certificate Aug. 11, '02.
Disch. 011 Surg. ctTtilicatf Oct. 25, '02.
Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps iMar. 31, '04.
Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., .Inly 20,
'04; died at Alexandria, Va., May 24,
'05; Vet.
zs^
Soldiers True
Ka"fc.
Dat« of
Master In.
Military Eecord.
James Ewing
Abel. John W. S
Antrim. John E
Austin. William K
Agen, Thomas
Beales, Thomas J
Bentzing, John
Brennan. Owen
Boran. James
BrowTi. Lucius
Bull. George
Berckeel . John A
Brewer, Charles
Bowers. George W
Blenner. Anthony
Bander. Seymour M. . .
Corhus. Joseph J
Cherman. G«orge
Chum. John "W
Campbell. Edwin M
Cochrane. John S
Cobb. Eufus
Deiter. Gfxifrey B
Daniels, Marcus A
Darling. Edward.
Dotv. Lewis S
Dic&erson, George W.
Donohue. William
Durand, George W
Deemer, Dudley
Durand, Alonzo
Donovan. John ...
Dudenhoeffer, Frank..
Emmett, John
Eighmy, Hiram
Eighmy. Jacob
Edwards. .John
Fisher. Adam
Farren. Bernard D
Fell. Napoleon B
Frazier. Xewton
Foster. Merriman .J
Fox, Jerrold
Gross. Henry
Godber. William.
Green. William
Graham, Israel T
Hermann, Peter .......
Heintz. Peter
Humphreys. Jonathan.
Hermann, Charles
Harriger, William C . . .
Hagel, Samuel
Heimessey, Robert A..
Hammer, John
Higemell, BenjanMn. . .
Herbst. Lucas
Havs, George A
Hoiik, George
Hall, Seth J
Hoobler, James
Corporal. Nov. 2,
Private. Dec. 17.
" Mar. 25,
Nov. 2.
Aug. 17,
Nov. 2,
'Jime 4,
iMar. 10,
,Mar. 10.
;Nov. 22.
Nov. 2.
IDec. 20.
iNov. 2,
Nov. 22.
Dec. 20.
Jan. 27.
Nov. 2.
Sept, 1»,
Mar. 13.
Feb. 20.
Nov. 2,
Nov. 22,
Feb. 2,
Feb. 15,
Feb. 22,
Feb. 2,
Feb. 23,
Feb. 15,
Nov. 2.
Dec. 20,
Dec. 21,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
'Jan. 13,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 26.
Dec. 12.
Dec. 11.
Feb. 27,
Feb. 4,
Dec. 18.
Nov. 22,
.Dec. 1,
Feb. 11.
Feb. 1.
Oct. 5.
Sept. 3.
Dec. 10,
Dec. 16,
Dec. 5,
iJan. 5.
Jan. 15,
Nov. 2,
Aug. 23,
Nov. 2,
Dee. 30,
Nov. 22,
Mar. 2i,
Nov. 2,
Nov. 2,
Oct 21.
'61 Des. Oct. 25, '62.
"61 M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'62 Disch. Apr. 1, '65; exp. of term.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 30. '63.
"63 Tr. to Co. A 4th Regiment Vet. Reserve
i Corps. Mar. 19. '65; disch. by general
I order July 27. '65.
'61 M. 0. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with companv July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. o. with company July 19. '65.
'64 Absent, wounded, "at m. o.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 18. '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 14, '62.
"61 Killed at Antietam, .Md., Sept. 17, '62.
'61 Des. Jan. 1. "62.
'61 Des. Mar. 6. 62. July 6, '63, June 15. '65.
"61 Des. Mar. 3, '63.
'64 Des. Sept. 1, '64.
'61 M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
"61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65 ; Vet.
'62 M. o. with companv Julv 19. '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, ceftifica'te Apr. 14, '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 13. '63.
'62 M. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, "65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 Wd. in action Julv 1, '64 ; absent at m. o.
'ei Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 14. '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 18. '62.
'61 Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps, date unknown.
'61 Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
'61 Wd. at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62 ;
dropped from rolls.
'62 M. 0. with companv .Julv 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 14, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 13, '62.
'61 Des. May 28, '65: Vet.
'61 M. o. with companv July 19. '65; Vet.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet
'62 Absent sick, at m.'o. ; Vet
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 18, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept 25, '63.
'61 Wd. at C*dar Mountain. Va., Aug. 9, and
i at Antietam, Md.. Sept. 17. '62; tr. to
' Vet. Reserve Corps Oct 6. '63.
'62 M. 0. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
't)l M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
"64 Disch. bv general order June 2, '65.
"61 Wd. at Eesaca, Ga., May 15, '64; m. o,
with company July 19. "65; Vet.
'61 >L o. with companv Julv 19. "65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'&4Wd. at Dallas. Ga.. May 25, '64; m. o.
' with companv Julv 19, '65.
'61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
I absent, sick, at m. o. ; Vet
'62 Disch. bv general order Julv 26, '65.
'61 Disch. .Jan. 29, "63, for wounds received
I at Antietam, ]yid., Sept. 17. '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 4, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 6. '63.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 14, '63.
'61 Wd. at Peach Tree Creek. Ga., July 20,
I '64; disch. Jan. 9, '65; exp. of term.
'61 Tr. to Co. A Dec. 1. '63.
'61 Died near Atlanta, Ga.. July 23, '64, of
I wounds received in action ; Vet
Soldiers True
353
Henctaliffe, Fred
Harrington, Charles A
Hohniann, Jacob
JolnisoD, Delos F. . . .
KUii;, Hiram D
Kasselliani<, John
Kutin, Henry
Kamuierer, Otto
Lear, Ainandiis
Lyman, Orville D
Lehman. Jonas
Lewis, Thomas E
Larl<ham, John C
Langendiefer, Fritz...
Lind, John
Morrison, (Jeorge
Morgan, Wilhani
Messiuger, Nathan
Moses, Cornehus V...
Miller, Charles
Miller, Lawrence
Martin, Kobert S
Moritz, John
Martin, Michael
M'Canver, Michael
M'Cam, Patrick
M'(iill, James
M'(iary, Kodule
M'Ewen, Kobert
Nuber, Adam
Noble, John
Nevenhuysen, W. W. ..
Norton, Lawrence
Nevenhuysen, C. H
O'Leary, Thomas
Perkersgill, William...
Purcell, James
Poulson, Henry L
Parker, Andrew
Pierce, Erastiis H
Prosser, .lohn
Prussia, Hiram
Prussia, F.afayette
Palmer, William
Paul, George W
Palmer, John
Qninn, Charles
Roht, Peter
Ryan, Michael
Stewart, (icorge G
SpooiHT, Lorenzo
Spies. William
Scholicld, Daniel
Snyder, Henry
Sheldon, Edgar A
Sprague, Seth
Military KecorU.
Private. Nov. 22
Died at Murfreesboro, Tenii., Apr. 31,
1 '04; buried in Nat. Cein., Ciiattauooga,
I ! grave 404.
Feb. 22, '«4 Wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 10, '(.4; des.
' Juue 25, 'f>5.
Nov. 26, '61 Des. Sept. 7, 'C2.
Feb. 16, '04 M. o. with 0(iiiii)aiiv .Inly 10, '0.5.
Sept. 17, 'OrM. o. with c(iiiiiiaiiv .liily 19, '05; Vet.
Dec. 15, '61 Disch. on Surg, ceitilicate June 19, '62.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. Jan. 7, '63, for wounds received
I at Antietam Md., Sept. 17, '02.
Sept. 14, '61 Pro. to Q. M. Sgt. Sept. 16, '61.
Dec. 20, '61 1\L o. with company July 19 '65; Vet.
Nov.' 2, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 19, '63.
Nov. 2, '01 Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 14, '03.
Dec. 12, '61 Disch. by general order Aug. 5, '65; Vet.
I Dec. 18, '01 Died at Alexandria, Va., July 27, '62;
I 1 grave 105.
iDec. 18, '01 Killed at Antietam. Md.. Sept. 17, '62.
Feb. 10, '64 Died at Savannah, (Ja., Dec. 28, '64.
Mar. 11, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Dec. 11, '61 Absent, sick, at m. o. ; Vet.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 9, '6.3.
Nov. 22, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 18, '63.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. Nov. 1, '64; exp. of term.
Nov. 2, '61 Died at Alexandria, Va., Aug. 7, '62;
I grave 132.
Dec. 18, '61 Killed at Antietam, ISId., Sept. 17, '02.
Nov. 22, '01, Died at Culpeper C. H., Va., Aug. 13. of
wounds, with loss of leg, received at
I Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '02.
Nov. 2, '01 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
I dropiied from rolls.
Sept. 16, 'OljWd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
! ni. o. witli ciiiiipaiiy July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July io, '65; Vet.
M. o. w itli company July 19, '05.
Never joined company.
Disch. by general order June 2, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65 ; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Disch by general order June 21, '65; Vet.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 24, '63.
Died at Pittsburg, Pa. , Mar. 14, '64 ; bur-
led in Allegheny Cem.
Disch. Feb. 7, '65, to date exp. of term.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '05; Vet.
M, o. with company .July 19, '&5.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with coiupairy.riilv 19, '65.
Wd. at Cedar :\I()uiitaiii', Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Sing, (•eitificate Nov. 15. '62.
Disch. on Suru. ccrtilicate .Tan. 7, '63.
Died at .Si)riiigfifl(l, Pa., .(an. 1. '02.
Des. Nov. '.'5, '6-2 ; returned May .5. '05;
I disch. by general order July 27, '65.
Mar. 27, '64 Killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
! 20, '64.
Oct. 15, '61, Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; m. o.
I with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 9, '63.
Nov. 22, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 14. '63.
Mar. 7, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Mar. 7, '64 M. o. with company JulV lo, '05.
Mar. 20, '02 Disch. on Surg, ceititicate Oct. 1, '02.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. on Surg, certilicate .Jan. 19, '63.
Nov. 22, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 28, '63.
Nov. 22, '61 Cap. at Cedar Mountain. Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 5, '63.
Dec. 18, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate :Mar. 1, '64.
Jan.
23,
'02
Feb.
27,
'W
Apr.
6,
'05
Mar.
8,
'02
Nov.
2,
'01
Mar.
31,
'02
Mar.
27.
'64
Nov.
2,
'61
Feb.
2,
'01
Nov.
2,
'61
Feb.
15,
'62
Feb.
21,
'62
Mar.
10,
'02
Feb.
1,
'64
Keb.
14,
'65
Keb.
27
'01
Dec.
30,
'01
Nov.
22,
'01
Dec.
1,
'61
Feb.
8,
'02
354
Soldiers True
Xaiue.
Stewart, James S. .
Swap, Theion P
Thomas, Emanuel .
Terrill, Shermau...
Turner. William ...
Toland, John G
Terrill, Harrison G
AValker, Josiah
White, Josiah
Watts, Elijah
West, Aaron
West, Frank P
Walton, Albert M .
Warner, Manley B.
Ward, George
Young, Michael
Frank Wagner
Charles Woeltge...
Moses Veale
JohnC. Teel
Henry Dieffenbach
WUUam G. Griffing.
Date of
Mnster In.
Military Kecord.
Jan. 28, '62 Disch. Apr. 8, '65: exp. of term.
Dec. 18, '61 Died July 6 of wounds received at Gettys-
j burg, Pa., July 3. '63; buried in Xat.
I Cem.. sec. A, grave 89.
Aug. 15, '63 M. o. with company July 19. '65.
Nov. 2, '61 Wd. at Resaca, Ga., May 15. '61; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Oct. 16, '61 M. o. with companv July 19, '65; Vet.
Dec. 15, '61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Nov. 2, '61 Died at Little Washington, Va., July
29, '62.
lOct. 3, '61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62 ; m. o.
I with company July 19, 'a5; Vet.
Nov. 2, '61 Disch. by general order June 2, '65.
Feb. 20, '62 Disch. by general order June 2, '65.
Nov. 22, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 18, '62.
Nov. 2, '61 Cap. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9,
I '62; wd. at Chancellorsville May 3, '63;
disch. Nov. 1, '&i; exp. of term.
Nov. 2, '61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
tr. to Co. A Dec. 1, '63.
Nov. 2, '61 Died at Culpeper C. H., Va., Aug. 15, of
I wounds received at Cedar Mountain,
Va., Aug. 9, '62; buried in Nat. Cem.,
I block 1, sec. A, row 5, grave 170.
Dec. 13, '61 Des. Sept. 23, '62.
Feb. 6, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
COMPANY I
U. Schlaudecker.
William Saeger..
William Keown...
Gideon Woodring.
Captain. Dec. 15,
" !jan. 10,
Feb. 20,
1st Lt. Jan. 4,
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Feb. 22,
Feb. 12,
Jan. 10,
Jan. 21,
Mar. 3,
Dee. 26,
(ieorge B. Collins.
Bernard F. Driny.
Alonzo Foust
Isaac M'Cullough.
Charles Long
T. P. Babcock
Robert Kern . . .
Edsou C. Clark.
David M. Ribblet.
" Dec. 14,
Sergeant. Dec. 13,
Jan. 15,
pec. 31,
iJan. 7,
Jan. 3,
Dec. 26,
Jan. 28,
I Nov. 3,
'61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
, res. Jan. 15, '63.
'62 Pro. from 1st Lt. Jan. 15, '63; wd. at An-
I tietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; killed at
Resaca, Ga.. May 1.5, '64.
'62 Disch. bv general order June 8, '65.
'62 Pro. to S'gt. Jan. 4. '62 ; to 1st. Lt. Jan. 15,
I '63; disch. Mar. 31, '64.
62 Pro. from Private to Sgt. Mar. 19, '62; to
1st Sgt. ; to 2d Lt. Sept. 3. '63 ; to 1st Lt.
Mar. 30, '64 ; com. Capt. May 16, '&i ; not
mustered; wd. at Peach Tree Creek,
Ga., July 20. '64; disch. by special or-
der Nov. 3, '&4.
'62 Pro. from 2d Lt. June 16, '65; m. o. with
company July 19, '65.
'62 Res. Dec. 6, '62.
'62 Pro. to Sgt. Aug. 18, '62 ; to 2d Lt. Jan. 15,
I '63; toQ. M.May 21, '63.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, 'C5; Vet.
'61 Wd. at Eesaca, Ga., May 15, '64; disch.
I by general order June 27, '65; Vet.
'61 Des. Aug. 10, '62.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 Pro. to Sgt. July l, '&5; Color Sgt. from
I Sept. 17, '62, to Jan., '65; m. o. with
I company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Pro. to Sgt. Julv 7, '65 ; m. o. with com-
pany July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64 ; pro. to Sgt. July 7, '65 ; m. o. with
company July 19, '65 ; Vet.
'62 Disch. by "special order Aug. 31, '62.
'61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
pris. from Julv 20, '64, to Apr. 21, '65;
disch. Jime 2. to date May 18, '65; Vet.
'62 Wd. at Wauhatehie, Tenn.. Oct. 29, '63;
I pris. from July 20, '64, to Mar. 14, '65;
disch. by general order June 22, '65;
I Vet.
'61 Died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Jan. 1,'C3.
I
Soldiers True
355
Uate of
JIuster In.
Military Kecord.
IVter Fraley Seig«'ant. Jan. 10,
Kicliaril Meniniau.
Adrian Morcoft'l. . .
Davitl Foust
Nelson Christcnson.
Samuel T. Graff
Marshall Caltlwell.
Jacob INIoyer
Sanuiel Wilson
Henjaniln F. lioss.
Eilwaid Fitzgerald
(ieorge Hamilton
Thomas H. IVrCimiber.
Joseph Schreckeugost.
Adolphus Teel...
George Foreman.
Coriioral. Jan. 24,
Jan. li:
Feb. 13,
Aug. 28,
Dec. 21,
[Jan. 4,
iJau. 11,
John Ernst
Frederick Hoftinan.
Joseph Kishner
Michael Kitter
Allen, Kufus A
Muc.
Private.
Alderman, Lafayette F.
Allen, Nathan
Brannion, Lewis
Bradeu, William . . . .
Baker, Christian
Burns, Francis
Belden. Stephen
Boyer, Samuel P
Bertges, Valentine. .
Chivalier, Joseph K
Cathcart, Patrick . . .
Connor, Byron
Clearey, George P..
Cooper, AVilliam
Crawford. Thomas..
Clemens. Frank
Curry, William
Christy. Itobert
Coiini'i-. .loliu
Clark. Sullivan
Donohue. Joseph...
Dreyer, Eli
Debold, Martin
Denney, William
Davis, Isaac
Davis, Samuel
'Dec. 31,
Jan. 11,
Jan. 3,
Aug. 28,
Jan. 27,
iJan. 4,
Dec. 2,
Apr. 7,
Apr. 7,
Jan. 10,
Mar. 25,
Feb. 8,
pec. 26,
Feb. 8,
I Aug. 28.
,Jan. 11,
Aug. 28,
'Nov. 24,
Aug. 28,
Mar. 16,
Jan. 7,
Mar. 14,
Mar. 13,
[Aug. 27,
Feb. 8,
pec. 31,
'Aug. 28,
iDec. 14,
Aug. 29,
iJau. 8,
|Jan. 2,5,
Jan. 4,
Mar. 10,
pec. 26,
Jan. 14,
Dec. 16,
'Jan. 2.5,
,Feb. 1,
'62 Killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
I 20. '64; buried in Marietta and Atlauta
Nat. Cem., Marietta, Ga.,sec. G, grave
I 175; Vet.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 Pro. to Corp. July 7, '65; m. o. with com-
pany July 1'.), '65; Vet.
'64 Pro. to Corp. .luly 7, '65; m. o. with com-
pany July l!i. "65; Vet.
'63 Sub. ; pro. to Corp. .Inly 1, '65; m. o. with
I company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Cap. at Cedar jNIountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
I pro. to Corp. Sept. 2, '63; m. o. with
I comi)any July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 Disch. Mar., '63.
'62 Died Sept. 2 of wounds received at Cedar
Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, 't)2.
'61 Died at Harper's Ferry, Va., Junes. '62.
"62 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9. '62;
I died iNIar. 16, '65; buried in Nat. Cem.,
I Wilmington, N. C, grave 17; Vet.
'62 Des. Oct. 6, '63.
"63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
— Des. Feb. 25, '62.
'62 Wd. at JKesaca, Ga., May 15, "64; disch.
I Aug. js, to (late July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
I des. Feb. 23, '(i3.
'61 Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '&4; uot on
I m. o. roll.
'62 Disch. July 3, '65; exp. of term.
'62 Disch. July 3. '65; e.xp. of term.
'62 Disch. Sept. 20, '62.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. l, '62.
'62 Wd. at Dallas, Ga., ]May 25, "64; m. o.
I with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
buried iu Nat. Cem., lot A, sec. 26,
I grave 80.
'62 Des. Apr. 20, '62; returned; des. again
I Feb. 25, '64; Vet.
'63 Sub. ; ni. o. with company July 19, "65.
"62 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, "62;
I disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 20. "62.
'63 Sub. ; disch. on Surg, certificate Sept.
I 17, '64.
"61 Disch., date unknown.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
'64 Pris. from July 20, '64, to Apr. 21, '65 ;
I disch. June 2, to date May 18, '65.
'62 Not on m. o. roll.
'62 M. o. with conii)any July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 >L o. with companv July 19, '65.
"63 Sub. ; wd. at Dallas, G'a., May 25, "64;
I m. o. with company Julv 19, '65.
'62 Absent, sick, at m. o. ; Vet.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 6, '63.
'63 Sub. ; tr. to U. S. Naw Mar. 2, 'W.
'61 Died at Winchester, Va., Aug. 14, '62.
'63 Sub. : des. Sept. 14, '63.
'62 Des. Feb. 12, '62.
'62 Des. Feb. 12. '62.
'62 Des. Julv 28, '63.
'62 M. o. with c(mipauv July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 14, '63.
'62 Disch., date unknown.
'61 Killed at Autietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62;
I buried iu Nat. Cem., sec. 26, lot A,
' grave 79.
'62 Killed at Autietam, INId., Sept. 17, '62.
'62 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
1 des. Sept. 16, '62.
356
Soldiers True
iJame.
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
Drydell, John
Ester, Heurj;
Ecle, Frederick
Favvnhaus, Philip..
Fitting, John
Fitting, Adam
Foust, "William
Frey, Charles
Frey, Jacob
Fitch, Wayne
Flangh, A. J
Foster, John
Fitch, James
Farrow, Edward —
Gable, Philip
Gill, Joseph
Gehart, Abraham. . .
Gerhoffer, Ignaz
Hope, Barris
Kites, William A...
Haney, William
Haines, Benjamin F
Hildebraud, John. . .
Hess, Charles
Hewitt, Harrison. ..
HawkiJis, David
Ilartmau, Ernest. ..
Hnghes, William N
Irvni, Charles M
Jackson, Harry
Jockim, Jacob
Janzer. Frank
Jones, James..
Jager, Martin
Kerbey, Philip
Kimmel, Nicholas..
Kissling, Jacob
Keau, Daniel W....
Kirkland, Hosiah. . .
Kline, Francis
Kirshmer, Jacob.. ..
Kissell, Nicholas
Kissell, William ...
Lytle, Isaac B
Lentz, George
Litwiler, David
Lewis, Stephen S. , .
Lowry, George
Lehr, Anthony
Lilly, John
Langhery, Thomas.
Martz, Andrew
Martin, Thomas....
Private.
Aug. 29,
Jan. 11,
Aug. 28,
Jan. 23,
Jan. 12,
Jan. 25,
Feb. 15,
Jan. 22,
Dec. 2G,
Jan. 11,
Jan. 1,
Aug. 27,
Jan. 16,
Jan. 13,
Feb. 15,
Dec. 26,
Aug. 28,
Jan. 6,
Dec. 21,
Feb. 15,
Feb. 15,
Aug. 28,
Aug. 28,
Mar. 24,
Jan. 7,
Jan. 2,
Aug. 28.
Aug. 29,
Mar. 19,
Aug. 28,
.Ian. 4,
Feb. 17,
Aug. 28,
Jan. 11,
Feb. 15,
Aug. 28,
Jan. 6,
Jan. 11,
Dec. 23,
Aug. 28,
Jan. 21, '&i
Jan. 18,
Feb. IC,
Mar. 3,
Aug. 28,
Dec. 31, '61
Jan. 3,
Aug. 24,
Jan. 14,
Jan. 3,
Dec. 26,
Aug. 28,
Sub. ; des. Oct. 4, '63.
Des. Jan. 15, '63.
Sub. ; des. Jan. 24, '65.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with comjiany July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct., '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate July 10, '62.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 13, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 4, '63.
Des. Apr. 7, '63.
Des. Jan. 25, '63.
M. 0. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
disch., date unknown.
Sub. ; died at Bridgeport, Ala., Feb. 9. '64.
Des. Jan. 17, '63.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub.; wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64;
m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Absent at m. o.
Died at Baltimore, Md., Apr. 29, '62.
Died at Winchester, Va., July 28, '62.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 6, '63.
Sub. ; des. Oct. 4, '63.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; died at Atlanta. Ga., Oct. 1, '64;
burial record, died July 28, '64; buried
in Marietta and Atlanta Nat. Cem.,
Marietta, .sec. B, grave 116.
Sub.; absent, sick, at m. o.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Apr. 4, '63.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64; killed at
Atlanta July 28, '64.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 14, '63.
Des. Apr. 9, '63.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Sub; cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
20, '64; m. o. with company July 19. '65.
Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va.. Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 18, '63.
Wd. at Antietam. Md., Sept. 17, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 2, '63.
Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 31, '63.
Sub.; disch. Mar. 18, '65, for wounds re-
ceived at Atlanta, Ga., July 28, '64.
Died at New York May 19, '65; buried in
Cypress Hills Cem., L. I.
Des. Apr. 20, '62.
Cap. at Peach Tree Creek. Ga., July 20,'64.
M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Wd. at Dallas, Ga., May 26, '64; m. o.
with company July 19, '65.
Pris. from Mar. 25 to Apr. 6, '65; disch.
by general order June 22, '65; Vet.
Disch. Feb. 8, '65, to date exp. of term.
Disch. by general order June 26, '65.
Wd. at Gettysburg. Pa., July 3, '63; tr.
to Vet. Reserve Corps, date unknown.
Des. Feb. 12, '62.
Des. Feb. 12, '62.
Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; m. o.
with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
SOLDIKKS T[{UE
357
Morris, William J.
Martin, Samiu'l
Matl)ias, Uavis
Moyer, Lorenz
Masters, John F...
Miller, Charles
IVIoore, Tliomas
M alone, Patrick...
Morgan, William.. .
Jl'Connell, Patrick.
WHJnigan, James..
M'Cann, Arthur...
M'Cuniber, H. T...
M'Mannes, John
M'Mullen, Michael.
Nuss, Peter
Ntuliiif;, William.
Oswald, Aarou...
Porter, James ...
Pigfjott, Jonathan . .
Pittintjer, Isaac
Kojters, John..
Richardson, Kobert.
Ko.ss, Serenus
Koss, William
Kobhins, I>yman .
Ronno, John
RohniiiK. Ernst . .
Styers, David W..
Schreckengost, G .
Stem, A. Scott
Snare, Charles
Stewart, William .
Steenlnirf.'li, John.
Sherman, William
SchlatilT, Micliat-l.
Schilling, Lewis..,
Schntt, Augustus ,
Schriber, John
Smith, Felix
Stem, Wayne
Schugart, Frederick.
Smith, John
Smith, Samuel...
Schott, Nicholas.
Smith, Philip
Stewart, John W.. . .
Stamp, Warren
Thomas, Charles W.
Townslev. William..
Topper, ^Joseph
Thompson, John....
Private.
Military Kecord.
Jan.. 8, '64 Wd. at Re.saca, Ga., May 15, '64; ab-
I sent at m. o.
Mar. 3, '64 Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 17, '65.
Feb. 1, '6'J Diseh., date unknown.
Feb. 15, '64 Killed at Pine Knob, Ga., June 15, '64;
I buried in Marietta and Atlanta Nat.
i Cem., Marietta, Ga., sec. C, grave 991.
Aug. 28, '63 Des. July 1,'65; Vet.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 5, '63.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Dec. 26, '6i:Des. Dec. 2, '62.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; disch. by general order May 26, '65.
Nov. 22, '61 Absent, in arrest, at m. o.
Nov. 24, '61 Wd.at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; disch.
on Surg, certiticate Apr. 4, '63.
Jan. 4, '62] Des. Feb. 12. '62.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub.; des. Apr. 1, '64.
Jan. 2, '62| Wd. at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63 ; tr. to
I Vet. Reserve Corps Jan. 25, '64.
Jan. 7, '62, Not on m. o. roll.
Jan. 24, '62 Disch. Dec. 2, '62.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; wd. at Lookout Mountain, Tenu.,
Nov. 24, '63, and at Grier's Farm, (Ja.,
June 21, '64; m. o. with company July
19, '65.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub. ; absent, sick, at m. o.
Jan. 21, '62 Killed at Antictani, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; m. o. w itli company July 19, '65.
Jan. 13, '02 Disch. June 2ii, '65; Vet.
Jan. 7, '62|Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62, and
at (iettysbnrg, Pa., July 3, '63; disch.,
date unknown.
Jan. 21. '62 Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Jan. 14, '62 Killed at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62.
Aug. 28, '63, Sub. ; des. Sept. 29, '63.
Jan. 11. '62 Des. May 28, '62.
Jan. 15, '62 M. o. wit"n company July 19, '65; Vet.
Jan. 7, '62 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., and at
I Resaca, Ga., May 15, '64; m. o. with
I company July 19, '65; Vet.
Jan. 7, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Oct. 20, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 18, '62.
Nov. 6, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 18, '62.
Oct. 21, '62 Disch. on Surg, certiticate Feb. 28, '63.
Feb. 24, '62 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, "62;
I disch. on Suig. certificate Dec. 20, '62.
Jan. 7, '62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 14. '62.
Jan. 4, '62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 13, '62.
Dec. 26, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
Aug. 27, '63 Sub.; tr. to U. S. Naw Mar. 2, '64.
Mar. 28, '64 Died at Chattanooga. Tenn., July 1. '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., grave 358.
Jan. 13, '62 Died at Acquia Creek, Va., Apr. 1, 'r>3.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub. ; died July 21 of w ounds received at
Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, '64;
buried in Marietta and Atlanta Nat.
Cem.. Marietta, sec. C, grave 671.
July 17. '63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Aug. 28, 'm Sub. ; des. Oct. 8, '63.
July 17, '63 Sub. ; wd. at Atlanta, Ga., July 28. '64;
des. June 24; returned July 7, '65;
disch. Aug. 5, to date July 19, '65.
Nov. 3, '61 Des. Oct. 22, '62.
Jan. 14, '62 Des. Oct. 22, '62.
Mar. 17, '62 Absent, sick, at m. o. ; Vet.
Feb. 10, "62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
Dec. 26, '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 18, '62.
Aug. 28, '63 Sub, ; cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
I 30, '64.
358
Soldiers True
Kame.
Van Guilder, Daniel .
Vontrain. Beneflict... .
Vanorden, Luther
Willard, Amos
Walter. Peter
Wilks. John
Wygant, Charles
Waters. George
Walroth, James E
Warner, Aujrustus....
Wood, Albert H
Wingert, Christopher,
Priv ate.
Date of
Master In.
Military Record.
Mar. 28, '64 >L o. with company July 19, '65.
Aug. ii8, '63|Sub. ; m. o. with comi)any July 19, '65.
Feb. 17, '62 Diseh. by general order May 9, '65.
Jan. 7, '621 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Jan. 7, '62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
Feb. 19, '64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
Jan. 28, '64 ]SL o. with company July 19, '65.
Dec. 26, '61 Disch., date unknown.
Aug. 28, "63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 2S, '63.
Aug. 28, '63'Sub. ; des. Oct. 6, '63.
Feb. 8, '62 Des. Oct. 22, '62.
Feb. 25, '64 Cap. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; died at Andersonville, Ga., Sept.
I 23, '64, grave 9,573.
COMPANY K
Jonas J. Pierce..
Frank J. Osgood.
PljTnpton A. Mead.
Captain.
Albert E. Black 1st Lt.
George W.Clark...
George W'. Smith..
Castor G. Malin...
Jacob MallisoD —
Louis Wilcox
Robert Mason
Harrison H. Davis.
Thomas Zimmitt. . .
James M. Sutton
Edwin Dew
Oliver P. Alexander.
Israel Gibson
George H. Osgood.
2d Lt.
1st Sgt.
Sergeant.
Chester D. Clawson , Coriwral.
Arthur Waterson.
Joseph Rough
Benjamin Ganoe. .
Samuel Bowers...
Thomas J. Maliu .
Uriah W. Rodgers.
William Brooks
Marvin W. Lutz .
Louis Schmidt . .
Richard Morey
•Joseph Neiteriter. . .
Joseph O. Etherington.
Amberson, William H.
Alexander, S. M
Muc.
Private.
Dec. 27, '61
Dec. 27, '61
Feb. 13,
Feb. 12.
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 26,
Jan. 17,
Feb. 27,
Dec. 27,
Nov. 3,
I Dec. 27,
I Nov. 2,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Jan. 18,
June 4,
Jan. 30,
Feb. 27,
Feb. 12,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Jan. 20,
June 23,
Feb. 11,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Mar. 1.
IMar. 31,
Jan. 24, '62 Res. July 14, '62.
Jan. 31, '62 Pro. from 1st Lt. July 14, '62; to Maj.
May 20, '65.
Pro. from Sgt. to 2d Lt. Jan. 15, '63; to
1st Lt. Oct. 16, '64; toCapt. June 7, '65;
wd. at Lookout INIountam, Tenn., Nov.
24, '63, and at Ringgold. Ga., Nov. 27,
'63: m. o. with company July 19, '65.
Pro. from 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt. July 14, '62;
to 1st Lt. Nov. 1, '62; wd. at Antietam,
Md., Sept. 17, '62. and at Wauhatchie,
Tenn., Oct. 29, '63; disch. by special
order .June 21, '64.
62' Pro. from 2d Lt. June 7, '65; m. o. with
I company July 19, '65; V'et.
'62, Res. July 14. '62.
'61 M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61|M. 0. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 Disch. bv general order July 3, '65.
'61iWd. at 'Grier"s Farm, Ga., June 21, '64;
disch. by special order Mar. 31, '65;
I Vet.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 11. '63.
'61 Disch. bv special order Mar. 31, '65; Vet.
'eilDied at Frederick. Md., July 16, '62; bur-
ied in Nat. Cem., Antietam, sec. 26,
I lot F. grave 592.
'61 Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 25, of
1 wounds received m action June 28, '64;
' Vet.
•62 Wd. at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 17. '64; m. o.
I with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 >L o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch, date unknown; reenlisted Feb. 18,
I '64; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 18, '62.
'62 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 30, '62.
'62 Disch. by general order June 2. '65.
'62 Died in Washington, D. C, June 9, '65;
I buried in Nat. Cem., Arlington, Va. :
' Vet.
'61 Des. July 3, '62.
'61 Des. Nov. 1. '62.
'61 Pro. to PI. Muc. July 1, '64; Vet.
'62 Disch. by general order June 16, '65.
'62 Disch. by general order June 2, '65, to
I date exp. of term.
Soldiers True
359
Name.
Armor, Jolm K.
lU'berger, Fniiik X.
Bi'crs, William
Brewer. Cliailes
Hrowii, Joseph
Ik'll, Samuel T..
Rromly, HukIi. ..
Hoyle, E. Mell...
Boyle, John U. . .
Byer, George B .
Bryan, Joseph
Bochart, Montgomery.
Coboru, John
Cottorman. Charles. .
CumiiiinLCs. Patrick. .
Chasr, Cdliunbus M..
Cole, Sidney W
Cole, John W
Colvill, William
Cinlett, William
Clark, .fohn G
Calvin, Benjamin F..
Courad, Absalom
Campbell, Orlando S.
Cain, John G
Cambridge, John..
Camercm, Robert...
Clitfonl, Paul
Conrad, Alansing..
Cnlverson, Robert.
Campbell. David.. .
Davis, John W
Davis, Wilson H...
Davis, James H
Dougherty, John...
Dougherty, William.
De Coff, John A
Douglass, AsaO.
Diinond. Robert
Eman, George
Ferry, Washington.
Feaster, Peter ..
Fox. Sidney W. ..
Ferry, Benjamin
Goodrich. William H.
George, Joseph
Gibbert, George
Guiher, David L
Guinan, Frank
Gereuflow, Jacob
Private.
.Mlhtary Kecord.
Dee. 27,
Dec. 27,
Feb. 27,
Mar. 20.
Dec. 27,
Jan. 27
Jan.
23,
Feb.
20,
Dec.
18,
Mar.
24,
Apr.
17,
Dec.
27,
Feb.
15,
Feb.
10,
Nov.
3,
.Nov.
3,
.Ian.
2,
Feb.
27,
Jan.
t,
May
6,
Feb.
IH.
.Ian.
31,
Dec.
27
Dec.
27,
Mar. 3L
Dec. 27,
Feb. 25,
Aug. 6,
Dec. 27,
Jan. 17,
Feb. 25,
Mar. 20,
Mar. 11,
Feb. 26,
Dec. 27,
Nov. 3,
Feb. 15,
Jan. 30,
Aug. 18,
Mar. 22,
Feb. 8,
Mar. 24,
Feb. 27,
Feb. 15,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27
Nov. 3
Feb. 27
Nov. a
Feb. 5
'61 Died at Sharpsburg, Md., Sept. 1«, of
I wounds received at Antietam Sejit. 17,
'62; buried in Nat. Cem., Autietam, Md.,
I sec. 26, lot B, grave 168.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'W M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'62 M. o. with coin|iauy July 19, '65.
'61 Tr. to Co. A oth Regiment v'et. Reserve
1 Corps; disch. on Surg, certilicate Apr.
! 18, '65; Vet.
'62 Wd. at Gettysburg July3,'63; disch. Feb.
j 27, '65, to date exp. of term.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 30, '62.
'64 Disch. by special order June 16, '65.
'61 Pro. to 2d Lt. Co. H. Mar. 12, '62.
'64 Killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July
I 20, '6i; buried in Marietta and Atlanta
Nat. Cem., Marietta, Ga., sec. G, grave
169 or 171.
'62'Des. July 25. '62.
'61 Des. Oct. 18, '62.
'62|Wd. at Charlestown, Va., May 28, '62;
I m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19. '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 29, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 29, '62.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Mar. 4. '63.
'62 Disch. on Surg, ceitincatr Mar. 26, '63.
'62, Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 20, '64.
'62; Disch. by general order .lune 2, '65.
'64 Disch. bv general order May 3. '6.5.
'62 Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Feb. 15, '64.
'61 Died at Annapolis, Md., Oct. l, '62.
'61) Killed at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, '63;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. D, grave 49.
'64 Killed at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
'64; buried in Marietta and Atlanta Nat.
I Cem., ^Marietta, Ga., sec. G, grave 170.
'61 Des. June 30, '62.
'64 Des. June 28, '65.
'63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 5, '63.
'61 Des. June 9, '61; Vet.
'62 Tr. to Co. D, date unknown.
'64 Not on m. o. roll.
'62 M. o. with company .July 19, *65; Vet.
'6i i\I. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 Absent, sick, at m. o.
"61 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62;
disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 17. '63.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18, '63.
'62iAccideutally killed at Winchester, Va.,
I June 28, '62.
'64 Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds
received at Peach Tree Creek, Ga.,
July 20, '64; buried in Nat. Cem.,
grave 366.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
'64 Disch. by general order July 5, '65.
'62 Wd. at Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 18. '64; m. o.
I with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 M. 0. with company July 19, '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'64 Died at Chattanooga. Tenn., July 11, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., grave 598.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'61 Wd. at Cedar Mountain, Va., Aug. 9. '62;
m. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'61 M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
"64 M o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 6. '62.
'62 Wd. at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, '62; des.
I July 1, '65; Vet.
36o
Soldiers True
Name.
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
Goodar, Jonathan
Heisland. Louis
HemiDger. Daniel
Hany. Joseph
Hughes. Samuel B
Huuter. Alien M
Hughes. Jefferson J .
Haie. James
Hager. Charles
Huff. Michael
Hoffman. Valentine....
Harm. James A
Hopkins. Frank A
Harris. .James N
Hamon. John H. .....
Jones. Thomas
Jost. German
Johnson. Richard
Kauffman, David
Kelly. John
Kenan, Michael
Knewstep, Miles
Levenstine. Frederick
Lewby, Edward
Long, John H
Miller, Stanley
]kiiller, Joseph.
]VIersheimer, G. W
Mattocks. Louis
Myers, Joseph
MUward, Luke
Morrison. Thomas C. .
Mills. George W
3Iyers, James
lyiiller. Charles
Metcaer, August
Mathews. Mason
MNamara. A. J
MKeown. Robert
M'Namara. Joseph B.
MTracken. T. A
M'Mullen, Ishmael. ..
M'MuUen. James
31'Donald. James
MRenolds, Anthony.
M'Gittigen. Stanley...
Kevling. G. B
Pauley, Samuel
Pauley, John
Patterson, Alexander
Pauley. Elias
Paul. NVilliam
Kothchild. Samuel M.
Reaves. Joseph
Eich. James F
Richmond, H. E
Ross. George
Reaver, Frederick
Private. Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Mar. 1,
Feb. 10,
Feb. 15.
Feb. 22,
Dec. 27,
Feb. 25,
Aug. 29,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 27,
Dec. 16,
Feb. 21,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 29,
Dec. 27,
Aug. 29,
Nov. 28,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 25,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 29,
Feb. 25,
Feb. 19
Mar. 30.
Dec. 17
Feb. 27
May 2
Dec. 27
Feb. 27
Jan. 22,
Jan. 18.
Feb. 27
Aug. 29,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 29,
Jan. 22,
Sept. 1
Feb.
Jan. 23,
Mar. 24,
Mar. 24,
Jan. 27
Sept. 17
Dec. 21
Feb. 27
Dec. 27
Dec. 27
Jan. 22,
Dec. 27
Feb. 4
Jan. 10,
Jan. 14,
Aug. 29
Jan. 21
Aug. 29
Feb. 5,
'61 Missing in action at C«dar Mountain,
Va.. Aug. 9, "62.
'61 M. o. with company Julv 19, "65: Yet.
'62 M. o. with company Julv 19. '65; Vet.
&i M. 0. with company July 19. "65.
"64 M. o. w ith company July 19, '65.
'65 M. o. w ith company Julv 19. '65.
'61 Absent, sick, at m."o. : Vet.
'64 Disch. on general order May 30, '65.
'63 Sub. ; absent, sick, at m. o.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 22, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 18. '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 18, '62.
'61 Disch. ou .Surg, certificate May 22, '62.
'62 Tr. to Co. G Jan. 1. '63.
'63 Sub.; des. .Sept. 7, '63.
'63 Sub. ; absent, sick, at m. o.
'61 Des. Sept. 13, "63.
*63 Sub. ; des. Sept 28, '63.
"63 Wd. at Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20,
I '64; m. o. with company July 19, '65;
I Vet.
'63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'63 Sub. ; tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps June 3,
I '65.
'63 Sub. ; wd. at "Wauhatchie, Tenn., Oct. 29,
'63; des. May 6. "64.
"63 Sub. ; disch. bv general order June 7, '65.
'64 Killed at Peach Tree Creek. Ga., July 19,
I '64; buried in Marietta and Atlanta Nal.
' Cem., Marietta, Ga., sec. G, grave 302.
'64 Des. June 28. '65.
'64 M. o. with company July 19. '65.
'63 M. o. with company July 19, "65.
'64 Absent, sick, at m. o.
'62 Disch. by general order June 2. '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Jan. 18. "63.
'64 Wd. at Culps Farm, G.a., June 17. "64;
tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps Mar. 22, "65.
'62 Killed at Chancellorsville.Va., Mav3. '63.
'62 Killed at ChancellorsviUe.Va.. May 3. "63.
'64 Died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 13, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. E, grave 2,615.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 16. '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 2. '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 5, '63.
'62 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 Disch. by general order June 2, '65.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Feb. 3. '63.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Sept. 3. '63.
'64 Wd. at Gulps Farm. Ga.. June 17, '64;
! disch. by general order May ■26. '65.
'64 Disch. on Surg, certificate June 1. '65.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 17, '63.
'64 Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps June 3. '65.
'63 Tr. to Vet. Resene Corps June 3, '65.
'64 M. o. with company Julv 19. '65.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 22. "62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Oct. 18. '62.
'62 Wd. at Antietam. Md..Sept. 17. '62; disch.
ou Surg, certificate Mar. 18. '63.
'61 Tr. to Vet. Reserve Corps July 1, '63.
'62 Died at Winchester. Va.. July 15, '62.
'65 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 22, '62.
'63 Disch. on Surg, certificate Dec. 25, '63.
'62 Disch. on Surg, certificate Aug. 7, '62.
'63 Tr. to U. S. Navv Nov. 4, '64.
'62 Died at Fairfax Seminary, Va., Sept. 5. of
I wounds received at Cedar Mountain,
Va., Aug. 9, '62; buried in Nat. Cem.,
I Alexandria, grave 1,535.
Soldi i:rs True
361
Name.
Kcese, William
Keani, Joseph
Rodiignit's, Francisco
Hush, Nicholas
Keiiff, John
Stephenson, Cieorge..
Spath, Joseph F
Swanli, Oliver
Scliell, Theodore
Schatrer, Siinuiel
Sdliicr, Joliannus
Shiiiglcdt'cker, James
Snyder, Albert
Sullivan, John
Spath, Joseph
Sehellitto, James F.. .
Spath, John W
Southward, Kussel
Schmidt, John W
Shnbert, Jacob
Saniiey, David E
Scrivens, James
Shervin, William
Sutter, Benjamin
Townley. Theodore. . .
Taylor, (leorge W
Trover, .John C
Taylor, Uriah
Vancamp, Isaac
Vaughn, Samuel P
Vaughn, Daniel
Vaughn, George W. . .
Wade, John
Wolf, Christian
Wood, William T
Walker, George W...
Wright, Patrick
Woodward, Henry
Warwick, John
Wallace, William
Wolborn, John
Young, Barney
Zay, Nicholas
Date of
Muster In.
Private. Feb. 26, '64
Mar. 24, '64
Aug. 29,
Feb. 24,
Aug. 29,
Dec. 27,
Nov. 3,
Mar. 17,
Mar. 15,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 29,
Mar. 31,
Feb. 27,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Nov. 3,
Feb. 28,
Sept. 19,
Dec. 27,
Mar. 20,
Apr. 17,
Dec. 27,
Feb. 25,
Feb. 23,
Dec. 27,
Mar. 21,
Dec. 27,
Nov. 2,
Jan. 22,
Jan. 18,
Jan. 22,
Nov. 3,
Aug. 29,
Dec. 27,
Mar. 6,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 28,
Aug. 29,
Aug. 29,
Feb. 15,
Dec. 27,
Aug. 28,
Military Record.
Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., July 27, 'VA;
buried in Nat. Cem., grave 22.'j.
Died at Nashville, Teuu., Oct. 21, '64;
buried in Nat. Cem., sec. E, grave 2,895.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
Des. Jime28, '6.5.
Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
" " ; Vet.
'62|M. o. with company July 19, '65
'frl Wd. at Grier's Farm, (la., June 21, '64;
I m. o. with company July 19, '6,5.
'63 Sub. ; m. (). with company July 19, '(i5.
'63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'62 M. o. with company .July 19, '65.
'64 Absent, sick, at m. o.
'61 Disch. ou Surg, certificate May 22, '62.
'6llDisch. on Surg, certificate May 22, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 29, '62.
'61 Disch. on Surg, certificate Nov. 25, '63.
'64jPris. from Mar. 14 to May 5, '65; disch.
June 19, to date May 18, '65.
'64 Disch. by general order July l, '65.
'61 Disch. Dec. 27, '64; exp. of term.
'62 Disch. Apr. 6, '65; exp. of term.
'62|Tr. to 132(1 Co. 2d Battalion Vet. Reserve
Corps Jan. 19, '64; disch. Apr. 20, '65;
exp. of term.
'61 Killed at Cedar Mountain, Va., Ang.9, '62.
'62 1 Des. Dec. 8, '63.
'64 M. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. Aug. 12, to date July 19, '65; Vet.
'64 Absent, wd., at m. o.
'61 Died at Little Washington, Va., Aug.
6, '62.
'61 M. o. with company July 19. '65; Vet.
'62 Disch. on Surf;, certificate May 22, '62.
'62 Di.sch. on Surg, certificate Mav22, '62.
'62 1 Disch. on Surg, certificate May 22, '62.
'61 M. o. with company July 19, '65; Vet.
'63 Sub. ; m. o. with company July 19, '65.
'61 Disch. Dec. 27, '61; exp. of term.
'65 Disch. by general order June 15, '65.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sent. 7, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 16, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
'63 Sub. ; des. Sept. 28, '63.
'64 Not on m. o. roll.
'61 Died at Little Washington, Va.. Aug.
j 29, '62.
'63 Sub. ; des. Oct. 3, '63.
UNASSIGNED MEN
Broderick, .James
Bebilhimer, .Jacob
Brower, George
Cassedy, George
Drenning, Matthew
Dredman, Hugh
Dushcne^ Fraiik
Dailey, .John
Dalrymple, Kock. C
Edwin, Charles
Fidton, John
Fisher, John
Goulet. Moses
Godat, Matthew
Guinan, Frank
Hemmington, Gustavus
Private.
Feb. 16, '64
Feb. 25, '64
Feb. 10, '64
Mar. 4, 'm
Feb. 10, '64
Feb. 8, '64
Feb. 3, '64
Mar. 29, '64
Feb. 29, '64
Feb. 10, '64
Mar. 4, 'M
Jan. 21, 'M
Jan. 16, '64
Jan. 16, '64
Feb. 15, '64
Feb. 5, '64
Not accounted for.
Died at Pittsburg, Pa., Mar. 12, '(.4;
buried in Allegheny Cem.
Not accounted for.
362
Soldiers True
Name. Rank.
Date of
Muster In.
Military Record.
Harper, James
Private.
Mar. 7, '64
Feb. 4, '64
Feb. 16, '64
Feb. 27, '64
Mar. 22, '64
Feb. 2, '64
Feb. 27, '64
Feb. 16, '64
Feb. 16, '64
Feb. 3, '64
Mar. 29, '64
Feb. 27, '64
Feb. 15, '64
Feb. 16, '64
Feb. 16, '64
Feb. 19, '64
Feb. 27, '64
Not acconnted for.
.
Johnson, William
Kennedy, John
Klock, George
Labelle, Thomas
Moreland, John W
Morgan, .laincs
Monroe, William
Proiilx, iS'oe
Qniggle. Philetns..
Kyan, Charles F
Snyder, William F
Senden, James W
Smith, John
Smith, Solomon D
StoucyiT, .larkson
Seelt-v, I'ftrr
Feb. 23, '64 '
Feb. 23, '64 '
Feb. 10, '64 '
Feb. 4, '64 '
Apr. 1, '64' '
Mar. 29, '64 •
Feb. 6, '64 '
Feb. 16, '64 '
Apr. 1, '64 '
Smith Saiiiiit^l
Shet'ts. .John
Trnss, Edward
Wertheinu'r, Kmil
Wilder, Tillman
. Pennsylvania.
ilAi' OF Operations in Tenn
INDEX
A foreigner's opinion of Sher-
man's army, 310.
A German partisan, 252.
A welcome tugboat, 287.
Ac(|uia Creek, camp near, 75, loi.
Alexander, Captain VV. J., provost
marshal, 145 ; returns Confed-
erate officer's sword, 97 ; com-
mands regiment, 276.
Allatoona Pass, 210, 214.
An expensive treat, 250.
An interrupted dinner, 265.
Andersonville prison and prisoners,
250.
Angels minister to the soldiers, 151.
Antietam field, 55, 56; battle of,
57-65; casualties, 65.
Armistead, General, heroic death
of, 135-
Atlanta, plan of campaign, 200-202 ;
battle of, 240, 241 ; campaigns
toward, see Chaps. XI, XII;
occupation of, 246; casualties
in campaign, 247.
Averysboro, engagement at, 287,
288.
Augur, General C. C, commands
division, 42; wounded. 45.
Badges for corps adopted, 81.
Baltimore, arrival at, 20; work in,
23-
Bancroft, Captain P. S., desper-
ately wounded, 61.
Banks, Major General N. P., men-
tioned, 28, 42, 47, 49, 50.
Barnum, Colonel H. A., commands
brigade, 269; Savannah sur-
renders to, 270.
Bealeton Station, regiment em-
barks at, 148.
Bentonville, battle of, 289.
Best. Captain, at Chancellorsville,
94.
Big Shanty, 216.
Bissell. Lieutenant, captured. 237.
Black. Lieutenant A. E., wounded,
61 ; desperately wounded, 163.
Blodgett Captain H. L., dies of
disease, 243.
Bolivar Heights mentioned, 28, 29,
31, 32; camp on, 68.
Boyle, E. M., at Catlett's Station,
49-
Boyle, Major John A., sketch of.
13; adjutant, 14; captured,
45; promoted, 69; commands
109th Regiment temporarily,
146; killed in battle, 164.
Boyle, Adjutant John R., second
lieutenant, 20; first lieutenant,
84; adjutant, 194; captain and
as-istant quartermaster, 274;
slightly wounded, 236.
Bratton, Colonel, at Wauhatchie,
161, 162.
Bridgeport, arrival at, 157; return
to, 194.
Broad River, S. C, crossed, 282.
Burnside at Antietam. 63; at
Knoxville, 155; siege raised,
185.
Buzzard's Roost, 203.
Camp Reed. 12. 14.
Cape Fear River crossed, 287.
Cassville. Ga. ; why Johnston did
not fight at, 210.
Casualties in army, on Pope's cam-
paign, 51; at Antietam. 65;
at Chancellorsville. loi ; at
Gettysburg, 137 ; at Chatta-
nooga, 185 ; on Atlanta cam-
paign, 247 ; march to the sea,
271.
Casualties in regiment, at Cedar
Mountain. 45 ; at Antietam, 61 ;
Chancellorsville, loi ; Gettys-
burg, 131: Wauhatchie, 164;
Lookout Mountain, 181 ; Resa-
ca, 207; Dallas. 212; Lost
Mountain. 220: Gulp's Farm.
222 ; Grier's Plantation. 222 ;
Peach Tree Creek, 237 ; total
during service, 311.
Catawba River crossed, 282.
Catlett's Station, raid on. 49.
Cedar Mountain, battle of. 43-45.
Chancellorsville. battle of, 88-101.
Charlestown, Va., first skirmish at,
29-32.
364
Soldiers True
Chattahoochee River crossed, 230.
Chattanooga campaign, 170-189.
Cheraw, S. C, 284.
Cobham, George A.. Jr., sketch of,
13; on sick leave, 39; pro-
moted to colonel, 69; captures
battle flag, 97; commands bri-
gade at ChancellorsviUe, 100;
at Gettysburg, 118- 125; on
Atlanta campaign, 206; good
work at Resaca, 206, 207;
killed, 236; brevetted brigadier
general, 22,9.
Coborn, John, first man wounded
in reghnent, 2i^.
Colors, regimental, in 1863, 191.
Columbia, S. C, occupation of,
280; fire in, 281.
Confederate currency printing
house destroyed, 281.
"Continuous battle" for twenty-
three days, 228.
Cooper's brigade, 29, 42.
Corps badges adopted, 81.
Corps, Twelfth, organized, 52; sent
West, 147; merged into Twen-
tieth Corps, 194.
Corrigan, Captain Arthur, killed, 6r.
Cronenberger, Lieutenant Joseph,
wounded, 61.
Gulp's Farm, fight on, 222; losses,
222.
Gulp's Hill, battle on, 125-131 ; reg-
imental monument on, 130.
Dallas, battle near, 211, 212.
Dalton, 203.
Darby's Farm, engagement at, 221,
222.
Davisboro, incident near, 265.
Dieflfenbach, Lieutenant Henry,
wounded, 237.
Dix, Major General John A., regi-
ment is reoorted to, 20.
Dumfries, march to, 73-75.
Dunker Church at Antietam, 56 ;
battle near, 58-60.
Duryea, Brigadier General Abram.
regiment's first brigade com-
mander, 20.
Dyke, Sergeant Major Logan J.,
desperately wounded, 237.
Edisto River crossed, 279, 280.
Edwards Ferry, 107.
Effects of the Carolina campaign,
295-
Elections of 1864, in camp, 251,
252.
Eleventh Corps stampeded at
ChancellorsviUe, 93, 94; work
at Gettysburg. 115, 116, 117;
merged into Twentieth Corps,
194.
Emancipation Proclamation and
the soldiers, 80.
"Enlightened warfare," 195, 196.
Erie, regiment recruited at, ii; re-
ception at, on veteran furlough,
193-
Executions, military, at Leesburg
and Raccoon Ford, 107, 145.
Fairfax Court House, march to,
71.
Fairfax Station, camp near, 71, "jz.
Falling Waters, 139.
F a y e t t e V i 1 1 e, communications
opened at, 287 ; arsenal de-
stroyed, 287.
Foragers, Sherman's, 259, 260, 277,
278, 279; capture a railroad,
279.
Francis' speech to iiith Regiment,
190.
Freedmen on March to Sea, 261,
263.
Fresh bread for the army. T].
From Raleigh to Washington, 304,
305.
Geary, Brigadier General John W.,
sketch of, 67; commends iiith
Regiment in special order, 167,
300; brevetted major general,
274.
Geary, Lieutenant E. R., killed, 164.
Gettysburg, field of, described, 113,
114; battle of, 115-138; hos-
pital work at, 137; losses in,
137; campaign following, 139-
144; rapid pursuit of Lee
from, 142, 143.
"Going to stop Sherman," 264.
Goldsboro, occupied, 290.
Gould, Lieutenant W. T., wounded,
237-
Grand Review at Washington, 306-
310.
Grant. General U, S., takes com-
mand of Military Division of
Mississippi, 156; remarkable
campaign about Chattanooga,
170-173; promoted to lieuten-
Soldiers True
365
ant general, 194; receives Lee's
surrender, 297.
Gravelly Plateau, skirmish on, 209.
Great Pedee, accident at crossing
of, 284.
Green, Captain John P., mentioned,
79, 105, 207.
Greene, Brigadier General George
S., commends iiith Regiment,
65 ; sketch of, 67 ; wounded, 164.
Grier's Plantation, engagement at,
223.
Griswoldsville, fight at, 258.
Haight, Lieutenant John J., wound-
ed, 164; wounded again, 223.
Hancock, Alajor General W. S.,
mentioned, 90, 97, 98, 99, 116,
117, 118, 121, 133; wounded,
135-
Hardee, General W. J., defeated
near Rough and Ready, 242 ;
evacuates Savannah, 270.
Harper's Ferry, description of, 26;
regiment arrives at, 27.
Harrisburg, regimental colors re-
ceived at, 20.
Hay, Captain W. C, wounded. 237;
exonerated in orders from false
charges, 300.
Hayes, Lieutenant C. A., captured,
237-
Hazen, General W. B., captures
Fort McAllister, 269.
Histrionic diversions, ^2^ 7^.
Hood, General John B., mentioned,
120. 198, 210, 211; supersedes
Johnston, 230; defeated July
20 and 22, 1864, 237, 240 ;
strikes Sherman's communica-
tions, 253; sketch of, 230, 231;
defeated at Nashville, 271.
Hooker. Major General Joseph,
sketch of, 75, 76; at Antietam,
55- S8, 50; commands Army
of the Potomac. 75-108; at
Chancellorsville. 95-97; com-
mands Eleventh and Twelfth
Corps, 147; in Chattanooga
campaign, 168. 175, 183; re-
lieved from command. 242.
Hospital work at Gettysburg, 137.
Howard, Alajor General O. O..
mentioned, ti:;; commands
Army of the Tenne'^see, 242.
Hughes. Corporal John, brings
Major Boyle's body to Bridge-
port, 166.
Initiation into camp life, 15, 16.
Intronchments, extent of, on At-
lanta campaign, 223.
Ireland, Colonel David, mentioned,
176, 177, 187, 202; wounded,
206.
Jackson, "Stonewall," mentioned,
28, 34, 43, 45, 49, 54, 59, 64,
91 ; mortally wounded, 95.
Jeffcoat's Bridge, skirmish at, 279.
Jenkins, General M., at Wau-
hatchie, 158; killed, 167.
Johnston, General Joseph E., sketch
of, 199; commands against
Sherman, 199; relieved, 230;
resumes command in North
Carolina, 281 ; surrenders to
Sherman nearly 90,000 men,
303-
Joint Resolution of Congress
thanking Grant's army at Chat-
tanooga, 185 ; thanking Sher-
man's army, 271.
Jonesboro, battle of, 241, 242.
Kane. Brigadier General Thomas
L., sketch of, 78, 79.
Keedysville, Md., mentioned, 57.
Keenan, Major, charge of, at
Chancellorsville, 94.
Kelly's Ferry, mentioned, 156.
Kenesaw Mountain, battle of, 224,
225.
Kernstown, Va., mentioned, 34.
Kilpatrick. General Judson, skir-
mishes near M a c o n, 258;
nearly captured by Wade
Hampton, 287.
Kingsbury, Lieutenant C. M.,
killed, 98-
Lee, General R. E., mentioned, 43,
47, 50. 52. 64 ; at Antietam, 64 ;
at Gettysburg. 118. 132. 136;
surrenders to Grant. 297.
Lee's "lost order." 53-55.
Little Washington, Va., mentioned,
42.
Logan, Major General John A.,
commands Army of Tennes^iee
in great battle of July 22, 1864,
24T.
Longstreet, General James, men-
tioned. 47; at Antietam. 56,
57, 58. 63, 64; at Gettysburg,
amazed at Lee's change of
plan, 118; great battle against
366
Soldiers True
Sickles, 120-122; opposed to
Pickett's charge, 132; but or-
ders It. 134; ordered to Geor-
gia, 146; at Chickamauga, 147;
orders Geary"s capture at Wau-
hatchie, 158; ordered to Knox-
ville, 170; returns to Virginia,
^95- . . . ,
Lookout Mountain, description of.
173, 174; battle of, 175-181 ;
regimental tablet on, 180.
Loudoun Heights, Va.. camp on. 66.
Lowell. Lieutenant N. W., sends
Major Boyle's body from field,
166; wounded with pickled
pork. 236; promoted to R. Q.
M.. 295.
Lincoln, President Abraham, re-
views Twelfth Corps, 81 ; re-
elected, 252; thanks Grant's
army at Chattanooga, 185 ;
thanks Sherman's army, 246;
effect of his assassination on
the soldiers. 302.
Lucas, Sergeant A. G., promoted
to adjutant, 274.
Madison, Ga., incident en route,
258.
Maloney's Church, skirmish at,
227.
Man-hunting on the skirmish line,
226, 227.
March to the sea, 254-272.
McAllister, Fort, captured, 268.
269.
McClellan, Major General George
B., mentioned, 24. 52, 53, 54,
57. 64, 65, 69, 71-
McKim Barracks, 21.
McPherson. Major General James
B.. sketch of. 198; commands
-A^rmy of the Tennessee, 194;
at Resaca, 204; at Kenesaw,
^Mountain. 223, 224; killed be-
fore Atlanta. 240.
Mead. Lieutenant P. A., wounded.
181. 188.
Meade. Major General George G.,
sketch of, 109. tig; commands
Army of the Potomac. 1 11: at
Gettysburg. 114, 116, 119. 120.
121, 131, 132. 133. T36, 137. T38.
Milledgeville, occupied, 257. 258;
soldiers rescinded secession or-
dinance in State Capitol. 259.
Millen. bodies found in military
prison, 266.
Missionary Ridge, battle on, 182-
184.
Monument, regimental, on field of
Gettysburg, 130.
Moore, Lieutenant Jesse, wounded
at Cedar Mountain, 45 ; se-
verely wounded at Peach Tri.e
Creek, 237.
Mower, Major General Joseph A.,
at Bentonville, 289; commands
Twentieth Corps, 295.
Much ado about nothing, 298-300.
Muddy Creek, engagement on, 221,
222.
Mule, the army, 291, 292.
Murfreesboro, arrival at, 151.
Muster out of regiment, 311.
Negroes on Sherman's march to
the sea, 261-263.
Neuse River crossed, 298.
New Hope Church (Dallas), bat-
tle of, 211, 212.
Nicholson, Assistant Surgeon John,
dies, 39.
Nickajack Creek, 229.
Oak Ridge, July i, 1863, 115, 116.
Oconee River crossed, 257.
Ogeechee River, 265.
Okefinokee marshes, 265.
Olley's Creek, 225.
Oostenaula River, crossed. 209.
Orders, governing the march to the
sea, 254.
Original officers of iiith Regiment,
18.
Osgood, Captain. Frank J., pro-
moted to major and lieuten-
ant colonel, 294.
Osgood, Sergeant George H., mor-
tally wounded, 225.
Ovation to regiment in Ohio. 150,
151-
Patterson. Lieutenant William L..
wounded at Chancellorsville,
92; at Gettysburg, 131; pro-
moted to captain, 194; super-
intends removal of refugees
from Atlanta, 248, 249; com-
mands foragers, 261 ; acting
commissary of subsistence, 275.
Peach Tree Creek, battle of, 231-
238.
Pettit. Lieutenant M. D., killed,
163.
Pine Knob, Ga., 216. 217, 218.
Soldiers True
367
Pleasonton, General, at Chancel-
lorsville, 94.
Pocataligo, S. C, 275.
Polk, General Leonidas, killed, 218.
Pope, Major General John, sketch
of, 41 ; takes command of
Army of Virginia, 41 ; his re-
treat, 47-51; personal effects
captured by Stuart, 48; re-
lieved from command, 52.
Powder Springs road, skirmish on,
223.
Presentation of flag to regiment, on
field of Antietam, 65.
Prince, Brigadier General Henry,
commands brigade, 42; cap-
tured, 45.
Prison at Andersonville, 250; at
Mill en, 266.
Prisoners, exchanged Union, con-
dition of, 250.
Prisons, Carroll and Capitol Hill,
guarded by regiment, 310.
Quicksands, in the Carolinas, 278,
283.
Raccoon Ford, Va., 144.
Raccoon Mountains, Ga., 174.
Raleigh, occupied by Sherman, 298.
Rapidan River, picket duty at, 144.
Rappahannock Station, skirmish at,
48.
Reed, Camp, 12, 14.
Reenlistment of iilth Regiment,
189.
Reno, Major General Jesse L.,
killed, 55.
Resaca, battle of, 204-207.
Reynolds, Major General John F.,
killed, 115.
Rice, used by soldiers for food, 269,
270.
Richmond, passed through, 305,
Ringgold campaign, 185-189.
Roanoke River, crossed, 304.
Rocky Face, 203.
Saeger, Lieutenant William, R. Q.
M., 83.
Saluda River, crossed, 282.
Sassafras tea, for scurvy, 244.
Savannah, siege of, 268-271 ; sur-
rendered, 270, 271.
Schlaudecker. Colonel Matthew,
sketch of, II, 12; as a drill
master, 23, 24; commands bri-
gade, 34; resigns, 69.
24
Schofield, Major General John M.,
sketch of, 198; commands
Army of the Ohio on Atlanta
campaign, 194.
Scott, Colonel Thomas A., ably
superintends transportation of
two army corps, 147.
Sea, march to the, 254-272.
Sedgwick, Major General John, at
Cliancellorsville, 99.
Selkrtgg, Lieutenant George,
wounded at Antietam, 61 ; pro-
moted to captain, 275.
Seventh Ohio Regiment, decimated,
187.
S e X a u e r. Lieutenant Christian,
wounded, 237.
Shell Mound, mentioned, 157.
Sherman, Major General William
T., sketch of, 196, 197; com-
mands Military Division of
Mississippi, 194; on Atlanta
campaign, 195 ; device to sup-
ply Chattanooga, 201 ; plans
march to the sea, 252 ; chases
Hood toward Chattanooga,
253; occupies Savannah, 271;
plans the campaign through
the Carolinas, 275 ; reaches
Fayetteville, 287 ; Goldsboro,
290; Raleigh, 298; receives
Johnston's surrender, 303 ; pub-
licly refused to shake Secre-
tary Stanton's hand, 304; at
Grand Review, 309.
Sickles, Major General Daniel E.,
at Gettysburg, 120, 121 ;
wounded, 121.
Sigel, Major General Franz, men-
tioned, 32, 34, 41, 42, 47, 71,
195-
Sister's Ferry, crossing at, 276.
Slocum, Major General Henry W.,
sketch of, 67 ; commands
Twelfth Army Corps, 67;
transferred to Vicksburg, 194;
resumes command of Twelfth
Corps, 242; commands Army
of Georgia, 295, 309.
Smith, Major General W. F., 156.
Stewart, Surgeon W. B., resigns,
81.
Stokes, Assistant Surgeon James,
resigns. 81.
Stuart. General J. E. B.. at Chan-
cellorsville, 97.
Sturdevant. Lieutenant H. R., cap-
tured, 237.
368
Soldiers True
Sudden fate of a recruit, 220.
Swamps of Georgia, and the Caro-
linas, 264, 265, 266, 267, 276-
278.
Tablet, regimental, on Lookout
Mountain, 180.
Tennessee River, opening of, for
relief of Chattanooga, 156.
Terry, Major General A. H., men-
tioned, 281, 287.
The most popular army song, 261.
The seasoning of the soldier, 38.
Thomas, Major General George
H., sketch of, 197-198; com-
mands Army of the Cumber-
land, 156; congratulates Geary
at Wauhatchie. 166; disas-
trously defeats Hood at Nash-
ville, 198, 271.
Thomas, Captain William A.,
wounded, 181.
Thompson, Lieutenant Alexander,
resigns, 81.
Todd, Captain M. H., wounded at
Antietam. 61 ; killed, 212.
Tracy, Lieutenant A. M., wounded,
212 ; commands foragers, 284 ;
some personal experiences, 284,
285 ; captured. 291.
Transfer of Eleventh and Twelfth
Corps to the West, 147.
Transportation reduced for At-
lanta campaign, 201, 202; still
further reduced for march
through the Carolina 5, 276.
Trenton Junction, mentioned, 158.
Twelfth Corps merged into Twen-
tieth, 194.
Two - o'clock - in - the - morning
courage, 164,
Ulcofauhatchie River, crossed, 256,
257-
Lniform, private soldier's, cost of,
1861. 15.
L'nited States Ford, mentioned, 86,
IOC.
Veale. Captain Moses, mentioned,
269, 294.
Wagner. Captain Frank, wounded
at Antietam, 61 ; resigns, 82.
Walker, Colonel Thomas M.,
sketch of, 12 ; portrait of, 35 ;
commissioned major, 12; com-
mands regiment on Pope's re-
treat, 41 ; also at battle of Ce-
dar Mountain, 43-45; secures
change of regimental arms,
53 ; and at Antietam, 58-61 ;
there wounded, 61 ; commands
at Gettysburg. 125, 128, 129;
promoted to lieutenant colonel,
69; to colonel, 294; brevetted
brigadier general, 310; com-
mands and is wounded at
Wauhatchie, 164 ; commands
at battle of Lookout Moun-
tain and Missionary Ridge,
181, 183, 184; and at Ringgold,
188 ; takes regiment home on
veteran furlough, 193; and re-
turns it to field, 194; com-
mands at Resaca, 206; at New
Hope Church, 212; and after
Colonel Cobham's death, at
Peach Tree Creek, 239 ; per-
sonally receives surrender of
Atlanta, 246; commands regi-
ment on march to sea, 257; and
from Goldsboro, 294.
Warner, Lieutenant W. B,, com-
mands skirmishers near Charles-
town, 30 ; promoted to captain,
83; wounded at Wauhatchie,
164; resigns, 274.
Warrenton Junction, halt at, 143.
Washington, Grand Review at,
306-310; guard duty in, 310.
Wauhatchie, battle of, 158-165; re-
enlistment near. 190.
Wells. Captain James Si., wounded,
164; wounded again, 207.
Wells, Sergeant John L., brevetted
for gallant conduct, 220; cap-
tured at Peach Tree Creek,
238; promoted to second lieu-
tenant, 294.
Whitesides mentioned, 157.
Wilmington. N. C, supplies re-
ceived from. 287.
Winder, Brigadier General Charles
S.. at Charlestown, 30; killed.
46.
Winter quarters, at Fairfax, 72;
at Acquia Creek, "JT. 79.
Woeltge. Captain Charles, wounded
at Antietam. 61 ; killed at Re-
saca, 207, 208.
Yellow River, crossed, 256, 257.
u
Boyle, John Richards
111th Penna. Infantry,
Soldiers true, the story of..
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E^27.^ 111th C.3
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